Digital Commons Network^™

Sport Organizations And Reconciliation In Australia, Ashlee Morgan, Violetta Wilk

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Sport can be a driver of change, promoting social cohesion and inclusion. However, it can also create conflict and be arena of discrimination and divide. This article explores the current mobilization of Australian sport organizations in contributing to reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians. This study focuses on the formal commitment of sport organizations to the reconciliation process. Through a stakeholder theory perspective and a shared value lens, 22 Reconciliation Action Plans (RAPs) were examined using text analytics and visualization software, Leximancer. It is concluded that, while continuing their regular business, sport organizations can be …

The Association Between An Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index And Inflammation In Rural And Urban Black South Africans, Maylene Ferreira, H. Toinét Cronjé, Tertia Van Zyl, Nicola P. Bondonno, Marlien Pieters

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective:

To quantify the inflammatory potential of the diet of rural and urban Black South Africans using an adapted energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (AE-DII) and to investigate its relationship with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic disease risk markers. Dietary inflammatory potential has not been investigated in African populations.

Design:

Cross-sectional investigation.

Setting:

Rural and urban sites in the North West province of South Africa.

Participants:

1,885 randomly selected, apparently healthy Black South Africans older than 30 years.

Results:

AE-DII scores ranged from -3.71 to +5.08 with a mean of +0.37. AE-DII scores were significantly higher in men (0.47±1.19) than in women (0.32±1.29), …

The Problems With Trade Secret Protection/Overprotection In Asia, Kung-Chung Liu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Trade secret protection law has been an important complement to patent law and has gained increasing importance over the last three decades, not least in Asia. Major Asian countries are now at a crossroads, as some (Japan, Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and China) are following the US approach to criminalizing trade secret infringement and imposing harsher penalties on economic espionage (Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China). This paper identifies many of the problems associated with trade secret protection, provides indicators of the overprotection of trade secrets, and warns against its many side effects. It then points out the crossroads that Asian economies …

What Sort Of ‘Inclusion’ Is Continuing Professional Development Promoting? An Investigation Of A National Cpd Programme For Inclusive Physical Education, Kyriaki Makopoulou, Dawn Penney, Ross Neville, Gary Thomas

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Inclusion is positioned at the forefront of global educational reform. The study reported focused on a national Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme for Inclusive Physical Education (IPE) in England. The research was designed to critically explore how CPD providers (i.e. tutors) variously conceptualised and practiced inclusion in the context of running a day-long CPD course for physical education teachers. Using qualitative methodology, data were collected via course observations (n = 27), informal interviews with tutors (n = 10), and a tutor questionnaire (n = 18). Findings suggest that although tutors’ theoretical interpretations of inclusion were largely consistent …

Sars-Cov-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Induces Cell Apoptosis In Rat Taste Buds, Toru Yamamoto, Yuhei Koyama, Tomoaki Ujita, Emi Sawada, Naotaka Kishimoto, Kenji Seo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can cause loss or alteration of taste and smell as early symptoms or sequelae, but the detailed mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces taste cell apoptosis and expression of the apoptosis-related cytokine TNF-α in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP)-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay results revealed a significantly higher apoptosis index for taste cells in the SARS-CoV-2 group than for those in the control group. An immunohistochemistry analysis indicated significantly more TNF-α-positive cells in the SARS-CoV-2 group …

A Potential Reciprocal Emergence Of Regulatory T Cells In Oral Lichen Planus And Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Meta-Analysis, Xuemin Shen, Wei Liu, Qianqian Zhang, Zhexuan Bao

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Oral lichen planus (OLP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are 2 common inflammatory mucocutaneous diseases of immune-based etiology. Evidence indicates regulatory T (Treg) cells maybe play a role in the pathogenesis of OLP and PV, which are caused by aberrant immune responses. In this report, 7 eligible case–control studies containing 517 OLP patients and 261 healthy controls (HC) were identified. The level of Tregs was significantly higher in OLP patients than HC (mean difference: 1.79; 95%CI: 0.99, 2.60). On the other hand, 7 eligible case–control studies containing 169 PV patients and 121 HC were identified. Conversely, the level of Tregs …

Evaluation Of Cytokines As Diagnostic And Therapeutic Indicators For Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Statistical Study, Wei Liu, Yuanyuan Long, Yiwen Deng, Huan Shi, Xuan Xiao

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A wide range of over ten cytokines in peripheral blood of RAS patients have been investigated in different studies. Yet, which of the ones are the most prominent indicators contributed for the process of RAS are uncertain. Herein, a total of 16 eligible case–control studies including 1051 cases of RAS and 616 health controls were summarized. The bubble chart analysis showed that the most prominent cytokines for RAS were interleukin (IL)-6 (646 cases, 308 controls), TNF-α (498 cases, 298 controls), and IL-2 (371 …

A Digital Workflow For Single Complete Denture Using A Multi-Functional Diagnostic Denture, Xiaoqiang Liu, Yang Yang, Xiaoming Zhu, Zixuan Wang, Jianguo Tan, Yong Wang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Creating a single complete denture against natural dentition can be challenging. To facilitate the clinical procedure and promote balanced occlusion, we developed a digital workflow of a single complete denture using a multi-functional diagnostic denture (DD). The DD was digitally designed and fabricated using a three-dimensional printing process to create a guide for tooth grinding in opposing dentition and a final impression that allows the jaw relationship and dynamic articulation to be recorded by an intraoral scanner. The definitive complete denture was combined with a milled artificial dentition and titanium-plated denture base. Within three clinical visits, this digital workflow …

Butyrate-Treatment Induces Gingival Epithelial Cell Death In A Three-Dimensional Gingival-Connective Tissue Hybrid Co-Culture System, Hiromasa Tsuda, Yusuke Kurosawa, Hirofumi Yamaguchi, Kazuki Uemichi, Keiji Shinozuka, Yuki Kirihara

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems are reported to be more physiologically similar to the in vivo state than 2-dimensional (2D) models, which are extensively employed in periodontal research. Herein, we developed a 3D gingival tissue model with both epithelial and lamina propria layers using human gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cells and primary gingival fibroblasts. The epithelial layer of the developed 3D gingival tissue culture was treated with butyrate, a metabolite of oral bacteria, and the treatment induced the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, such as DNA and Sin3A associated protein 130 kDa (SAP130). Taken together, butyrate exposure to the epithelium …

Cone Of Gaze In Schizotypy: Potential Differences Among Positive, Negative, And Disorganized Subtypes, Courtney N. Wiesepape

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although not as prevalent as other disorders, the impact of schizophrenia is widespread and costly. Societal burden and individual suffering provide support for increased focus on the early identification of individuals at risk for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Utilizing the construct of schizotypy is one method of studying the early onset of these disorders. Meehl (1962; 1990) introduced the concept of schizotypy as personality organization that results in increased vulnerability to develop schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Thus, individuals psychometrically identified to be schizotypes present a unique opportunity to study the factors that contribute to the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In …

An Automated Classifier For Child-Directed Speech From Lena Recordings, Janet Y. Bang, George Kachergis, Adriana Weisleder, Virginia A. Marchman

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Using Your Words: Improved Communication During Code Rescues, Cecilia Borges, Victoria Y. Mccue

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Aging, Health, Equity, And The Law: Foreword, Joan C. Foley

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Pandemic Instrument Can Start Turning Collective Problems Into Collective Solutions By Governing The Common-Pool Resource Of Antimicrobial Effectiveness, Isaac Weldon, Kathy Liddell, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Steven J. Hoffman, Timo Minssen, Kevin Outterson, Stephanie Palmer, A. M. Viens, Jorge Viñuales

Faculty Scholarship

To address the complex challenge of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pandemic treaty should include mechanisms that 1) equitably address the access gap for antimicrobials, diagnostic technologies, and alternative therapies; 2) equitably conserve antimicrobials to sustain effectiveness and access across time and space; 3) equitably finance the investment, discovery, development, and distribution of new technologies; and 4) equitably finance and establish greater upstream and midstream infection prevention measures globally. Biodiversity, climate, and nuclear governance offer lessons for addressing these challenges.

Concerns About Safety Of Minorities In The Collection Of Sogi Data, Kieran Chase, Alexis Dinno

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This is a position paper concerning the ethics of routine collection of SOGI demographic data, with particular attention paid to erasure and the closet. We hope that the Health Authority will use the perspective presented here to respond to concerns around the safety of individuals who disclose minority sex, minority sexual orientation, or minority gender status. We are epidemiologists with history working on issues of queer demography and social policy. We have both collaborated with OHA’s Office for Equity and Inclusion on the development of the SOGI demographic instrument. We both occupy queer social locations and approach this work through …

Unreality And Loss Of Self: Dissociative Experiences In Buddhist Practitioners, Jill Loving

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

On the surface, the Buddhist idea of emptiness and experiences of depersonalization and derealization seem to have significant overlap. Meditations on emptiness in the Buddhist tradition seek to lead meditators to observe the ego as illusory and empty of inherent content as one step in the journey to liberate oneself from suffering. Conversely, dissociation is generally an involuntary, automatic response to severe trauma that can become more common or chronic in an individual over time. Topographically, these experiences may look similar; both include a sense of unreality of the self and often of the broader world. However, differences in stimulus …

Cancer Related Cognitive Impairment In Breast Cancer Patients: Guidelines For Neuropsychological Evaluation And Management, Ali Al-Humadi

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Current literature indicates there is still some debate regarding the scope and severity of cancer treatment related cognitive impairment (CRCI), with a wide variety of complex factors contributing to cognitive decline and discrepancies between objective findings and patient self-report. This paper aims to provide guidelines for neuropsychological evaluation, management, and rehabilitation of CRCI in breast cancer patients based on current research. This paper also aims to discuss current research on proposed mechanisms of action for CRCI, the cognitive domains affected in CRCI, and significant bio-psycho-social risk factors impacting CRCI.

The Impact Of A Relationship Education Program On Health Disparities Among Pregnant Women, Anne Clara Biermann

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Health disparities amongst pregnant individuals of color have long been documented and yet, they persist. While there is growing recognition, the search continues for solutions to close the health disparity gap between White women and women of color. This research is a follow-up to a 2022 study exploring the impact of the MotherWise program on birth outcomes. MotherWise provides an individual-oriented relationship education program and case management service for minority and low-income pregnant women in Colorado. This research further explores a positive trend of the program's impact on preterm birth rates by examining differential effects of participation by race. In …

"Stay Strong": Internalized Stigma, Religiosity And Black Mental Health In Colorado, Breigh Jones-Coplin

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

While the societal stigma on mental illness deters people from seeking mental health services, there is limited research on how Black personality and cultural practices may impact stigma and Black mental health (NAMI, 2020). In an attempt to identify protective and risk factors for internalized stigma and Black mental health, the present study examined 416 Black adults in Colorado and identified significant relationships between African Self-Consciousness, internalized stigma of mental illness, religiosity, and mental health functioning. Results showed that having a strong African-centered identity and religious grounding are associated with less internalized stigma and difficulty in functioning and mental health …

A Philosophy Of Contract Law For Artificial Intelligence: Shared Intentionality, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

This is a chapter for the forthcoming book, Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Martin Ebers, Cristina Poncibò, and Mimi Zou, to be published by Hart Publishing. The aim of this chapter is to offer a general theory of contract law to account for the inclusion of artificial intelligence in contract practices. Artificial intelligence brings out that what makes contract law a distinctive form of legal obligation is shared intentionality. I refer to this insight as the shared intentionality thesis. Shared intentionality is the psychological capacity of one agent to share and pursue a …

Why Arkansas Act 710 Was Upheld, And Will Be Again, Mark Goldfeder

Scholarly Works

The recent Eighth Circuit ruling in Arkansas Times, LP v. Waldrip, a lawsuit revolving around an Arkansas state anti-discrimination bill, has been widely misreported and generally misunderstood. While the decision was actually very narrow, case-specific, and ripe for review, the misleading information presented to the public has led to speculation and fear that similar anti-discrimination legislation in dozens of other states might somehow be constitutionally deficient. This essay will clarify what actually happened in the Arkansas case, and explain why legislators and advocates around the country do not have to worry about this very limited opinion affecting the legality of …

Crisis Pregnancy Centers: An Inherently Unjust Limitation To Reproductive Rights, Rebecca Feinberg, Danielle Pacia

Scholarly Works

This paper’s purpose is two-fold. First, it presents an ethical analysis that details why the current practices of Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) are unethical and violate women’s reproductive freedom. Second, it proposes policy solutions to mitigate inequities and disinformation caused by the practices of CPCs, in an attempt to protect the women who, fall prey to their services

Fertility Care: Essential Or Non-Essential? Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Rebecca S. Feinberg

Scholarly Works

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in an effort to allocate medical resources towards the anticipated influx of patients infected with the novel virus, many non-essential healthcare services were temporarily paused. The American Society of Reproductive Medicine led the move to halt infertility care in all but the most extreme cases. This cessation of infertility care, compounded by the unknown duration of this recommendation, added to the already high level of stress and anxiety that fertility patients experience and in cases of advanced maternal age or diminished ovarian reserve potentially resulted in suboptimal clinical outcomes. There was vocal disagreement …

An Overview Of Carbon Footprint Mitigation Strategies. Machine Learning For Societal Improvement, Modernization, And Progress, Vishnu S. Pendyala, Saritha Podali

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Among the most pressing issues in the world today is the impact of globalization and energy consumption on the environment. Despite the growing regulatory framework to prevent ecological degradation, sustainability continues to be a problem. Machine learning can help with the transition toward a net-zero carbon society. Substantial work has been done in this direction. Changing electrical systems, transportation, buildings, industry, and land use are all necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the carbon footprint aspect of sustainability, this chapter provides a detailed overview of how machine learning can be applied to forge a path to ecological sustainability in …

“We Are About Life-Changing Research”: Community Partner Perspectives On Community-Engaged Research Collaborations, Rebecca A. London, Ronald David Glass, Ethan Chang, Sheeva Sabati, Saugher Nojan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study examines the ethics and politics of knowledge across 15 distinctive community-engaged research projects. We focus our analysis on interviews with community partners and consider their perceptions of research, academic research partners, motivations for partnering, and the benefits and challenges of community-engaged research. We highlight three themes: Community partners’ (1) motivations to know better and more systematically what they already know, (2) interests in legitimating community-based knowledge (i.e., knowledge produced beyond the academy), and (3) efforts to navigate often inflexible university timelines and budgetary processes. Our findings highlight concerns at various ethical, political, and epistemic intersections and connect to …

Sieve Or Shield? High Tech Firms And Entrepreneurs And The Impacts Of Covid 19 On North American Border Regions, Kathrine Eileen Richardson, Francesco Cappellano

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study examines the role of international borders in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to unprecedented national decisions to close borders in order to contain the domestic contagion. The idea that borders act as shields conflicts with the needs of cross-border regions, as they rely on networks straddling the borders for goods and services’ provisions. This paper explores different approaches at individual, local, and regional policy levels used to counterbalance such impacts. As evidenced by North American border closures to most non-citizens seeking entry (shield effects), it is important to understand how professionals, firms, and their networks …

On The Possibility Оf A Dual-Natured Self, Anand Jayprakash Vaidya

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper I examine compatibilism and incompatibilism about whether the self can be both a subject and an object in the same awareness at the same time. While this is an old debate that many traditions of philosophy have contributed to, my point of departure is the work of A.C. Mukerji (an Indian philosopher of the modern era) who worked on the possibility of self-awareness by articulating, what he called, the paradox of ego-centricity. I also consider Patañjali (an Indian philosopher of the classical era), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (a phenomenologist), and Arindam Chakrabarti (a contemporary Indian and Analytic philosopher) on …

Spanish-Speaking Caregivers’ Use Of Referential Labels With Toddlers Is A Better Predictor Of Later Vocabulary Than Their Use Of Referential Gestures, Janet Y. Bang, Manuel Bohn, Joel Ramírez, Virginia A. Marchman, Anne Fernald

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Variation in how frequently caregivers engage with their children is associated with variation in children's later language outcomes. One explanation for this link is that caregivers use both verbal behaviors, such as labels, and non-verbal behaviors, such as gestures, to help children establish reference to objects or events in the world. However, few studies have directly explored whether language outcomes are more strongly associated with referential behaviors that are expressed verbally, such as labels, or non-verbally, such as gestures, or whether both are equally predictive. Here, we observed caregivers from 42 Spanish-speaking families in the US engage with their 18-month-old …

Word Embeddings For Fake Malware Generation, Quang Duy Tran, Fabio Di Troia

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Signature and anomaly-based techniques are the fundamental methods to detect malware. However, in recent years this type of threat has advanced to become more complex and sophisticated, making these techniques less effective. For this reason, researchers have resorted to state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to combat the threat of information security. Nevertheless, despite the integration of the machine learning models, there is still a shortage of data in training that prevents these models from performing at their peak. In the past, generative models have been found to be highly effective at generating image-like data that are similar to the actual data …

Robustness Of Image-Based Malware Analysis, Katrina Tran, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In previous work, “gist descriptor” features extracted from images have been used in malware classification problems and have shown promising results. In this research, we determine whether gist descriptors are robust with respect to malware obfuscation techniques, as compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained directly on malware images. Using the Python Image Library (PIL), we create images from malware executables and from malware that we obfuscate. We conduct experiments to compare classifying these images with a CNN as opposed to extracting the gist descriptor features from these images to use in classification. For the gist descriptors, we consider a …