Digital Commons Network^™

Stress Amelioration And Anti-Inflammatory Potential Of Shiikuwasha (Citrus Depressa Hayata) Essential Oil, Limonene, And Γ-Terpinene, Yonathan Asikin, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Hironori Iwasaki, Hirosuke Oku, Koji Wada

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) essential oil (SEO) extracted from Shiikuwasha fruit pulp contains two major volatile components, limonene and γ-terpinene (56.56–57.31 and 24.41–24.98%, respectively). In this study, we showed that the aroma streams of SEO, limonene, and γ-terpinene exhibited significant physiological stress amelioration effects in nine healthy female panelists tested in a 30-min visual display task. While SEO administration significantly reduced work errors by 15 min compared to the odorless control condition, the limonene stream reduced work errors only at the first and fourth 5-min intervals, and the γ-terpinene effect lasted only for the initial 5-min. However, γ-terpinene inhalation …

Exploring The Relationship Between Metabolite Composition And The Cold/Hot Properties Ascribed In Traditional Chinese Medicine By Mass Spectral Molecular Networking–A Pilot Study, Chun-Han Su, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Kuei-Hung Lai, Yu-Chia Chang, Chi-Hui Sun, Po-Wen Tu, Ching-Chih Lin, Tsong-Long Hwang, Yu-Liang Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied to improve human health for millennia. In the TCM system, “medicinal property” (yao xing; hot and cold properties) is a core concept used to describe the influences of medicinal materials on human physiological conditions, and metabolites are believed to be one of the major ingredients of TCMs that affect their medicinal property. However, due to a lack of comprehensive analyses of TCM metabolomes, information about the relationships between TCM metabolite composition and medicinal property remains limited. In this pilot study, a mass spectral molecular networking-based platform was established and applied to …

Serpinb3 Drives Cancer Stem Cell Survival In Glioblastoma, Manmeet Ahluwalia

All Publications

Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced …

Serpinb3 Drives Cancer Stem Cell Survival In Glioblastoma, Adam Lauko, Josephine Volovetz, Soumya M Turaga, Defne Bayik, Daniel J Silver, Kelly Mitchell, Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert, Dionysios C Watson, Kiran Desai, Manav Midha, Jing Hao, Kathleen Mccortney, Alicia Steffens, Ulhas Naik, Manmeet S Ahluwalia, Shideng Bao, Craig Horbinski, Jennifer S Yu, Justin D Lathia

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced …

Physiological Responses To Speed-Matched Running On Non-Motorized Assault Airrunner Versus Traditional Treadmills In Active Females: A Pilot Study, Noelle Morrow, Kayla Mitchell, Hannah Weighart, Diana Alonzo, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 1262-1273, 2022. Treadmills are utilized as a training tool to improve aerobic fitness, but precise understanding of intensity and the corresponding physiological strain is critical for optimizing exercise prescription and associated adaptations. Running on non-motorized, curved treadmills may result in greater oxygen uptake (VO₂), increased heart rate (HR), and increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to traditional motorized treadmills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses on non-motorized versus traditional motorized treadmills during speed-matched running. Participants were 4 college-aged, recreationally active females. HR, VO₂, respiratory …

Can Body Mass Index Influence The Skin Temperature Of Adolescents? A Preliminary Study With The Use Of Infrared Thermography, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira Reis, Ciro José Brito, Alisson Gomes Da Silva, Manuel Sillero-Quintana, Victória Esther Teixeria Reis, Francisco Zacaron Werneck, Ismael Fernández-Cuevas, Matheus Santos Cerqueira, João Carlos Bouzas Marins

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

– Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used to assess skin temperature (Tsk), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as an important tool in medical screening not only of the general population, but also of young athletes. However, the subcutaneous adipose tissue can act as an insulator when the Tsk is assessed by IRT, modifying the normal Tsk data and leading to their misinterpretation. Considering that the body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of obesity, the objective of this study was to verify if the Tsk measured by IRT is affected by the BMI in adolescents. A preliminary study was …

Drosophila Melanogaster As A Model For Male Reproductive System Ethanol Toxicity, Gbemisola Ilelaboye

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used in different types of research as a model organism due to its high reproductivity, short life span, and easy maintenance. In this paper, we examined drosophila as a model for ethanol toxicity in the male reproductive system. We developed three assays: The DAPI assay, sperm viability assay, and tubulin staining assay. The DAPI assay is a nuclear staining assay that assesses the effects of various ethanol concentrations in late spermiogenesis in which increased detrimental effects to the sperm bundles were observed. The second assay consisted of the sperm viability assay which showed an increase …

Promoting Validation And Cross-Phylogenetic Integration In Model Organism Research., Keith C Cheng, Rebecca D Burdine, Mary E Dickinson, Stephen C Ekker, Alex Y Lin, K C Kent Lloyd, Cathleen Lutz, Calum A Macrae, John H Morrison, David H O'Connor, John H Postlethwait, Crystal D Rogers, Susan Sanchez, Julie H Simpson, William S Talbot, Douglas C Wallace, Jill M Weimer, Hugo J Bellen

Faculty Research 2022

Model organism (MO) research provides a basic understanding of biology and disease due to the evolutionary conservation of the molecular and cellular language of life. MOs have been used to identify and understand the function of orthologous genes, proteins, cells and tissues involved in biological processes, to develop and evaluate techniques and methods, and to perform whole-organism-based chemical screens to test drug efficacy and toxicity. However, a growing richness of datasets and the rising power of computation raise an important question: How do we maximize the value of MOs? In-depth discussions in over 50 virtual presentations organized by the National …

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using St. John's Wort As A Treatment For Depression, Johanna S. Canenguez Benitez, Tabata E. Hernandez, Ramaswamy Sundararajan, Sarosh Sarwar, Angel J. Arriaga, Asma T. Khan, Andrea Matayoshi, Herbert A. Quintanilla, Hansini Kochhar, Mehwish Alam, Arpit Mago, Aakash Hans, Guadalupe A. Benitez

Internal Medicine Articles

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: St. John's wort (SJW) extracts are currently being used to treat depression of various degrees of severity. While many studies have shown it to be superior to placebo, data regarding the effectiveness of using SJW as a stand-alone treatment compared with standard antidepressants has yet to be proven conclusively. This study aims to understand the advantages and disadvantages of SJW as a treatment modality for depression.

METHODS: The authors searched PubMed, JAMA network, Springer Link, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scientific Progress databases, from 2011 through August 2021, using the following keywords: St John's wort, Hypericum perforatum, depression, …

Cerebrovascular Impairment As A Potential Target For Neuromodulation Therapy In Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Naomi L. Gaggi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The main purpose of this dissertation is to characterize noninvasive neuroimaging biomarkers of neurovascular injury in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) as potential treatment targets for neuromodulation therapy. In Chapter 1, I aim to introduce msTBI and two known sequelae of neurovascular damage in msTBI: reduced cerebral blood flow (Ware et al., 2020; Julliene et al., 2016) and altered low frequency fluctuations in blood oxygen level-dependent signal (Zhou et al., 2021; Palacios et al., 2013). Chapter 2 aims to identify the regional pattern of altered resting cerebral blood flow from a cohort of 29 patients with msTBI assessed at 3, …

Light4health Elearning Course: Health Research For Interior Lighting Design. Re-Thinking Design Approaches Based On Science, K. M. Zielinska-Dabkowska, Lyn Godley, F. Kyriakidou, U. C. Besenecker, G. Triantafyllidis

Kanbar College Faculty Papers

This paper presents the results of 'Light4Health' (L4H), a three-year EU Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership grant project (2019-2021), which investigated, systematized and taught health-related research on the impact of natural and artificial light on human health and well-being relevant to indoor lighting design. The objective was to re-think evidence-based lighting design approaches for residential, working/educational, and healthcare spaces, in order to develop a novel cross-disciplinary eLearning platform, that intersects lighting design and current peer-reviewed health research through a select combination of the most relevant research, methods, and tools. The content was developed through teaching workshops with international researchers, teachers, and students. …

Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With Excess Weight: Weight Trajectory Effects, Arthur H Owora, David B Allison, Xuan Zhang, Nana Gletsu-Miller, Kishore M Gadde

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) among individuals with overweight or obesity is well-established; however, questions remain about the temporal dynamics of weight change (gain or loss) on the natural course of T2D in this at-risk population. Existing epidemiologic evidence is limited to studies that discretely sample and assess excess weight and T2D risk at different ages with limited follow-up, yet changes in weight may have time-varying and possibly non-linear effects on T2D risk. Predicting the impact of weight change on the risk of T2D is key to informing primary prevention. We critically review the …

Long Nineteenth Century Ephemera, J Gregory

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions Of Problem-Based Learning For Developing Their Mathematics Teaching Pedagogy, David A. Martin, Romina Jamieson-Proctor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The study reported in this paper was part of a larger study that explored pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of a problem-based learning (PBL) teaching approach for developing their mathematics pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and their ability to enact their PCK in a tertiary mathematics education subject. This paper reports the qualitative semi-structured interviews used to capture the student voice with respect to the impact of the PBL approach used on the development of their mathematics PCK in comparison to their previous experiences with teacher-directed instruction. Overall, responses from the interviews revealed the pre-service teachers considered the PBL method …

Comorbidity Of Novel Crhr2 Gene Variants In Type 2 Diabetes And Depression, Mutaz Amin, Jurg Ott, Derek Gordon, Rongling Wu, Teodor T Postolache, Michael Vergare, Claudia Gragnoli

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

The corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) gene encodes CRHR2, contributing to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response and to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. CRHR2-/- mice are hypersensitive to stress, and the CRHR2 locus has been linked to type 2 diabetes and depression. While CRHR2 variants confer risk for mood disorders, MDD, and type 2 diabetes, they have not been investigated in familial T2D and MDD. In 212 Italian families with type 2 diabetes and depression, we tested 17 CRHR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using two-point parametric-linkage and linkage-disequilibrium (i.e., association) analysis (models: dominant-complete-penetrance-D1, dominant-incomplete-penetrance-D2, recessive-complete-penetrance-R1, recessive-incomplete-penetrance-R2). We detected novel linkage/linkage-disequilibrium/association …

Modelling Neurological Diseases In Large Animals: Criteria For Model Selection And Clinical Assessment, Samantha L Eaton, Jonathan D Cooper, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Ecg Repolarization Parameters In A Worker Cohort Working The Night Shift, Sezen Baglan Uzunget, Kader Eliz Sahin

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: Night Shift work is an increasingly common working order that affects human well-being and it is little known about its arrhythmic role in the cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the effect of working at night shifts on P-wave dispersion (Pd), QT and QTc dispersions (QTd, QTcd resp) on surface electrocardiography. Methods: We included 286 foundry workers who work at night shift and 100 foundry workers who work on day time only. The night shift workers were divided into three subgroups according to the length of time they worked at night shift. Surface electrocardiography and blood tests were applied …

Human Total, Basal And Activity Energy Expenditures Are Independent Of Ambient Environmental Temperature, Xueying Zhang, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Ellen E. Blaak, Maciej S. Buchowski, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, William R. Leonard, Corby K. Martin, Erwin P. Meijer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Robert M. Ojiambo, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Luis B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (−10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between TEE, BEE and Ta emerged in females but the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful. Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18–25°C independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range of external ambient temperatures.

Human Total, Basal And Activity Energy Expenditures Are Independent Of Ambient Environmental Temperature, Xueying Zhang, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Ellen E Blaak, Maciej S Buchowski, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, William R Leonard, Corby K Martin, Erwin P Meijer, Marian L Neuhouser, Robert M Ojiambo, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Susan B Racette, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Edgar A Van Mil, Brian M Wood, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Herman Pontzer, John R Speakman, Iaea Dlw Database Consortium

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (−10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average Ta and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between TEE, BEE and Ta emerged in females but the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful. Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18–25°C independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range of external ambient temperatures.

Soft Electronics And Sensors For Wearable Healthcare Applications, Li-Wei Lo

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Wearable electronics are becoming increasingly essential to personalized medicine by collecting and analyzing massive amounts of biological signals from internal organs, muscles, and blood vessels. Conventional rigid electronics may lead to motion artifacts and errors in collected data due to the mismatches in mechanical properties between human skin. Instead, soft wearable electronics provide a better platform and interface that can form intimate contact and conformably adapt to human skin. In this respect, this thesis focuses on new materials formulation, fabrication, characterization of low-cost, high sensitivity and reliable sensors for wearable health monitoring applications.

More specifically, we have studied the silver …

Deep Learning For Medical Imaging In A Biased Environment, Usman Mahmood

Theses

Deep learning (DL) based applications have successfully solved numerous problems in machine perception. In radiology, DL-based image analysis systems are rapidly evolving and show progress in guiding treatment decisions, diagnosing, localizing disease on medical images, and improving radiologists' workflow. However, many DL-based radiological systems fail to generalize when deployed in new hospital settings, and the causes of these failures are not always clear. Although significant effort continues to be invested in applying DL algorithms to radiological data, many open questions and issues that arise from incomplete datasets remain. To bridge the gap, we first review the current state of artificial …

Success And Confidence In, Or Inclusive Of, Undergraduate Chemistry Students Surrounding A Collaborative Learning Intervention, Encouragement Of Metacognition, And A Multifaceted Scholarship Support Program, Maggie Erin Leake

Theses and Dissertations

Student success in chemistry has been linked to a wide range of factors. Some of these factors are familiar, easily quantified measures; colleges typically rely on factors like high school GPA and measures of aptitude to make admission decisions or set course prerequisites. Success in chemistry courses can be linked to these measures, and math aptitude scores in particular are often used as prerequisites for introductory chemistry courses. However, success in chemistry can also be affected by factors like motivation, peer interactions, sense of belonging, and metacognitive skill. Additionally, outcomes in chemistry and other STEM courses like math and physics …

Elucidating The Role Of Microbiome In Low- And High-Grade Glioma, Aditi Manjrekar, Golnaz Morad, Matthew Wong, Ashish Damania, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Sarah Johnson, Sherise D. Ferguson, Nadim J. Ajami, Jennifer A. Wargo

Summer Experience 2022

No abstract provided.

Nitrite Lowers The Oxygen Cost Of Atp Supply In Cultured Skeletal Muscle Cells By Stimulating The Rate Of Glycolytic Atp Synthesis, Anthony G. Wynne, Charles Affourtit

School of Biomedical Sciences

Dietary nitrate lowers the oxygen cost of human exercise. This effect has been suggested to result from stimulation of coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by reduced nitrate derivatives. In this paper, we report the acute effects of sodium nitrite on the bioenergetic behaviour of cultured rat (L6) myocytes. At odds with improved efficiency of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, extracellular flux analysis reveals that a ½-hour exposure to NaNO2 (0.1–5 μM) does not affect mitochondrial coupling efficiency in static myoblasts or in spontaneously contracting myotubes. Unexpectedly, NaNO2 stimulates the rate of glycolytic ATP production in both myoblasts and myotubes. Increased …

The Association Of Cuzd1 And Stat5 In Adipocytes, Zachary Wigger

LSU Master's Theses

Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has turned into a global epidemic over the past few decades. Adipocyte dysfunction brought on by obesity can lead to increased risk of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Knowing how adipocytes function to regulate metabolic homeostasis is critical. CUZD1 (CUB and Zona Pellucida-like Domain-containing protein 1) has not been studied in the context of adipocyte biology but could play a role in several metabolic processes. CUZD1 has been suggested to be a biomarker for several inflammatory diseases and cancers but little functional data has been published. There …

An Intimate Relationship: Medical Theory, The Environment, And Hospitals, Devin Williams

History Theses - Archive

Prior to the full acceptance of bacteriology in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, medicine relied heavily upon the natural environment and cultivating flora from various regions around the world to implement in therapeutics. As a result of various medical theories and practices during the long nineteenth century the hospital became the physical embodiment of such practices and became modified as these medical theories advanced toward an acceptance of bacteriology. Initially serving as a marker for the boundary between the built and natural environments, hospitals also relied heavily upon the natural environment in the treatment of patients and became …

Physical And Mental Health Challenges Of Construction Workforce Active In Extreme Weather Conditions, Sanjgna Karthick

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Construction sites continue to operate despite inclement weather, exposing workers to unpleasant working circumstances that can lead to various physical and mental health challenges. A thorough literature review yielded 21 challenges for hot weather conditions such as heat stroke, kidney disease, heat cramps, anxiety, depression and 20 challenges for cold weather conditions like asthma, frostbite, Musculo-Skeletal disorders, hallucination. Workers vulnerable to hot and cold weather based on demographic characteristics were identified. The study also provides 27 strategies to address the challenges experienced in hot and cold weather conditions. Some of these include ensuring that workers stay hydrated, scheduling sufficient rest …

Nutritional Quality Of Calorie Restricted Diets In The Calerie™ 1 Trial, Susan B. Racette, Valene Garr Barry, Connie W. Bales, Megan A. Mccrory, Kathleen A. Obert, Cheryl H. Gilhooly, Susan B. Roberts, Corby K. Martin, Catherine Champagne, Sai Krupa Das

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objectives: The aim was to determine the nutritional adequacy of calorie restricted (CR) diets during CR interventions up to 12 months. Methods: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 1 trial consisted of 3 single-site studies to test the feasibility and effectiveness of CR in adults without obesity. After baseline assessments, participants who were randomized to a CR intervention received education and training from registered dietitians on how to follow a healthful CR diet. Food diaries were completed at baseline and during the CR interventions (~6, 9, and 12 months) when participants were self-selecting …

The Health Effects Of A Plant-Based Diet On The Human Gut Microbiome, Bryant T. Bell

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

The popularity of a plant-based diet is sweeping the western world. Markets and social media influencers are promoting and encouraging this dietary lifestyle. With people switching diets, research is needed to see how one’s gut microbiome and health are affected. In this review article, the health effect of a plant-based diet on the gut microbiota is evaluate. Over 15 articles contained research on the physiology of the gastrointestinal system, microbes in the gut, nutrition, and diets affecting health issues. It is concluded that a plant-based diet promotes good health and gut microbiome; however, there are some nutritional deficiencies that may …

A Bioinformatics Analysis Of Microbial Diversity And Its Correlation With Human Lifestyle, Diet, And Health Variables, Alivia Ankrum, Kate Cooper

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The abundant impact of microbiota on human physiology suggests a need for exploration into their impact on human health and disease. The American Gut Project (AGP) was established to aggregate microbiome sequencing data as well as health, diet, and lifestyle metadata. This study proposes to identify taxonomic species and build a phylogenetic tree representation from the AGP participant sample collection as well as find their respective alpha and beta diversity of all metadata variables based on patient questionnaire data. Additionally, this study will involve a chimeric sequence extraction from the 16S rRNA sequences of the AGP. The expected results are …