Digital Commons Network^™

Brains Without Money: Poverty As Disabling, Emily R. Murphy

Faculty Scholarship

e United States has long treated poverty and disability as separate legal and social categories, a division grounded in widespread assumptions about the “deserving” and “undeserving” poor. In the case of disability, individuals generally are not thought to be morally responsible for their disadvantage, whereas in the case of poverty, individuals are assumed to be at fault for their disadvantage and are therefore less deserving of aid. This Article argues that recent advances in brain and behavioral science undermine the factual basis for those assumptions. Poverty inhibits brain development during childhood and, later in life, adversely affects cognitive capacities that …

Toward A Broader Vision Of Lawyering, Ascanio Piomelli

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Non-Chemical Weed Management In Annual And Perennial Organic Cropping Systems, Zachary Pull

Plant Sciences

Weedy pests, especially perennial weeds, are among the most challenging barriers to organic crop production. Improving non-chemical weed management tactics for established organic productions systems, like cool-season grains, and emerging crops like perennial flax could benefit producers. We compared three crop sequences for creeping perennial weed suppression in organic grains. Three years of alfalfa was associated with reduced densities and aboveground biomass of perennial weeds compared to sequences that alternated grain and cover crops. Interseeding cover crops with perennial flax for weed management was attempted, but neither flax nor cover established well. Flame weeding and cultivation in perennial flax were …

Characterizing Late Blight Resistance Of Parental Genotypes Used In The North Dakota State University Potato Breeding Program, James Bjerke

Plant Sciences

The potato is an important food crop, and late blight is a potato disease costing growers millions of dollars. Utilizing cultivars with late blight resistance is the longest-term option to manage the disease. This two-part study identified genetic resistance to late blight present in North Dakota State University potato germplasm. More than 750 families were screened using a multiyear detached leaf assay. ND8277B-5, Dakota Trailblazer, EB8109-1, ND028856B-1Russ, and Stirling, were found to be the most successful parents. Additionally, 236 clones were evaluated for six late blight resistance (R) genes: R1, R2, R3, RB, Rpi-smira1, and Rpi-ber1. At least one R …

Genetic Dissection And Improvement Of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In Durum Wheat, Runhao Wang

Plant Sciences

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a destructive and complex fungal disease in wheat. Durum wheat, an economically important crop for pasta production, is under the severe impact of FHB. While numerous favorable QTL/genes have been identified in common wheat, there are fewer resistance resources found in durum wheat. An interspecific cross between FHB resistant hard red spring wheat (HRSW) and durum wheat cultivar ‘Riveland’ has been conducted for the introgression of resistance resources to durum wheat. Given the complex quantitative trait of FHB resistance in wheat, a recurrent selection population was constructed by crossing durum wheat cultivars and durum breeding …

Influence Of Soil Type, Fertilizer, And Mulch Amendment In Containerized Polyculture, Lena Fiskness

Plant Sciences

There are many avenues to address global food supply and global food production increasing food security for individuals and communities. Though corporate agriculture provides the largest percentage of global sustenance through grain monocultures, small-scale, subsistence, intercropping production is another means of direct-to-consumer horticultural supply for additional food security. Due to supply chain disruptions, inferior infrastructure, economic lack, and inaccessible land and/or agricultural equipment, large-scale production is not always feasible in impoverished communities where food security is greatest. This research determines the feasibility of growing “The Three Sisters” polyculture in containerized production as well as fertilizer and mulch amendment recommendations per …

Eviscerating Patent Scope, Shahrokh Falati

Articles & Chapters

The scope of patent claims directed to inventions in the field of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology has been stumped by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit’s recent jurisprudence on 35 U.S.C. § 112. Specifically, the application of a heightened test for enablement of claims to a genus of compounds with functional limitations or a genus of therapeutic antibodies, coupled with an increasingly broader application of the written description doctrine, has resulted in considerable uncertainty in the biopharmaceutical industry. The Federal Circuit’s shift in interpreting 35 U.S.C. § 112 contravenes the statute and Supreme Court precedent by splitting the singular …

Sex, Stamina, And Politics, Richard H. Chused

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Moral Reflections On Twenty-First Century Tax Policy Trends, Susan Pace Hamill

Articles

Focusing on individual taxpayers, this article offers moral reflections on state and local, and federal tax policy trends during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Although tax policy decisions are made by politicians (who often rely on economists), determining the best tax policy is ultimately an ethical issue and serves as a barometer revealing the true moral compass of any community. I started thinking about ethical tax policy while studying theology at the Beeson Divinity School, a conservative evangelical seminary that is part of Samford University. At Beeson, I noticed for the first time the gap between "walk …

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines On The Management Of Pain In Older People – A Summary Report, Patricia Schofield, Margaret Dunham, Denis Martin, Gary Bellamy, Sally Anne Francis, Dave Sookhoo, Antonio Bonacaro, Eshtar Hamid, Rebecca Chandler, Aza Abdulla, Mike Cumberbatch, Roger Knaggs

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an update of the evidence-based guidelines for the management of pain in older people. Design: Review of evidence since 2010 using a systematic and consensus approach is performed. Results: Recognition of the type of pain and routine assessment of pain should inform the use of specific environmental, behavioural and pharmacological interventions. Individualised care plans and analgesic protocols for specific clinical situations, patients and health care settings can be developed from these guidelines. Conclusion: Management of pain must be considered as an important component of the health care provided to all people, …

A Multi-Trophic Marker Approach Reveals High Feeding Plasticity In Barents Sea Under-Ice Fauna, Doreen Kohlbach, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt, Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Martin Graeve, Philipp Assmy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Microalgae growing within and attached to the bottom of Arctic sea ice (sympagic algae) can serve as a nutritious food resource for animals inhabiting the sea-ice water interface (under-ice fauna), particularly during the bottom ice-algal bloom in spring. As a consequence, under-ice fauna is likely impacted by sea-ice decline and changes in ice-algal primary production. To investigate this, samples of pelagic (=PPOM) and ice-associated particulate organic matter (=IPOM) and the iceassociated amphipods Apherusa glacialis and Eusirus holmii, and polar cod (Boreogadus saida), collected below ridged sea ice at two locations with pronounced differences in productivity in the northern Barents Sea …

Food Plants With Toxic Properties, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

A Nation That Rebuilds Its Soils Rebuild Itself- An Engineer's Perspective, Karen L. Johnson, Neil D. Gray, Wendy Stone, Bryce F.J. Kelly, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Cathy Clarke, Lynsay Blake, Stephen Chivasa, Florence Mtambanengwe, Paul Mapfumo, Andy Baker, Sabrina Beckmann, Lena Dominelli, Andrew L. Neal, Tariro Gwandu

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Nations can build and rebuild degraded soils to help address climate change and potentially improve the nutritional content of food if we change policies that allow the addition of safe mineral and organic wastes to soil. We present a framework that facilitates the transition from intensive conventional to more regenerative farming practices by considering soil’s natural cycle. Our paper is presented in three parts. Firstly, we consider that ’soil is living’; just like humans, the soil biome needs a balanced diet of macro and micronutrients as well as a nurturing environment. We simplify the soil science and take a systems …

Preeclampsia Is Associated With Reduced Isg15 Levels Impairing Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion, Asli Ozmen, Anthony O Odibo, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Among several interleukin (IL)-6 family members, only IL-6 and IL-11 require a gp130 protein homodimer for intracellular signaling due to lack of intracellular signaling domain in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and IL-11R. We previously reported enhanced decidual IL-6 and IL-11 levels at the maternal-fetal interface with significantly higher peri-membranous IL-6 immunostaining in adjacent interstitial trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE) vs. gestational age (GA)-matched controls. This led us to hypothesize that competitive binding of these cytokines to the gp130 impairs extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation, proliferation and/or invasion. Using global microarray analysis, the current study identified inhibition of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (

Bsl2-Compliant Lethal Mouse Model Of Sars-Cov-2 And Variants Of Concern To Evaluate Therapeutics Targeting The Spike Protein, Mohanraj Manangeeswaran, Derek D C Ireland, Seth G Thacker, Ha-Na Lee, Logan Kelley-Baker, Aaron P Lewkowicz, Paul W Rothlauf, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Michael A Eckhaus, Mirian I Mendoza, Sean Whelan, Daniela Verthelyi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Since first reported in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly acquiring mutations, particularly in the spike protein, that can modulate pathogenicity, transmission and antibody evasion leading to successive waves of COVID19 infections despite an unprecedented mass vaccination necessitating continuous adaptation of therapeutics. Small animal models can facilitate understanding host-pathogen interactions, target selection for therapeutic drugs, and vaccine development, but availability and cost of studies in BSL3 facilities hinder progress. To generate a BSL2-compatible

Genetics: Is Lada Just Late Onset Type 1 Diabetes?, M Hernández, Y Nóvoa-Medina, R Faner, E Palou, A Esquerda, E Castelblanco, A M Wägner, D Mauricio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: There is a controversy regarding Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) classification and whether it should be considered a slowly progressing form of type 1 (T1) diabetes (DM) or a distinct type of DM altogether.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed major genes associated with T1DM (class II

Results: A total of 578 participants were included: 248 with T1DM (70 diagnosed after the age of 30), 256 with T2DM and 74 with LADA. High risk HLA alleles were significantly more frequent in LADA than in T2DM, whereas the opposite was true for protective alleles. We found a lower frequency of …