Digital Commons Network^™

Legal Liability For Artificially Intelligent "Robot Lawyers", Michael Loy

Lewis & Clark Law Review

This Comment discusses liability for the use of autonomous “robot lawyers” in the practice of law. A “robot lawyer” is an artificially intelligent (AI) software program that performs legal tasks traditionally handled by lawyers. Law firms currently use “non-autonomous” robot lawyers that operate under the supervision of a human attorney to assist in legal research, e-discovery, and contract drafting. In the future, “autonomous” robot lawyers that operate without human oversight may one day represent clients. However, courts and legislatures have not determined who will be liable for errors, omissions, malpractice, or other harms caused by autonomous robot lawyers. This Note …

Arsc1212 Field Experience In Teaching Stem, Kim Mccomas

All Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Exceptional Point Generated Robust Asymmetric High-Order Harmonics, Hamidreza Ramezani, Amir Targholizadeh, Gui-Lei Zhu, Xin-You Lü, Cem Yuce

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Using exceptional point dynamics in time and space modulated lattices we propose a new mechanism for generation of asymmetric robust higher harmonics. Specifically we design a metallic-silicon system with a complex optical potential spatiotemporally modulated along the length of the waveguide for this robust higher harmonic generation. In our system the dynamical equations associated with modal field amplitudes are described by a Jordan form Hamiltonian. This ultimately will allow for a unidirectional higher frequency generation which always has a maximum value for a specific length of the waveguide irrespective of the geometrical imperfections in the design of the waveguide. Furthermore, …

Beyond The Local Volume. I. Surface Densities Of Ultracool Dwarfs In Deep Hst/Wfc3 Parallel Fields, Christian Aganze, Adam J. Burgasser, Mathew Malkan, Christopher A. Theissen, Roberto A. Tejada Arevalo, Chih-Chun Hsu, Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi, Russell E. Ryan Jr., Benne Holwerda

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Ultracool dwarf stars and brown dwarfs provide a unique probe of large-scale Galactic structure and evolution; however, until recently spectroscopic samples of sufficient size, depth, and fidelity have been unavailable. Here, we present the identification of 164 M7-T9 ultracool dwarfs in 0.6 deg2 of deep, low-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument as part of the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel Survey and the 3D-HST survey. We describe the methodology by which we isolate ultracool dwarf candidates from over 200,000 spectra, and show that selection by machine-learning classification is superior to …

New Lower Bounds On The Size-Ramsey Number Of A Path, Deepak Bal, Louis Debiasio

Department of Mathematics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We prove that for all graphs with at most (3.75 − o(1))n edges there exists a 2-coloring of the edges such that every monochromatic path has order less than n. This was previously known to be true for graphs with at most 2.5n − 7.5 edges. We also improve on the best-known lower bounds in the r-color case.

Biofabrication Of Magnetic Nanoparticles And Their Use As Carriers For Pectinase And Xylanase, Shady S. Hassan, Brendan Duffy, Gwilym A. Williams, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized via exposure of fungal cell filtrate from Aspergillus flavus to aqueous iron ions. The extracellular synthesis of MNPs was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and showed an absorption peak at 310 nm. The morphology of MNPs was found to be flake-like, as confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), while the average crystallite size was ∼16 nm, as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed to confirm the presence of elemental Fe in the sample. Pectinase and xylanase were covalently immobilized on MNPs with efficiencies …

Review Of Analytical Techniques For Arsenic Detection And Determination In Drinking Water, Abhijnan Bhat, Tony O'Hara, Furong Tian, Baljit Singh Dr.

Articles

Arsenic occurs in the natural environment in four oxidation states: As(V), As(III), As(0) and As(−III). The behavior of arsenic species changes depending on the biotic or abiotic conditions in water. In groundwater, arsenic is predominantly present as As(III) and As(V), with a minor amount of methyl and dimethyl arsenic compounds being reported. Global intake of As(III) and As(V) via drinking water and food has dramatically increased in recent years. The commonly used term inorganic arsenic includes both As(III) and As(V) species and constitutes the highest toxicological risk associated with arsenic in water compared to the organic arsenic species. Inorganic arsenic …

Disruptive Technologies In Smart Farming: An Expanded View With Sentiment Analysis, Sargam Yadav, Abhishek Kaushik, Mahak Sharma, Shubham Sharma

Articles

Smart Farming (SF) is an emerging technology in the current agricultural landscape. The aim of Smart Farming is to provide tools for various agricultural and farming operations to improve yield by reducing cost, waste, and required manpower. SF is a data-driven approach that can mitigate losses that occur due to extreme weather conditions and calamities. The influx of data from various sensors, and the introduction of information communication technologies (ICTs) in the field of farming has accelerated the implementation of disruptive technologies (DTs) such as machine learning and big data. Application of these predictive and innovative tools in agriculture is …

Application Of Climate-Smart Forestry – Forest Manager Response To The Relevance Of European Definition And Indicators, Euan Bowditch, Giovanni Santopuoli, Boyżdar Neroj, Jan Svetlik Jan Svetlik, Mark Tominlson, Vivien Pohl, Admir Avdagić, Miren Del Rio, Tzetvan Zlatanov Tzetvan Zlatanov, Höhn Maria, Gabriela Jamnická, Yusuf Serengil, Murat Sarginci, Sigríður Júlía Brynleifsdóttir, Jerzy Lesinki, João C. Azevedo

Articles

Climate change impacts are an increasing threat to forests and current approaches to management. In 2020, Climate-smart Forestry (CSF) definition and set of indicators was published. This study further developed this work by testing the definition and indicators through a forest manager survey across fifteen member European countries. The survey covered topic areas of demographics, climate change impacts, definition and indicators assessment, as well as knowledge and communication. Overall, forest managers considered the threat of climate change to their forests as high or critical and 62% found the CSF definition clear and concise; however, the minority suggested greater simplification or …

Data Driven Bayesian Network To Predict Critical Alarm, Joseph Mietkiewicz, Anders Madsen

Articles

Modern industrial plants rely on alarm systems to ensure their safe and effective functioning. Alarms give the operator knowledge about the current state of the industrial plants. Trip alarms indicating a trip event indicate the shutdown of systems. Trip events in power plants can be costly and critical for the running of the operation.This paper demonstrates how trips events based on an alarm log from an offshore gas production can be reliably predicted using a Bayesian network. If a trip event is reliably predicted and the main cause of it is identified, it will allow the operator to prevent it. …

Improvement Of The Fine Tuning Algorithm, Joseph Mietkiewicz, Anders Madsen

Articles

Khalil El Hindi has developed a fine-tuning algorithm to
improve the classification accuracy of the Naive Bayes. His algorithm optimizes the conditional probability tables of the Naive Bayes after the
training phase. The values of the probabilities of a variable are modified if it causes misclassification of a training instance. The algorithm out-performs in many cases the Naive Bayes. We analyze the performance
of the algorithm, discussed its issues, and compare it to a modified algorithm. The new algorithm simplifies the formula used in the fine-tuning algorithm and uses a more efficient scoring metric, the Brier score, to
fine-tune the …

Covid-19 And Csr Disclosure: Evidence From New Zealand, Stephen Bahadar, Rashid Zaman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose – Stakeholders’ uncertainty about firms’ value drives their urge to get information, as well as managerial disclosure choices. In this study, the authors examine whether and how an important source of uncertainty – the recent COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure – is beyond managerial and stakeholders’ control. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a novel construct for daily CSR disclosure by employing computer-aided text analysis (CATA) on the press releases issued by 125 New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) listed from 28 February 2020 to 31 December 2020. To capture COVID-19 intensity, the authors use the growth …

Teacher Perspectives On Integrating Technology Into Social Studies Instruction, Karen Diane Caldwell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Social studies instruction is vital to connecting students to the world and learning 21st- century skills needed for college and careers. Teachers’ knowledge and skills are essential for effective technology integration in instruction. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the perspectives of teachers in an urban elementary school district on the use of instructional technology in terms of the potential for properly integrating technology in studies instruction. Roger’s Diffusion of Innovations theory was the conceptual framework that guided this study. The research questions focused on teachers’ interpretations of their knowledge of laptop computers, their communication …

Identifying Key Elements To Assess Patient’S Acceptability Of Neurorehabilitation In Stroke Survivors–A Delphi Method, Manonita Ghosh, Kaoru Nosaka, Lisa Whitehead, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: Assessing patient acceptability of treatment is a clinical concern. No guidance exists to determine the best way to measure acceptability in stroke neurorehabilitation. This study identifies key elements to measure patient’s acceptance of stroke neurorehabilitation by establishing expert consensus.

>Materials and methods: A four-phase Delphi method with a three-round electronic-based survey was conducted. Experts were considered as stroke survivors or their caregivers and professionals in stroke neurorehabilitation. A twenty-five-item list was sourced from a literature review and discussion with a consumer panel (n = 22). In Round-1 (n = 118) and Round-2 (n = 80), experts …

A Truly Spatial Random Forests Algorithm For Geoscience Data Analysis And Modelling, Hassan Talebi, Luk J. M. Peeters, Alex Otto, Raimon Tolosana-Delgado

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Spatial data mining helps to find hidden but potentially informative patterns from large and high-dimensional geoscience data. Non-spatial learners generally look at the observations based on their relationships in the feature space, which means that they cannot consider spatial relationships between regionalised variables. This study introduces a novel spatial random forests technique based on higher-order spatial statistics for analysis and modelling of spatial data. Unlike the classical random forests algorithm that uses pixelwise spectral information as predictors, the proposed spatial random forests algorithm uses the local spatial-spectral information (i.e., vectorised spatial patterns) to learn intrinsic heterogeneity, spatial dependencies, and complex …

Reasons For Home Educating In Australia: Who And Why?, Eileen Slater, Kate Burton, Dianne Mckillop

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Home education is a legal educational option in Australia that continues to rise in popularity. This paper summarises the demographics and influences upon the decision to home educate of 385 home education families from Australia, representing 676 children who were home educated at the time of questionnaire completion. The research suggests female caregivers with higher levels of educational achievement than the general population predominantly coordinate home education. Some families eschewed mainstream education for philosophical reasons whilst others home educated due to perceived necessity. However, characteristic of both groups was the belief that the current education system was unable to provide …

Fifth Graders’ Use Of Gesture And Models When Translanguaging During A Content And Language Integrated Science Class In Hong Kong, Melanie Williams

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Translanguaging in science includes the use of semiotic repertoires complete with non-linguistic modes of meaning (e.g. gesture, tactile) that until recently have gone unnoticed in research into content language integrated learning (CLIL). Currently, there are calls for classroom research in CLIL settings that examines the semiotic processes in the spontaneous translanguaging of emergent bilinguals. In response, this study aims to expand bilingualism research by investigating the ways in which fifth-grade emergent bilinguals’ draw from their semiotic repertoires when translanguaging in content-based science lessons. Multimodal transcriptions made from video recordings of the lessons allow a cross-case analysis of the emergent bilinguals’ …

Machine Infelicity In A Poignant Visitor Setting: Comparing Human And Ai’S Ability To Analyze Discourse, Martin Maccarthy, Hairong Shan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study compares the efficacy of computer and human analytics in a commemorative setting. Both deductive and inductive reasoning are compared using the same data across both methods. The data comprises 2490 non-repeated, non-dialogical social media comments from the popular touristic site Tripadvisor. Included in the analysis is participant observation at two Anzac commemorative sites, one in Western Australia and one in Northern France. The data is then processed using both Leximancer V4.51 and Dialectic Thematic Analysis. The findings demonstrate artificial intelligence (AI) was incapable of insight beyond metric-driven content analysis. While fully deduced by human analysis the metamodel was …

A Framework For Designing Blockchain Systems In A Smart City Setting, Mohammad Alhefdi

All ETDs from UAB

As main characteristics of successful smart cities, the high demand for increased data security and accessibility and citizen engagement mean the role of blockchain technology has begun to increase. Nonetheless, blockchain technology also faces several challenges, which have slowed its adoption. In response, this dissertation introduces a framework for designing blockchain systems in a smart city setting and considers the smart city and blockchain challenges. Researchers have proposed several smart city models that study and analyze the complexity of smart cities to improve city security, functionality, services, and smartness. The proposed information-theoretical modeling approach to generate an innovated blockchain model …

Teaching Economic Values: A Mixed Methods Study Of Kindergarten Curricula, Values, Practices, And Teachers' Perspectives In Saudi Arabia, Hanaa Abualsoud

All ETDs from UAB

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate Saudi teachers' practices in developing economic values for kindergarten children, in Eastern region (Qatif city). The researcher also looked at teachers' awareness of Saudi Vision 2030 educational goals. The research was conducted using a convergent mixed methods design. In the quantitative strand, data was collected from 263 teachers using questionnaires. Data was collected from seven knowledgeable teachers using semi-structured interviews in the qualitative strand. The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed independently through content analysis for the qualitative data and a Google Forms for quantitative data. Results from both strands were …

Teacher Perception, Experience, And Attitudes On Student Achievement In A Title I High School In Central Alabama, Marvin Augusta Carter

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to share the lived experiences of teachers regarding how they supported student achievement in a Title I high school. After almost 60 years of Title I initiatives, the achievement gap between students in poverty and other more affluent students has not changed in any statistically significant manner (Jimenez-Castellanos, 2010). Due to the lack of academic growth for students in Title I schools as compared to students in non-Title I schools, parents, policymakers, and other stakeholders have increased pressure on educators and educational researchers to identify student achievement barriers and implement the use of effective …

Sturmian Theorems, Asymptotic Behavior For Eigenvalues, And Spectral Theory For Ordinary Differential Equations With Distributional Coefficients, Minh Nguyen

All ETDs from UAB

We study the theory of ordinary differential equations whose coefficients are distributions of order 0. In the first chapter of the thesis, we present some of the basic facts about the theory of distributions of order 0, the first-order ordinary differential equation with distributional coefficients, and the theory of linear relation associated with these differential equations. In the second chapter, we study the spectral theory of the first order equation with distributional coefficients. In particular, we prove that the adjoint of the minimal relation is equal to the maximal relation, which is a cornerstone for a spectral theory since it …

Room To Breathe: Using Adaptive Architecture To Examine The Relationship Between Alexithymia And Interoception, Haneen Abdulhamid, Nils Jäger, Holger Schnädelbach, Alastair D. Smith

School of Psychology

ObjectiveIndividuals with alexithymia experience difficulties interpreting emotional states in self and others, which has been associated with interoceptive impairment. Current theories are primarily based on subjective and conscious measures of interoceptive sensitivity, such as heartrate detection, but it is unclear whether similar observations would be found for objective or implicit psychophysiological measures. The present exploratory study assesses the potential of a novel assay through the use of adaptive immersive architecture [ExoBuilding].MethodsN = 88 participants were screened for alexithymic traits and N = 27 individuals, representing the range of scores, were sampled to participate in the behavioural task. In a repeated-measures …

Four Decades Of Mapping And Quantifying Neuroreceptors At Work In Vivo By Positron Emission Tomography, Albert Gjedde, Dean F Wong

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Decryption of brain images is the basis for the necessary translation of the findings from imaging to information required to meet the demands of clinical intervention. Tools of brain imaging, therefore, must satisfy the conditions dictated by the needs for interpretation in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the applications must serve as fundamental research tools that enable the understanding of new therapeutic drugs, including compounds as diverse as antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and drugs serving the relief of symptoms from neurochemical disorders as unrelated as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and dementia. Here we review and explain the kinetics of methods …

Fluorescence Imaging Of Beta Cell Primary Cilia, Zipeng A Li, Jung Hoon Cho, Louis G Woodhams, Jing W Hughes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Primary cilia are slender cell-surface organelles that project into the intercellular space. In pancreatic beta cells, primary cilia coordinate a variety of cell responses including GPCR signaling, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, along with likely many underappreciated roles in islet development and differentiation. To study cilia function in islet biology, direct visualization of primary cilia by microscopic methods is often a necessary first step. Ciliary abundance, distribution, and morphology are heterogeneous among islet cells and are best visualized by fluorescence microscopy, the tools for which are readily accessible to most researchers. Here we present a collection of fluorescence imaging methods …

Impact Of Fast-Track Regulatory Designations On Strategic Commercialization Decisions For Autologous Cell Therapies, Ching Lam, Edward Meinert, Aidong Yang, Zhanfeng Cui

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Regulatory authorities around the world have introduced incentives to improve the speed-to-market of innovative therapies. Aim & methods: To better understand the capacity and portfolio planning decisions of autologous cell therapies and particularly the impact of fast-tracking designations, this paper describes a mixed-integer linear programming approach for the optimization of capacity investment and portfolio selection decisions to maximize the net present value of a candidate portfolio of therapies under different regulatory programs. Results: The illustrative example shows that fast-track designations allow a 25% earlier breakeven, 42–86% higher net present value over a 20-year horizon with earlier upfront capital and …

Fea Modelling And Environmental Assessment Of A Thin-Walled Composite Drive Shaft, Joseph Searle, Maozhou Meng, John Summerscales

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) composites have been widely used in the automotive industry with the primary focus on reduced mass. However, there are relatively few reports on their application on power transmission components, such as drive shafts. This paper explores the feasibility of replacing the traditional structural steel by light weight FRP composites in a drive shaft. Three FRP composites are considered against a steel drive shaft; basalt/epoxy, carbon/epoxy, and CNT (carbon nanotubes) reinforced carbon/epoxy composites. The mechanical performance was analysed by finite element analysis (FEA) tool and classical laminate theory (CLT), while the environmental performance was evaluated by life …

A Neural Network-Based Model For Lower Limb Continuous Estimation Against The Disturbance Of Uncertainty, Wanting Li, Keping Liu, Zhongbo Sun, C Li, Yuanyuan Chai, Jian Gu

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In this paper, a novel prediction model is proposed to estimate human continuous motion intention using a fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) and a zeroing neural network (ZNN). During walking, seven channel surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and motion data of hip and knee are collected, and two signals are selected and processed from the seven muscles based on physiological and correlation analysis. Then, FWNN is built as an intention recognition model, with sEMG signals as input and physical hip and knee information as output. Meanwhile, ZNN is exploited into the FWNN model, forming a hybrid model to eliminate the prediction …

Mixture Toxicity Of Tio2 Nps And Tetracycline At Two Trophic Levels In The Marine Ecosystem: Chlorella Sp. And Artemia Salina, V Thiagarajan, R Seenivasan, D Jenkins, N Chandrasekaran, A Mukherjee

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Magnetic, Optical And Phase Transformation Properties Of Fe And Co Doped Vo2(A) Nanobelts, Ss Saeidi, B Vaseghi, G Rezaei, H Khajehsharifi, D Jenkins

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In this work, the effects of Fe and Co dopants on the optical bandgap and structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of VO2(A) nanobelts with rectangular cross-sections were studied. The optimized hydrothermal method with proper parameters was used to synthesize the samples. The XRD analyses show that the hydrothermal method promotes the formation of VO2(B) rather than the usual VO2(A) and causes the tetragonal-monoclinic transformation in VO2. Furthermore, expanding the VO2 lattice constant by dopants reveals that Fe3+ and Co2+ are successfully substituted into the lattice sites of V4+. Also, obtained results indicate the optical band gap increment with dopants and …