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2022

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Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antifungal, And Hemagglutination Screening Of Quercus Agrifolia Nee Root Extracts, Abdul Wahab, Arshad Farid, Muhammad Muzammal Jun 2022

Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antifungal, And Hemagglutination Screening Of Quercus Agrifolia Nee Root Extracts, Abdul Wahab, Arshad Farid, Muhammad Muzammal

Makara Journal of Science

In the current study, the roots of Quercus agrifolia Nee were subjected to phytochemical analysis to determine the presence of various compound groups. To explore the effect of Quercus agrifolia Nee roots, we evaluated four solvent extracts, namely, crude ethanolic extract (CEE), n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc), for their antibacterial, antifungal, and hemagglutination activities. Agar well diffusion and agar tube dilution methods were used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal effects, respectively, and hemagglutination activity was measured against human erythrocyte blood groups. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the solvent extracts of Quercus agrifolia Nee roots …

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Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe Jun 2022

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Makara Journal of Science

Jatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity. However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin and α-tocopherol …

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Improved Guidelines Of Indoor Airborne Transmission Taking Into Account Departure From The Well-Mixed Assumption, Jorge S. Salinas, K. A. Krishnaprasad, ‪Nadim Zgheib, S. Balachandar Jun 2022

Improved Guidelines Of Indoor Airborne Transmission Taking Into Account Departure From The Well-Mixed Assumption, Jorge S. Salinas, K. A. Krishnaprasad, ‪Nadim Zgheib, S. Balachandar

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The well-mixed assumption has been widely used in predicting the spread of infectious diseases in indoor spaces. It is to be expected that a perfect well-mixed state will not be achieved in an indoor space at any reasonable level of ventilation. This work evaluates the well-mixed assumption by comparing the theory with results from large eddy simulations. The robustness of the well-mixed theory is established by comparing at four different levels. The comparison also points out systematic departures in pathogen concentration which can be accurately accounted for with an easily implementable correction factor to quantities such as cumulative exposure time. …

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A Mathematical Model And Sensitivity Analysis Of Lassa Fever With Relapse And Reinfection Rate, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Olukayode Adebimpe, Waheed O Lawal, Joshua O Agbomola Jun 2022

A Mathematical Model And Sensitivity Analysis Of Lassa Fever With Relapse And Reinfection Rate, Latifat M Erinle-Ibrahim, Olukayode Adebimpe, Waheed O Lawal, Joshua O Agbomola

Tanzania Journal of Science

In this research paper, we depict an unprecedented four-dimensional ordinary differential equation modeling the dynamic transmission of the Lassa fever virus incorporating relapse and reinfection rate. Recent studies showed that the recovered individuals from Lassa fever can again be susceptible; which contradicted the common assumptions made by different researchers on modeling of Lassa fever. So, this article corrects and states the implications of the assumptions on the population density. The numerical simulations unveil the effect of relapse, reinfection, and treatment rate in the affected population. Performing sensitivity analysis suggests all new incorporated parameters can impact the infection dynamics substantially. The …

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Mathematical Model Of Covid-19 Transmission Dynamics With Double Dose Vaccination, Tawakalt A Ayoola, Mutairu K Kolawole, Amos O Popoola Jun 2022

Mathematical Model Of Covid-19 Transmission Dynamics With Double Dose Vaccination, Tawakalt A Ayoola, Mutairu K Kolawole, Amos O Popoola

Tanzania Journal of Science

This research attempted to investigate the effects of double dose vaccination in a non-linear mathematical model of Covid-19 infections with special compartments class termed first and second dose vaccination. The basic reproduction number was obtained, the stability of the model was analyzed, and the sensitivity analysis was also carried out. Of interest is the numerical simulation of the model where the impacts of contact rate, first and second dose vaccination were studied. The obtained results recommended how to control the corona virus keeping in mind the contact rate and vaccination. Keywords:   Covid-19, Double dose Vaccination, Basic Reproduction Number, Global Stability

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Complete Remission Of Hodgkin Lymphoma After A Concurrent Infection With Covid-19: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nasser Ghaly Yousif, Kari Chetterje Jun 2022

Complete Remission Of Hodgkin Lymphoma After A Concurrent Infection With Covid-19: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Nasser Ghaly Yousif, Kari Chetterje

Muthanna Medical Journal

Through December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and has since rapidly spread throughout China. Hodgkin lymphoma represents a heterogeneous hematological malignancy, which is characterized by immunosuppression. There are no clearly defined risk factors for the development of this disease and the cause of remains unknown. Factors shown to be associated with Hodgkin include familial factors, viral exposures, and immune suppression. An electronic search was performed to identify all studies reporting on the management of Hodgkin lymphoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched on October 30th, 2019, to January 30th. 2022. The …

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Bacterial Coinfection In Individual With Covid-19, Haifaa B. Najee Jun 2022

Bacterial Coinfection In Individual With Covid-19, Haifaa B. Najee

Muthanna Medical Journal

The novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has traumatized the whole world with the ongoing devastating pandemic. A plethora of microbial domains including viruses (other than SARS-CoV-2), bacteria, archaea and fungi have evolved together, and interact in complex molecular pathogenesis along with SARS-CoV-2. However, the involvement of other microbial co-pathogens and underlying molecular mechanisms leading to extortionate ailment in critically ill COVID-19 patients has yet not been extensively reviewed. Although, the incidence of co-infections could be up to 94.2% in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, the fate of co-infections among SARS-CoV-2 infected hosts often …

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Viral Infections In Pakistan: Prevalence, Factors Affecting Spread, And Recommendations For Control, Zehra Naseem, Maaha Ayub, Sharaf Ali Shah, Syed Asad Ali, Syed Hani Abidi Jun 2022

Viral Infections In Pakistan: Prevalence, Factors Affecting Spread, And Recommendations For Control, Zehra Naseem, Maaha Ayub, Sharaf Ali Shah, Syed Asad Ali, Syed Hani Abidi

Medical College Documents

Pakistan is endemic to a number of viral infections, owing to its humid climate, topographical variation, soaring population, and lack of education and awareness. These viruses may have several different modes of transmission, including respiratory or airborne transmission, sexual transmission, blood-borne, fecal-oral transmission, vector-borne transmission, and transmission following an organ transplant. Although several different microorganisms are responsible for causing these infections, a few viruses are found more commonly in Pakistan and are primarily responsible for causing infections. In this study, we present a review of the most recent studies on different viruses, transmitted through various transmission routes, found commonly in …

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Stigma And Solidarity Among Covid-19 Patients In The Philippines, Jaye Bekema Jun 2022

Stigma And Solidarity Among Covid-19 Patients In The Philippines, Jaye Bekema

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Pandemic management strategies often reinforce the trope of the uncooperative and disease-spreading poor; they who are to be blamed for transmission and therefore must be subdued to protect the population. Although counternarratives to this proposition seek to explain from the lens of political economy why people who are poor behave the way they do, they do not, at the bottom, assail the central idea that the poor behave in ways inconsistent with the aims of public health. The interrogation of this central idea is what this research aims to contribute towards using original data from interviews with 21 COVID-19 survivors …

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Predictors Of Intention To Vaccinate For Covid-19 In The Philippines: Do Trust In Government And Trust In Vaccines Really Matter?, Melvin A. Jabar, Ador R. Torneo, Luis F. Razon, John Benedict Felices, Hazel Ann Marie R. Duya Jun 2022

Predictors Of Intention To Vaccinate For Covid-19 In The Philippines: Do Trust In Government And Trust In Vaccines Really Matter?, Melvin A. Jabar, Ador R. Torneo, Luis F. Razon, John Benedict Felices, Hazel Ann Marie R. Duya

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

This paper interrogates the influence of trust in government, trust in vaccines, and access to vaccine-related information as predictors of intention to vaccinate for COVID-19 among Filipinos. It also examines the relationship between social- and personal-related measures and the intention to vaccinate. Data for this article were collected from an online survey involving 1,953 respondents, conducted from July 28 to August 2020 before the trials were completed and emergency use authorizations were issued for any of the currently approved COVID-19 vaccines. Multinomial regression results show that trust in vaccines, sex, income, perceived risk exposure, and perceived health status were significant …

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Determination Of Factors That Contribute To The Prevalence Of Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years Of Age In Association With The Status Of Drinking Water Sources At Bububu, Zanzibar, Wahida M. Ali, Emmanuel S. Kigadye Jun 2022

Determination Of Factors That Contribute To The Prevalence Of Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years Of Age In Association With The Status Of Drinking Water Sources At Bububu, Zanzibar, Wahida M. Ali, Emmanuel S. Kigadye

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study aimed to determine the contributing factors for diarrhoea prevalence among children under-five years at Bububu, Zanzibar. The study applied a cross-sectional research design that used quantitative methods. Data were collected from 97 mothers/caregivers of the children. Structured questionnaires were used for assessing socio-economic factors contributing to diarrhoea. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the quality of drinking water sources. Most Probable Number (MPN) count per 100 ml was measured from drinking water sources. Multivariate logistic analysis was computed to assess independent factors of childhood diarrhoea. The prevalence of diarrhoea was significantly associated with; the caregiver’s level of …

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Update In Laboratory Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infection, Weny Rinawati, Diana Aulia Jun 2022

Update In Laboratory Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infection, Weny Rinawati, Diana Aulia

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by the entry of pathogens into the urinary tract. Symptoms of a UTI are not always obvious, and some are asymptomatic or atypical. Urinary tract infections must be distinguished from other diseases that have a similar clinical appearance. Many UTIs resolve spontaneously, but often cause significant morbidity and mortality. With the unpredictable nature of the disease, laboratory tests are required for accurate diagnosis and identification of the cause of infection. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interpretation and limitations of urinalysis and urine culture results. To assist in the diagnosis of …

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Bioactive Curcumin And Its Effects On Lowering Systemic Inflammation As Measured By Crp: A Systematic Review, Lauren A. Katakowski, Susan Hewlings Jun 2022

Bioactive Curcumin And Its Effects On Lowering Systemic Inflammation As Measured By Crp: A Systematic Review, Lauren A. Katakowski, Susan Hewlings

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate evidence supporting curcumin lowering the systemic inflammatory marker, CRP in humans. Methods: A systematic literature search was completed using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Results: After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies were evaluated, and the percent change of CRP blood levels was calculated and analyzed. Results: The results for these studies show strong statistical significance for the C3 complex with Bioperine and nano curcumin. Bioactive curcumin exhibits a higher percent decrease of blood level CRP than trials using only curcumin or turmeric. Conclusion: Overall bioactive curcumin/ curcumin with Bioperine …

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Attitudes Toward Covid-19 Vaccination Among Occupational Therapy Professionals And Students In Early 2021, Stephen A. Cage, Brandon J. Warner, Diana M. Gallegos, Heidi M. Cage, Diane P. Brown Phd, Otr Jun 2022

Attitudes Toward Covid-19 Vaccination Among Occupational Therapy Professionals And Students In Early 2021, Stephen A. Cage, Brandon J. Warner, Diana M. Gallegos, Heidi M. Cage, Diane P. Brown Phd, Otr

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: After the widespread transmission of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, the first COVID-19 vaccination received emergency use authorization in the United States in December of 2020. Current research has shown the authorized COVID-19 vaccines to be safe and effective at preventing severe illness. At the time of this study, there appears to be no published research on the attitudes and receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among occupational therapy professionals and students. The purpose of this study is to describe the attitudes and receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among occupational therapy professionals and students in early 2021. Methods: A total of …

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Increasing The Resilience Of Plant Immunity To A Warming Climate, Jong Hum Kim, Christian Castroverde, Shuai Huang, Chao Li, Richard Hilleary, Adam Seroka, Reza Sohrabi, Diana Medina-Yerena, Bethany Huot, Jie Wang, Sharon Marr, Mary Wildermuth, Tao Chen, John Macmicking, Sheng Yang He Jun 2022

Increasing The Resilience Of Plant Immunity To A Warming Climate, Jong Hum Kim, Christian Castroverde, Shuai Huang, Chao Li, Richard Hilleary, Adam Seroka, Reza Sohrabi, Diana Medina-Yerena, Bethany Huot, Jie Wang, Sharon Marr, Mary Wildermuth, Tao Chen, John Macmicking, Sheng Yang He

Biology Faculty Publications

Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid (SA), a central plant defence hormone, is particularly vulnerable to suppression by short periods of hot weather above the normal plant growth temperature range via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that suppression of SA production in Arabidopsis thaliana at 28 °C is independent of PHYTOCHROME B (phyB) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), which regulate thermo-responsive plant growth and development. Instead, we found that formation of GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3 (GBPL3) defence-activated biomolecular condensates (GDACs) …

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Consequences Of Microsporidian Prior Exposure For Virus Infection Outcomes And Bumble Bee Host Health, Elyse Christine Mccormick Jun 2022

Consequences Of Microsporidian Prior Exposure For Virus Infection Outcomes And Bumble Bee Host Health, Elyse Christine Mccormick

Theses and Dissertations

Host-parasite interactions do not occur in a vacuum, but in connected multi-parasite networks. Resulting co-exposures and coinfections during an individual host’s lifetime can affect host health and infectious disease ecology, including disease outbreaks. However, many host-parasite studies examine pairwise interactions, meaning we still lack a general understanding of the influence of co-exposures and coinfections. Using the bumble bee Bombus impatiens, we study the effects of larval exposure to a microsporidian Nosema bombi, implicated in bumble bee declines, and adult exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), an emerging infectious disease from honey bee parasite spillover. We hypothesize that infection outcomes …

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Worsening Glycemia Increases The Odds Of Intermittent But Not Persistent Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Two Cohorts Of Mexican American Adults, Heather T Essigmann, Craig L Hanis, Stacia M Desantis, William B Perkison, David A Aguilar, Goo Jun, D Ashley Robinson, Eric L Brown Jun 2022

Worsening Glycemia Increases The Odds Of Intermittent But Not Persistent Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Carriage In Two Cohorts Of Mexican American Adults, Heather T Essigmann, Craig L Hanis, Stacia M Desantis, William B Perkison, David A Aguilar, Goo Jun, D Ashley Robinson, Eric L Brown

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Numerous host and environmental factors contribute to persistent and intermittent nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in humans. The effects of worsening glycemia on the odds of S. aureus intermittent and persistent nasal carriage was established in two cohorts from an adult Mexican American population living in Starr County, Texas. The anterior nares were sampled at two time points and the presence of S. aureus determined by laboratory culture and

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Paris And Sparta: Finding The Achilles' Heel Of Sars-Cov-2, Viviana Simon, Ali H Ellebedy, Et Al Jun 2022

Paris And Sparta: Finding The Achilles' Heel Of Sars-Cov-2, Viviana Simon, Ali H Ellebedy, Et Al

Open Access Publications

To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators.

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Presence Of Blaper-1 And Blaveb-1 Beta-Lactamase Genes Among Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Burn And Trauma Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, Suleman Khan, Samiyah Tasleem, Alfarah Rehmat Ullah,, Sarwat Moon, Saad Alghamdi, Raina Saad Suliman, Muhammad Ateeq, Muhmmad Salman, Anas S. Dablool,, Banan Atwah, Farkad Bantun Jun 2022

Presence Of Blaper-1 And Blaveb-1 Beta-Lactamase Genes Among Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Burn And Trauma Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, Suleman Khan, Samiyah Tasleem, Alfarah Rehmat Ullah,, Sarwat Moon, Saad Alghamdi, Raina Saad Suliman, Muhammad Ateeq, Muhmmad Salman, Anas S. Dablool,, Banan Atwah, Farkad Bantun

Journal of Bioresource Management

Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp are the most prevalent bacteria that cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. Most antibiotics, including novel new β-lactams, are already resistant to them, and they can become resistant during treatment, which can make the treatment fail. P. aeruginosa isolates from ICU patients who had Per-1 and VEB-1 were the main focus of this study. These two ESBLs are the two most common in ICU patients who had them. 50 isolates were gathered from Peshawar's LRH ICU facilities in the year 2021. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's standards (CLSI). …

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Detection Of Bourbon Virus-Specific Serum Neutralizing Antibodies In Human Serum In Missouri, Usa, Gayan Bamunuarachchi, Houda Harastani, Paul W Rothlauf, Ya-Nan Dai, Ali Ellebedy, Daved Fremont, Sean P J Whelan, David Wang, Adrianus C M Boon Jun 2022

Detection Of Bourbon Virus-Specific Serum Neutralizing Antibodies In Human Serum In Missouri, Usa, Gayan Bamunuarachchi, Houda Harastani, Paul W Rothlauf, Ya-Nan Dai, Ali Ellebedy, Daved Fremont, Sean P J Whelan, David Wang, Adrianus C M Boon

Open Access Publications

Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first discovered in 2014 in a fatal human case. Since then it has been detected in the tick Amblyomma americanum in the states of Missouri and Kansas in the United States. Despite the high prevalence of BRBV in ticks in these states, very few human cases have been reported, and the true infection burden of BRBV in the community is unknown. Here, we developed two virus neutralization assays, a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-BRBV pseudotyped rapid assay and a BRBV focus reduction neutralization assay, to assess the seroprevalence of BRBV neutralizing antibodies in human sera collected in …

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Selective Whole-Genome Amplification As A Tool To Enrich Specimens With Low Treponema Pallidum Genomic Dna Copies For Whole-Genome Sequencing, Charles M Thurlow, Sandeep J Joseph, Lilia Ganova-Raeva, Samantha S Katz, Lara Pereira, Cheng Chen, Alyssa Debra, Kendra Vilfort, Kimberly Workowski, Stephanie E Cohen, Hilary Reno, Yongcheng Sun, Mark Burroughs, Mili Sheth, Kai-Hua Chi, Damien Danavall, Susan S Philip, Weiping Cao, Ellen N Kersh, Allan Pillay Jun 2022

Selective Whole-Genome Amplification As A Tool To Enrich Specimens With Low Treponema Pallidum Genomic Dna Copies For Whole-Genome Sequencing, Charles M Thurlow, Sandeep J Joseph, Lilia Ganova-Raeva, Samantha S Katz, Lara Pereira, Cheng Chen, Alyssa Debra, Kendra Vilfort, Kimberly Workowski, Stephanie E Cohen, Hilary Reno, Yongcheng Sun, Mark Burroughs, Mili Sheth, Kai-Hua Chi, Damien Danavall, Susan S Philip, Weiping Cao, Ellen N Kersh, Allan Pillay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Downstream next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the syphilis spirochete Treponema pallidum subspecies

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Transcriptional And Translational Dynamics Of Zika And Dengue Virus Infection., Kamini Singh, Maria Guadalupe Martinez, Jianan Lin, James Gregory, Trang Uyen Nguyen, Rawan Abdelaal, Kristy Kang, Kristen Brennand, Arnold Grünweller, Zhengqing Ouyang, Hemali Phatnani, Margaret Kielian, Hans-Guido Wendel Jun 2022

Transcriptional And Translational Dynamics Of Zika And Dengue Virus Infection., Kamini Singh, Maria Guadalupe Martinez, Jianan Lin, James Gregory, Trang Uyen Nguyen, Rawan Abdelaal, Kristy Kang, Kristen Brennand, Arnold Grünweller, Zhengqing Ouyang, Hemali Phatnani, Margaret Kielian, Hans-Guido Wendel

Faculty Research 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are members of the Flaviviridae family of RNA viruses and cause severe disease in humans. ZIKV and DENV share over 90% of their genome sequences, however, the clinical features of Zika and dengue infections are very different reflecting tropism and cellular effects. Here, we used simultaneous RNA sequencing and ribosome footprinting to define the transcriptional and translational dynamics of ZIKV and DENV infection in human neuronal progenitor cells (hNPCs). The gene expression data showed induction of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS) and the translation activating PIM1 kinase, indicating an increase in RNA translation capacity. …

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Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 125), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College Jun 2022

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 125), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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June 28, 2022 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham Jun 2022

June 28, 2022 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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Mental Illness, Substance Use, And Co-Occurring Disorders Among Jail Inmates: Prevalence, Recidivism, And Gender Differences, Nicky Dalbir, Emily M. Wright, Benjamin Steiner Jun 2022

Mental Illness, Substance Use, And Co-Occurring Disorders Among Jail Inmates: Prevalence, Recidivism, And Gender Differences, Nicky Dalbir, Emily M. Wright, Benjamin Steiner

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Mental illnesses, substance use, and their co-occurrence are significant predictors of maladaptive outcomes such as aggression, criminal behavior, and recidivism. These problems are theorized to be more prevalent and problematic among female inmates than male inmates and may be more relevant in jail settings. However, few studies have examined the relationship between these factors, including gender differences among the jail population. This study seeks to fill these gaps by examining – a) the prevalence of these problems, b) their effects on recidivism, and c) gender differences in these relationships – among jail inmates. Results indicate that mental illness significantly increased …

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Human Metapneumovirus Phosphoprotein Independently Drives Phase Separation And Recruits Nucleoprotein To Liquid-Like Bodies, Kerri Beth Boggs, Kearstin Edmonds, Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz, Farah El Najjar, Conny Ossandón, Mckenna Roe, Chao Wu, Carole L Moncman, Trevor P Creamer, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Daisy W Leung, Rebecca Ellis Dutch Jun 2022

Human Metapneumovirus Phosphoprotein Independently Drives Phase Separation And Recruits Nucleoprotein To Liquid-Like Bodies, Kerri Beth Boggs, Kearstin Edmonds, Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz, Farah El Najjar, Conny Ossandón, Mckenna Roe, Chao Wu, Carole L Moncman, Trevor P Creamer, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Daisy W Leung, Rebecca Ellis Dutch

Open Access Publications

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) inclusion bodies (IBs) are dynamic structures required for efficient viral replication and transcription. The minimum components needed to form IB-like structures in cells are the nucleoprotein (N) and the tetrameric phosphoprotein (P). HMPV P binds to the following two versions of the N protein in infected cells: N-terminal P residues interact with monomeric N (N

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The Translational Landscape Of Sars-Cov-2-Infected Cells Reveals Suppression Of Innate Immune Genes, Maritza Puray-Chavez, Nakyung Lee, Kasyap Tenneti, Yiqing Wang, Hung R Vuong, Yating Liu, Amjad Horani, Tao Huang, Sean P Gunsten, James B Case, Wei Yang, Michael S Diamond, Steven L Brody, Joseph Dougherty, Sebla B Kutluay Jun 2022

The Translational Landscape Of Sars-Cov-2-Infected Cells Reveals Suppression Of Innate Immune Genes, Maritza Puray-Chavez, Nakyung Lee, Kasyap Tenneti, Yiqing Wang, Hung R Vuong, Yating Liu, Amjad Horani, Tao Huang, Sean P Gunsten, James B Case, Wei Yang, Michael S Diamond, Steven L Brody, Joseph Dougherty, Sebla B Kutluay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes a number of strategies to modulate viral and host mRNA translation. Here, we used ribosome profiling in SARS-CoV-2-infected model cell lines and primary airway cells grown at an air-liquid interface to gain a deeper understanding of the translationally regulated events in response to virus replication. We found that SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs dominate the cellular mRNA pool but are not more efficiently translated than cellular mRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 utilized a highly efficient ribosomal frameshifting strategy despite notable accumulation of ribosomes within the slippery sequence on the frameshifting element. In a highly permissive cell line model, …

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Structure Of A Vaccine-Induced, Germline-Encoded Human Antibody Defines A Neutralizing Epitope On The Sars-Cov-2 Spike N-Terminal Domain, Clara G Altomare, Daniel C Adelsberg, Juan Manuel Carreno, Iden A Sapse, Fatima Amanat, Ali H Ellebedy, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Goran Bajic Jun 2022

Structure Of A Vaccine-Induced, Germline-Encoded Human Antibody Defines A Neutralizing Epitope On The Sars-Cov-2 Spike N-Terminal Domain, Clara G Altomare, Daniel C Adelsberg, Juan Manuel Carreno, Iden A Sapse, Fatima Amanat, Ali H Ellebedy, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Goran Bajic

Open Access Publications

Structural characterization of infection- and vaccination-elicited antibodies in complex with antigen provides insight into the evolutionary arms race between the host and the pathogen and informs rational vaccine immunogen design. We isolated a germ line-encoded monoclonal antibody (mAb) from plasmablasts activated upon mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and determined its structure in complex with the spike glycoprotein by electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). We show that the mAb engages a previously uncharacterized neutralizing epitope on the spike N-terminal domain (NTD). The high-resolution structure reveals details of the intermolecular interactions and shows that the mAb inserts its heavy …

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Investigating The Role Of Amyloid Beta Peptides In Inflammation And Alzheimer’S Disease Pathogenesis, Nguyen Le Jun 2022

Investigating The Role Of Amyloid Beta Peptides In Inflammation And Alzheimer’S Disease Pathogenesis, Nguyen Le

Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe memory decline and cognitive impairments. In AD patients’ brains, aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, called amyloid plaques, are hypothesized to trigger innate immune responses that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrated that an increased level of Aβ protected the host against pathogen infections. Using Drosophila as a model organism, our preliminary data showed that the loss of the Drosophila APP homolog, APPL, led to immune deficits against parasite infection, and that overexpression of Drosophila Aβ produced an inflammatory phenotype. These findings suggested that Aβ might be required …

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Gain-Of-Signal Assays For Probing Inhibition Of Sars-Cov-2 Mpro/3clpro In Living Cells, Seyed Arad Moghadasi, Morgan A Esler, Yuka Otsuka, Jordan T Becker, Sofia N Moraes, Constance B Anderson, Srinivas Chamakuri, Christopher Belica, Chloe Wick, Daniel A Harki, Damian W Young, Louis Scampavia, Timothy P Spicer, Ke Shi, Hideki Aihara, William L Brown, Reuben S Harris Jun 2022

Gain-Of-Signal Assays For Probing Inhibition Of Sars-Cov-2 Mpro/3clpro In Living Cells, Seyed Arad Moghadasi, Morgan A Esler, Yuka Otsuka, Jordan T Becker, Sofia N Moraes, Constance B Anderson, Srinivas Chamakuri, Christopher Belica, Chloe Wick, Daniel A Harki, Damian W Young, Louis Scampavia, Timothy P Spicer, Ke Shi, Hideki Aihara, William L Brown, Reuben S Harris

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The main protease, Mpro, of SARS-CoV-2 is required to cleave the viral polyprotein into precise functional units for virus replication and pathogenesis. Here, we report quantitative reporters for Mpro function in living cells in which protease inhibition by genetic or chemical methods results in robust signal readouts by fluorescence (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP]) or bioluminescence (firefly luciferase). These gain-of-signal systems are scalable to high-throughput platforms for quantitative discrimination between Mpro mutants and/or inhibitor potencies as evidenced by validation of several reported inhibitors. Additional utility is shown by single Mpro amino acid variants and structural information combining to demonstrate that …

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