Digital Commons Network^™

Role Of Cd38 In Pulmonary Host Defense Against Gram-Negative Pneumonia, Xiaoqian Shan

LSU Master's Theses

The Gram-negative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a major cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the U.S. In particular, the dramatic increase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infections poses a serious threat to the public health both in the United States and worldwide. Clearance of bacteria in the lungs depends on effective pulmonary immune response. It may be possible to design improved therapies that augment host immune responses while attenuating excessive pulmonary inflammation through modulation of key innate immunity molecules during pneumonic infections. Cluster differentiation CD38 (CD38) has been detected on the surface of many immune cells or intracellular compartments, acting as …

Impact Of Moral Injury On Work Performance In Nurses Following The Covid-19 Surges, Annette Callis, Trisha Saul, Ross Bindler

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background

Moral Injury (MI) was defined by Jonathan Shay in 1994 as committing acts that betray one’s moral compass in high-stakes situations, while under the authority of another, that severely affect one’s well-being. MI was measured solely in the military prior to the COVID pandemic.

Aims

1.Explore the relationship between moral injury (MI) and perceived work performance in hospital nurses following the pandemic surges. 2. Determine relationships between MI and select participant demographics and between work performance and select demographics.

Sample

A convenience sample of 191 nurses from seven Southern California Hospitals participated in the study from March to June …

Antibiotic Exposure Does Not Impact Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response In Msi-H/Dmmr Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Center Experience, Victoria Serpas Higbie, Jane Rogers, Hyunsoo Hwang, Wei Qiao, Lianchun Xiao, Arvind Dasari, Kerri Mola-Rudd, Van K Morris, Robert A Wolff, Kanwal Raghav, Ryan Huey, Christine Parseghian, Jason Willis, Scott Kopetz, Michael J Overman, Benny Johnson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for patients with microsatellite instability high (MSI-H)/deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors. However, not all MSI-H/dMMR patients will exhibit the same ICB efficacy. Previous studies suggest that concomitant antibiotic use while receiving ICB may result in poorer outcomes. We aimed to evaluate this association in patients with MSI-H/dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-site, retrospective review of 57 patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC that received ICB was completed. Data collected included patient demographics, ICB information, and antibiotic use. Antibiotic exposure was considered from 90 days prior to ICB through 6 weeks …

Evaluation Of Mrna-1273 Vaccine In Children 6 Months To 5 Years Of Age, Evan J Anderson, C Buddy Creech, Vladimir Berthaud, Arin Piramzadian, Kimball A Johnson, Marcus Zervos, Fredric Garner, Carl Griffin, Khozema Palanpurwala, Mark Turner, Jeffrey Gerber, Richard L Bennett, Kashif Ali, Madhavi Ampajwala, Gary Berman, Jennifer Nayak, Carey Chronis, Barbara Rizzardi, William J Muller, Christopher A Smith, George Fuchs, Daniel Hsia, Joanne E Tomassini, Dianne Delucia, Caroline Reuter, Barbara Kuter, Xiaoping Zhao, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Daniela Ramirez Schrempp, Kelly Hautzinger, Bethany Girard, Karen Slobod, Roderick Mcphee, Rolando Pajon, Anne Aunins, Rituparna Das, Jacqueline M Miller, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Kidcove Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety, reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine in young children are unknown.

METHODS: Part 1 of this ongoing phase 2-3 trial was open label for dose selection; part 2 was an observer-blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of the selected dose. In part 2, we randomly assigned young children (6 months to 5 years of age) in a 3:1 ratio to receive two 25-μg injections of mRNA-1273 or placebo, administered 28 days apart. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine and to determine whether the immune response in these …

The Childhood Acute Illness And Nutrition (Chain) Network Nested Case-Cohort Study Protocol: A Multi-Omics Approach To Understanding Mortality Among Children In Sub-Saharan Africa And South Asia, James M. Njunge, Kirkby Tickell, Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahi, Md Amran Gazi, Ali Faisal Saleem, Zaubina Kazi, Syed Ali, Caroline Tigoi, Ezekiel Mupere

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Many acutely ill children in low- and middle-income settings have a high risk of mortality both during and after hospitalisation despite guideline-based care. Understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning mortality may suggest optimal pathways to target for interventions to further reduce mortality. The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network ( www.chainnnetwork.org) Nested Case-Cohort Study (CNCC) aims to investigate biological mechanisms leading to inpatient and post-discharge mortality through an integrated multi-omic approach.
Methods and analysis; The CNCC comprises a subset of participants from the CHAIN cohort (1278/3101 hospitalised participants, including 350 children who died and 658 survivors, and …

Patients’ Perceptions And Knowledge Of Source Isolation For Multi-Resistant Organisms In An Australian Metropolitan Hospital: A Bedside Interview With Questionnaire Study, Alison Smith, Gillian Ray-Barruel

Patient Experience Journal

The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and knowledge of source isolation among hospitalised patients colonised or infected with multi-resistant organisms, to identify if information provided and delivery method are helpful and appropriate, and to identify areas for practice improvements. Purposive sampling was conducted. Between November 2019 and January 2020, bedside interviews with structured questionnaires (combining multiple-choice and free-text questions) were conducted with adult in-patients requiring isolation for multi-resistant organisms in a 180-bed metropolitan hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Data analysis included quantifying multiple-choice responses and thematic analysis of free-text responses. Thirty participants completed the interview questionnaire. Lack of …

Outpatient Visit Modality And Parallel Patient Satisfaction: A Multi-Site Cohort Analysis Of Telemedicine And In-Person Visits During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicole J. Ploog, Jordan Coffey, Laurie Wilshusen, Bart Demaerschalk

Patient Experience Journal

Telemedicine approaches provide many benefits to patients across both primary and specialty care. Patient acceptance is imperative to successful telemedicine implementation. As telemedicine utilization continues to surge, it is imperative that healthcare organizations have a method for evaluating the patient experience with these types of visits. Previous studies on experience with telemedicine have focused on smaller patient populations with narrow inclusion criteria and limited geographical reach. This research described how patients’ satisfaction with video telemedicine-based visits varied based on patient characteristics and how they compare with in-person visits. We obtained and analyzed results from standardized patient experience surveys to compare …

Improving The Accuracy Of Interactive Voice Response (Ivr) Technology For Pediatric Experience Scores, Elizabeth Spaargaren Ms, Mph, Cpxp, Abigail Kozak Mba, Cpxp, Cara Herbener Cpxp, Barbara Lawlor Burke Ma, Cpxp

Patient Experience Journal

The increased use of interactive voice response (IVR) in assessing patient and family experience should be paired with evidence-based practices on how to obtain the most accurate information via this survey mode. We added a brief clarification sentence of the survey scale at the start of the IVR call to improve our experience data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our setting was an urban pediatric hospital. We gathered lived experiences from our patients, families, and providers to understand and design a change to the IVR survey mode that would reduce survey inaccuracies. Outcome measures were assessed by baseline measurement and post-intervention …

November 2, 2022 Greenmail, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

GreenMail (student newsletter through 2024)

No abstract provided.

Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach Update, November 2, 2022, Office Of Research, Economic Engagement And Outreach

Office of Research, Economic Engagement and Outreach

No abstract provided.

Modeling Airport Catchment Areas: Using Spatial Analysis Approach, Sitong Chen

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Th e airport catchment area is the geographic area from which an airport can reasonably expect to draw commercial air service passengers. Th e purpose of this interdisciplinary research is to estimate airport catchment areas using a spatial analysis method for informed airport management. In order to ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of the research, we chose to analyze the catchment areas for five airports of different sizes and in different geographic locations in the United States. The Huff model, which is usually used in marketing, economics, and retail research, was adopted in this study. We applied this model in …

Comparative Genomics Of Streptococcus Oralis Identifies Large Scale Homologous Recombination And A Genetic Variant Associated With Infection, Luke R. Joyce, Madison A. Youngblom, Harshini Cormaty, Evelyn Gartstein

Faculty and Student Publications

The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a large consortium of commensal streptococci that colonize the human body. Many species within this group are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE), yet little is known about why some strains cause invasive disease. Identification of virulence determinants is complicated by the difficulty of distinguishing between the closely related species of this group. Here, we analyzed genomic data from VGS that were isolated from blood cultures in patients with invasive infections and oral swabs of healthy volunteers and then determined the best-performing methods for species identification. Using whole-genome sequence data, we characterized …

Dynamics Of A Stochastic And Deterministic Sviqrs Cholera Epidemic Model, Fikru S. Tessema, Boka K. Bole, Purnachandra R. Koya

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In the present research paper, deterministic and the corresponding stochastic mathematical models describing the dynamics of cholera epidemic are presented by incorporating vaccination. The total population size of the model is divided into five compartments namely Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected, Quarantined for treatment and Recovered class. Initially, the cholera model is developed, and is determined by a deterministic approach. Since this deterministic approach is not considering either environmental factors or the randomness process of the dynamics, a corresponding stochastic approach has been introduced. The model equations of both deterministic and stochastic cases have been proved to be positive and also bounded. …

Dynamics Of A Stochastic And Deterministic Sviqrs Cholera Epidemic Model, Fikru S. Tessema, Boka K. Bole, Purnachandra R. Koya

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In the present research paper, deterministic and the corresponding stochastic mathematical models describing the dynamics of cholera epidemic are presented by incorporating vaccination. The total population size of the model is divided into five compartments namely Susceptible, Vaccinated, Infected, Quarantined for treatment and Recovered class. Initially, the cholera model is developed, and is determined by a deterministic approach. Since this deterministic approach is not considering either environmental factors or the randomness process of the dynamics, a corresponding stochastic approach has been introduced. The model equations of both deterministic and stochastic cases have been proved to be positive and also bounded. …

Virginia Journal Of Public Health Fall 2022

Virginia Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

Applying Lessons Learned: Nursing Facility Administrators’ Operational And Ethical Challenges During Covid-19, Mary Eleanor R. Wickersham

Journal of Health Ethics

Operational and ethical challenges for nursing homes across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic were daunting, that experience perhaps only a forecast of future epidemics that nursing home administrators and operators may face. This article describes administrator-identified challenges and focuses on how nursing homes might learn from their experiences by increasing flexibility to meet evolving needs, improving quality assurance and disaster planning, using ethics policies and ethical decision-making processes to work through difficult decisions, and leading the way in creating new policies that will make nursing home care safer and more appropriate for patients with ever changing needs.

Why Do The Police Reject Counseling? An Examination Of Necessary Changes To Police Subculture., Noel Otu, Ntiense E. Otu

Journal of Health Ethics

Abstract

This paper reviews the concept of police subculture and examines its role in the management and acceptance of treatment for stress-related injury. In particular, we examine the impact of stigma that attaches to treatment within this subculture. The persistence of the dominant police subculture remains a significant obstacle to officers seeking treatment for stress-related illnesses. The subculture has historically resisted acknowledging the need for treatment in response to the occupational and/or organizational stress-related injury that results from frequent exposure to work-related trauma. Many police administrators are still embedded within and resist changes to the subculture, which results in an …

Application Of Forensic Anthropology In Identification, Prateek Rastogi Dr.

Health collection

Identification is of paramount importance in medical as well as medicolegal field. Identification of living is required for settling civil and criminal disputes like marriage, inheritance, identifying the victim or accused of crimes. In dead, issues of identification assumes greater importance in decomposed, dismembered, mutilated or fragmentary remains. Proper identification in terms of age, race, gender, stature is must in such cases in order to progress further in investigations. Hence, research in forensic anthropology is a need of hour.

1. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104776254&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f
2. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063227602&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f
3. https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019194305&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f

Molecular Microbial Characterization, Kavitha S. Shettigar Dr.

Health collection

Meningitis causes significant morbidity and mortality in paediatrics and globally account for 180,000 deaths each year. In India, meningitis is the leading cause of mortality in children below five years of age and accounts to 22% of death. Current work is aimed to design a real time-PCR based method to identify and characterize the meningitis pathogens and provide an early, rapid and accurate diagnosis of meningitis as it carries high rate of mortality, especially with delay in diagnosis. In addition, our group is working on diabetic foot infection pathogens using molecular genotyping approaches of MLST, MLVA and ribosomal sequencing.

1. https://www.ijmyco.org/article.asp?issn=2212-5531;year=2022;volume=11;issue=1;spage=38;epage=46;aulast=Johnson …

2022-11-01_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/coronavirus-symptoms. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Discussing The Injustice Of The Covid-19 Vaccine Pass Imposed On Medical Consultation In Public Hospitals In Hong Kong, Fung Kei Cheng

Journal of Health Ethics

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated public health, economy and social life all over the world, especially wherever a vaccine pass scheme has been implemented. Many countries have begun to relax schedules to return to normal activities. In contrast, Hong Kong continues to tighten the utilisation of a vaccine pass for medical services in order to boost vaccination rates. Such a practice not only significantly challenges ethical and operative concerns but also threatens health equity and social justice for healthcare decision-makers and practitioners, consequently hurting public health and community well-being. This discussion analyses the various arguments, reviews vaccine hesitancy and suggests …

Rethinking Constitutionally Impermissible Punishment, Nadia Banteka, Erika Nyborg-Burch

Notre Dame Law Review Reflection

In this Essay, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected our understanding of constitutionally permissible punishment. We argue, first, that the protracted failure to act by those who have had authority to do so during this public health emergency created a high risk that incarcerated people would suffer severe illness—and even death—in violation of due process protections and the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. Second, we suggest that a changed understanding of public safety in the context of detention and release during public health emergencies has the potential to shift the framework even after the emergency …

Adjustment Of Refugees In Greece As A Social Identity Process: A Longitudinal Study, Angelos Panagiotopoulos, Irene Giovanetti, Vassilis Pavlopoulos

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Many refugees moving into Greece and other European countries often struggle to adjust to their new life. Over and above other factors, social isolation seems to be a major contributor in their poor adjustment outcomes, yet the underlying psychological mechanisms of their links are not well understood. Based on the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, we conceptualized refugees’ adjustment as a major life transition that depends on (i) the maintenance of existing pre-migratory group memberships (social identity continuity pathway), (ii) the development of new post-migratory social identities (social identity gain pathway), and (iii) the perceived compatibility between pre- and …

Clinical Impact Of Ceftriaxone Resistance In Escherichia Coli Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study, Pranita D. Tamma, Lauren Komarow, Lizhao Ge, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Erica S. Herc, Yohei Doi, Cesar A. Arias, Owen Albin, Elie Saade, Loren G. Miller, Jesse T. Jacob, Michael J. Satlin, Martin Krsak, W. Charles Huskins, Sorabh Dhar, Samuel A. Shelburne, Carol Hill, Keri R. Baum, Minal Bhojani, Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance, Suzannah M. Schmidt-Malan, Robin Patel, Scott R. Evans, Henry F. Chambers, Vance G. Fowler, David Van Duin

Infectious Diseases Articles

BACKGROUND: Ceftriaxone-resistant (CRO-R) Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common.

METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of patients with E coli BSI at 14 United States hospitals between November 2020 and April 2021. For each patient with a CRO-R E coli BSI enrolled, the next consecutive patient with a ceftriaxone-susceptible (CRO-S) E coli BSI was included. Primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) at day 30, with 50% probability of worse outcomes in the CRO-R group as the null hypothesis. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce confounding.

RESULTS: Notable differences between patients infected with CRO-R and CRO-S …

Herpes Simplex Virus Esophagitis As A Presentation Of Febrile Neutropenia: A Case Report, Sammy Droubi, Pinang Shastri, Nicholas Yared, Dalia Ibrahim, Hend Elsaghir

Infectious Diseases Articles

Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis typically manifests as mucocutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients, most frequently in organ and bone marrow transplant recipients. However, it has not been appropriately reported as a cause of febrile neutropenia despite being a relatively common opportunistic infection in this patient population. A 58-year-old man recently diagnosed with Ewing Sarcoma for which he was receiving chemotherapy presented with febrile neutropenia. Following a prolonged hospital course characterized by persistent fevers, an endoscopic evaluation was performed and diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus esophagitis was confirmed via histopathology. Prompt administration of acyclovir resulted in the complete resolution of the patient's …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 143), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

A Mixed-Methods Study Examining The Impact Of Incentivized Medical Insurance Premiums On Wellness Program Participation And Results At A Four-Year, Private, Midwestern University, Candace L. Terry

Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine the impact that incentivized medical insurance premium rates have on wellness plan participation and aggregate wellness results at a Midwestern private, four-year university. Leveraging the Health Belief Model, the researcher sought to compare aggregate wellness results and wellness program participation before and after the medical insurance premium incentive program was implemented. The researcher utilized Likert-scale questions followed by open-ended questions to gain insight into participants’ perceptions of the wellness incentive program. The quantitative portion of this study applied Thorndike’s theory of connecting “A specific response is connected to a specific stimulus …

Sunshine Laws Behind The Clouds: Limited Transparency In A Time Of National Emergency, Ira P. Robbins

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed the way citizens lived their lives, businesses operated, and governments functioned. With most people forced to stay home, the pandemic also disrupted how people received their news and other essential information. Public records and public meetings had to adapt to face the growing challenges in a locked-down world. While some governmental bodies were able to keep up with the threat that COVID-19 posed against transparency, others either failed to acclimate to the new normal or actively took advantage of the circumstances to limit how much the public knew not only about the crisis, but about …

Neutralizing Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma In Adults Hospitalized With Covid-19: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Wesley H. Self, Allison P. Wheeler, Thomas G. Stewart, Harry Schrager, Jason Mallada, Christopher B. Thomas, Vince D. Cataldo, Hollis R. O'Neal, Nathan I. Shapiro, Conor Higgins, Adit A. Ginde, Lakshmi Chauhan, Nicholas J. Johnson, Daniel J. Henning, Stuti J. Jaiswal, Manoj J. Mammen, Estelle S. Harris, Sonal R. Pannu, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Wissam El Atrouni, Marjolein De Wit, Daanish Hoda, Claudia S. Cohn, Carla Mcwilliams, Carl Shanholtz, Alan E. Jones, Simon Mucha, Tina S. Ipe, Xian Qiao, Stephen J. Schrantz, Aarthi Shenoy, Richard D Fremont, Eric J. Brady, Robert H. Carnahan, James D. Chappell, James E. Crowe, Mark R. Denison, Pavlo Gilchuk, Laura J. Stevens, Rachel E. Sutton, Isaac Thomsen, Sandra M. Yoder, Amanda J. Bistran-Hall, Jonathan D. Casey, Christopher J. Lindsell, Li Wang, Jill M. Pulley, Jillian P. Rhoads, Gordon R. Bernard, Todd W. Rice, Jay S. Raval

Pathology Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma has been one of the most common treatments for COVID-19, but most clinical trial data to date have not supported its efficacy.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Is rigorously selected COVID-19 convalescent plasma with neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies an efficacious treatment for adults hospitalized with COVID-19?

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial among adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory symptoms for < 14 days. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive one unit of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (n = 487) or placebo (n = 473). The primary outcome was clinical status (disease severity) 14 days following study infusion measured with a seven-category ordinal scale ranging from discharged from the hospital with resumption of normal activities (lowest score) to death (highest score). The primary outcome was analyzed with a multivariable ordinal regression model, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) < 1.0 indicating more favorable outcomes with convalescent plasma than with placebo. In secondary analyses, trial participants were stratified according to the presence of endogenous anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies ("serostatus") at randomization. The trial included 13 secondary efficacy outcomes, including 28-day mortality.

RESULTS: Among 974 randomized patients, 960 were included in the primary analysis. Clinical status on the ordinal outcome scale at 14 days did not differ between the convalescent plasma and placebo …

Bamlanivimab Use In A Military Treatment Facility, Eric Karr, Theodore Chung, Kathryn Burtson, Ronald J. Markert, Devin Kelly

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread across the world. As of April 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 140,000,000 and caused more than 3,000,000 deaths globally. In November 2020, the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab was approved by the FDA for non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) who possessed risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. This provided a treatment option that may help prevent hospitalization. Methods Patients who regularly received ambulatory care at a military treatment facility and who were …