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2021

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Articles 195841 - 195848 of 195848

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Diversity, Population Structure, And Linkage Disequilibrium Among Cowpea Accessions, Sodedji Frejus Ariel Kpedetin, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Eric Echikintho Agoyi, Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni, Jaeyoung Choi, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, Ho-Youn Kim Jan 2021

Diversity, Population Structure, And Linkage Disequilibrium Among Cowpea Accessions, Sodedji Frejus Ariel Kpedetin, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Eric Echikintho Agoyi, Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni, Jaeyoung Choi, Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, Ho-Youn Kim

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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp] is a globally important food security crop.However, it is susceptible to pest and disease; hence, constant breeding efforts basedon its diversity are required for its improvement. The present study aims to investigatethe genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among274  cowpea  accessions  from  different  origins.  A  total  of  3,127  single  nucleotidepolymorphism (SNP) markers generated using diversity array technology (DArT)was used. Population structure, neighbor-joining clustering, and principal componentanalyses indicated three subpopulations within the germplasm. Results of STRUC-TURE  analysis  and  discriminant  analysis  of  principal  components  (DAPC)  werecomplementary in assessing the structuration of the diversity among the germplasm,with …


Nanobodies: Their Potential For Applications In Biotechnology, Diagnosis And Antiviral Properties In Africa; Focus On Application In Agriculture, Faith Njeri Njeru, Paul Mbogo Kusolwab Jan 2021

Nanobodies: Their Potential For Applications In Biotechnology, Diagnosis And Antiviral Properties In Africa; Focus On Application In Agriculture, Faith Njeri Njeru, Paul Mbogo Kusolwab

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Antibodies are key elements in routine immunological tests, having a long history in detection of plant pathogens due to their specificity, reliability and fast performance. Heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs), circulating in the blood of camels are IgG isotypes that lack the light (L) chains and the heavy (H) chain is depleted of the first constant domain (CH1). The HCAbs interact with the antigen by virtue of only one single variable domain, referred to as VHH or nanobody (Nb). Owing to their unique properties: nanometer scale size, robust structure, stable and soluble behaviour in aqueous solution, high affinity and specificity for …


Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, And Phytochemistry Of Medicinal Plants Used For Treating Human Diarrheal Cases In Rwanda: A Review, Gahamanyi Noel, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Dukuzimana, Naasson Tuyiringire, Cheol-Ho Pan, Erick V. G Komba Jan 2021

Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, And Phytochemistry Of Medicinal Plants Used For Treating Human Diarrheal Cases In Rwanda: A Review, Gahamanyi Noel, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Dukuzimana, Naasson Tuyiringire, Cheol-Ho Pan, Erick V. G Komba

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Diarrhea, often caused by microorganisms, has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in Africa. Increased rates of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have reignited the quest for alternative therapies. This review aimed at identifying medicinal plants used in the treatment of human diarrheal cases in Rwanda and analyzing their ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry. We searched PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the Web of Science for published articles on medicinal plants used to treat diarrhea in Rwanda. Additionally, specialized herbarium documents of different institutes were reviewed. Articles were assessed for relevance, quality, and taxonomical accuracy before being included in this review. Overall, 63 …


Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, And Genetic Diversity Of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From A Layer Poultry Farm In Korea, Gahamanyi Noel, Dae-Geun Song, Kye-Yoon Yoon, Leonard E. G Mboera, Mecky I. Matee, Mutangana Dieudonne Dieudonne, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Erick Komba, Cheol-Ho Pan Jan 2021

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, And Genetic Diversity Of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From A Layer Poultry Farm In Korea, Gahamanyi Noel, Dae-Geun Song, Kye-Yoon Yoon, Leonard E. G Mboera, Mecky I. Matee, Mutangana Dieudonne Dieudonne, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Erick Komba, Cheol-Ho Pan

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Thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the major etiologies of bacterial enteritis globally. This study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from a layer poultry farm in South Korea. One hundred fifty-three chicken feces were collected from two layer poultry farms in Gangneung, South Korea. The Campylobacter species were isolated by cultural techniques, while PCR and sequencing were used for species confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)] was carried out by broth microdilution. Three …


Complete Genome Analysis Of African Swine Fever Virus Responsible For Outbreaks In Domestic Pigs In 2018 In Burundi And 2019 In Malawi, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Jean B. Ntirandekura, Clara Yona, Lionel Nyabongo, Gladson Kamwendo, Julius L.C Chulu, Désiré Ntakirutimana, Olivier Kamana, Hans Nauwynck, Gerald Misinzo Jan 2021

Complete Genome Analysis Of African Swine Fever Virus Responsible For Outbreaks In Domestic Pigs In 2018 In Burundi And 2019 In Malawi, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Jean B. Ntirandekura, Clara Yona, Lionel Nyabongo, Gladson Kamwendo, Julius L.C Chulu, Désiré Ntakirutimana, Olivier Kamana, Hans Nauwynck, Gerald Misinzo

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Several African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in domestic pigs have been reported in Burundi and Malawi and whole-genome sequences of circulating outbreak viruses in these countries are limited. In the present study, complete genome sequences of ASF viruses (ASFV) that caused the 2018 outbreak in Burundi (BUR/18/Rutana) and the 2019 outbreak in Malawi (MAL/19/Karonga) were produced using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform and compared with other previously described ASFV complete genomes. The complete nucleotide sequences of BUR/18/Rutana and MAL/19/Karonga were 176,564 and 183,325 base pairs long with GC content of 38.62 and 38.48%, respectively. The MAL/19/Karonga virus had a total …


African Swine Fever Virus Circulation Between Tanzania And Neighboring Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Clara Yona, Olivier Kamana, Hans Nauwynck, Gerald Misinzo Jan 2021

African Swine Fever Virus Circulation Between Tanzania And Neighboring Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Clara Yona, Olivier Kamana, Hans Nauwynck, Gerald Misinzo

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For over 100 years after the description of the first case of African swine fever (ASF) in Kenya, ASF virus (ASFV) cross-border spread in eastern and southern Africa has not been fully investigated. In this manuscript, we reviewed systematically the available literature on molecular epidemiology of ASF in Tanzania and its eight neighboring countries in order to establish the transmission dynamics of ASFV between these countries. Data were retrieved from World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and CrossRef databases, using the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and reviewed …


Exposure To Salinity And Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Brassica Carinata L. Microgreens, Sylvia Wairimu Maina, Da Hye Ryu, Jwa Yeong Cho, Da Seul Jung, Jai-Eok Park, Chu Won Nho, Gaymary Bakari, Gerald Misinzo, Je Hyeong Jung, Seung-Hoon Yang, Ho-Youn K Kim Jan 2021

Exposure To Salinity And Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, And Antioxidant Capacity Of Brassica Carinata L. Microgreens, Sylvia Wairimu Maina, Da Hye Ryu, Jwa Yeong Cho, Da Seul Jung, Jai-Eok Park, Chu Won Nho, Gaymary Bakari, Gerald Misinzo, Je Hyeong Jung, Seung-Hoon Yang, Ho-Youn K Kim

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The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts’ ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds’ ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase- 1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total …


Characterization Of Barite Reserves In Nigeria For Use As Weighting Agent In Drilling Fluid, David Oluwasegun Afolayan, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, Oghenerume Ogolo, Richard Kwasi Amankwah Jan 2021

Characterization Of Barite Reserves In Nigeria For Use As Weighting Agent In Drilling Fluid, David Oluwasegun Afolayan, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, Oghenerume Ogolo, Richard Kwasi Amankwah

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Successful drilling operations are dependent on the properties of the drilling fluid used to drill wells. Barite is used as a weighting agent during the preparation of drilling fluid. Over the years, oil and gas industry in Nigeria has been depending mainly on imported barite for drilling operations, whereas the country has huge deposits of barite. There is the need to assess the properties of the locally sourced barite for their suitability in drilling fluid formulation. This study presents the local processing methods of barite and examines the crude and on-the-site processed barite’s physio-chemical properties. These parameters were compared with …