Digital Commons Network^™

An Overview Of Electronic Preference Assessments And Recommendations For Their Use In Telehealth, Giancarlo Anro

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Preference assessments are used to systematically determine an individuals preferred items to be used as potential reinforcers during service delivery. Electronic preference assessments typically do not use tangible items but instead present electronic representations of these tangible items, such as electronic pictures or videos, to the client. The purpose of this overview is to introduce the history and traditional use of electronic preference assessments and then to provide practical recommendations for using an electronic preference assessment while providing behavioral services through a telehealth model. When conducting an electronic preference assessment during a telehealth session two primary considerations need to be …

Dangerous Women/Women In Danger: Gendered Impacts Of The September 11th Attacks, Louise Cainkar

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

VERBAL AND PHYSICAL EXPRESSIONS of public animosity toward Arab and Muslim Americans surged in the United States in the first months after the attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11), and then quelled to highly varying degrees afterward, depending on place (Levin 2017). This pattern was unlike punitive government actions, which continued nationwide at high levels for years (see Cainkar 2009). My ethnographic and sociological study of the impacts of 9/11 on Muslim Arabs in metropolitan Chicago, involving field research conducted between 2002 and 2005 and in-depth interviews with 102 Arab Muslims (45 percent of whom were women), found that women …

Review Of Suspect Communities: Anti-Muslim Racism And The Domestic War On Terror, Louise Cainkar

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Queering Bostock, Jeremiah A. Ho

All Faculty Scholarship

Although the Supreme Court’s 2020 Title VII decision, Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia, is a victory for LGBTQ individuals, its doctrinal limitations unavoidably preserve a discriminatory status quo. This Article critically examines how and why Bostock fails to highlight the indignities experienced by queer minorities under decades of employment discrimination. In Bostock, Justice Gorsuch presents a sweeping textualist interpretation of Title VII that protects against sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination. Yet, the decision sparsely recognizes queer lived experiences, compared to prior pro-LGBTQ cases where such recognition contributed to developing an anti-stereotyping framework that confronted some of the heteronormative biases …

The Functional Operation Of Workers’ Compensation Covid Presumptions, Michael C. Duff

All Faculty Scholarship

During 2020, a number of U.S. states implemented workers' compensation COVID-19 presumptions. This short informal paper defines and explains legal presumptions generally and then discusses the workers' compensation presumptions. The paper contends that at this juncture it is not clear whether states intended to enact "Thayer-Wigmore" or "Morgan" presumptions; but if they operate as Thayer-Wigmore presumptions they will not do workers' compensation claimants much good in the context of non-jury proceedings presided over by administrative law judges.

Challenges For Black Workers After 2020: Antiracism In The Gig Economy?, Michael C. Duff

All Faculty Scholarship

Black workers’ fortunes in the coming decades are tied to the expansion of the Gig economy, the impact of which is to destroy employee status. Because much antiracism law and policy has been transmitted to society through the medium of employment law, the disappearance of employee status should be of concern to all foes of racism. This short essay argues that Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 should be expanded to cover all forms of racist workplace conduct. Regulatory arbitrage will continue to challenge the definition of employment for the foreseeable future. It is fitting that one …

Race, Rules, And Disregarded Reality, Marsha Griggs

All Faculty Scholarship

Exploring issues of racial bias and social injustice in the law school classroom is a modern imperative. Yet, important conversations about systemic inequality in the law and legal profession are too often dissociated from core doctrinal courses and woodenly siloed to the periphery of the curriculum. This dissociation creates a paradigm of irrelevancy-by-omission that disregards the realities of the lived experiences of our students and the clients they will ultimately serve. Using Evidence as a launch pad, Professor Deborah Merritt has paved a pathway to incorporate these disregarded realities in doctrinal teaching. This important pathway leads to safe spaces necessary …

International Courts & Judicial Affairs, Sara L. Ochs, Paula Henin, Paola Patarroyo, Haydee Dijkstal, Ira Trako, Kabir Duggal, Chloe Fletcher, Alexander Witt, Marc Weitz

All Faculty Scholarship

This chapter reviews some of the most significant developments made by international courts and tribunals in 2020.

I. International Court of Justice As of the time of writing (November 2020), this year, the International Court of Justice (Court) has rendered one order on provisional measures, two judgments on appeals from decisions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Council, and two orders relating to expert evidence.

Password-Less Two-Factor Authentication Using Scannable Barcodes On A Mobile Device, Grant M. Callant Ii

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Currently, passwords are the default method used to authenticate users. As hardware continues to advance in speed, breaking these passwords becomes easier. The traditional solution to this problem is ever increasing password complexity and two-factor authentication. However, users become strained under overly complex login systems and often circumvent them. Two-factor authentication also adds to this complexity and many forms of two-factor authentication are inherently insecure. In answer to these problems, this project proposes a password-less multi-factor authentication system, which leverages the tried-and-proven existing technologies, asymmetric cryptography, digital signatures, and biometric authentication. Simulated user testing shows promising results, suggesting that registration …

(Missed) Connections: How The Textual Communication Environment Caused By Covid-19 Impacted English Composition Instructors' Ability To Communicate And Connect With Colleagues And Students, Alyssa G. Cummings

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

A Pilot Study: Periodontal Risk Factor Screening Tool For Certified Diabetes Care Education Specialists, Holly Brawner

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Purpose: There is a bidirectional link between uncontrolled diabetes and untreated periodontal disease. Controlling periodontal infection plays an essential role in the overall management of diabetes. This study explored an interprofessional (IP) collaboration between Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (CDCES) and Dental Hygienists and the utility of a point of care Periodontal Screening Tool (PST) for CDCES to build confidence in informing their clients on periodontal disease risk factors and providing resources to seek dental care.

Methods: This pilot study used a pre-test post-test design where a survey was administered prior to CDCES participating in an Education and Training …

Life History And Microbiome Analysis Of Freshwater Fingernail Clams (Sphaeriidae) Exposed To Trace Metal Pollution, Dechen D. Edwards

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Aquatic habitats impacted by anthropogenic activities such as mining can contain metal mixtures of nonessential and essential trace metals. The consequences of chronic exposure to metal mixtures on the life history of benthic organisms are unclear, as are the potential effects on host-associated microbial communities. I use an energy-budget based methodology to ask whether exposure to metal mixtures influences the life histories of freshwater fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) and if fingernail clams are selecting a different microbial community if chronically exposed to metal mixtures than if in a site that is not impacted by metal pollution. Fingernail clams are small, cosmopolitan, …

List-Antimagic Labeling Of Vertex-Weighted Graphs, Zhanar Berikkyzy, Axel Brandt, Sogol Jahanbekam, Victor Larsen, Danny Rorabaugh

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A graph G is weighted-k-list-antimagic if for any vertex weighting →: V (G) → R and any list assignment L: E(G) → 2R with jL(e)j ≤ jE(G)j + k there exists an edge labeling f such that f(e) 2 L(e) for all e 2 E(G), labels of edges are pairwise distinct, and the sum of the labels on edges incident to a vertex plus the weight of that vertex is distinct from the sum at every other vertex. In this paper we prove that every graph on n vertices having no K1 or K2 component is weighted-4n 3 -list-antimagic.

The Integer-Antimagic Spectra Of Hamiltonian Graphs, Ugur Odabasi, Dan Roberts, Richard M. Low

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Let A be a nontrivial abelian group. A connected simple graph G = (V, E) is A-antimagic, if there exists an edge labeling f: E(G) → A\{0A} such that the induced vertex labeling f+(v) = Σ{u,v} ∈ E(G) f({u,v}) is a one-to-one map. The integer-antimagic spectrum of a graph G is the set IAM(G) = {k: G is Zk-antimagic and k ≥ 2}. In this paper, we determine the integer-antimagic spectra for all Hamiltonian graphs.

Quantifying Egg Attendance Behaviours Of Wild Asian Houbara Can Improve Artificial Incubation Outcomes, Robert J. Burnside, Scott A. Shaffer, Francesc Cusco, Masudur Rahman, Keith M. Scotland

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Artificial incubation is fundamental in ex situ avian conservation interventions for an increasing range of threatened species, but incubation parameters can differ between species. Both egg-turning angle and frequency are critical for successful embryonic development, but measuring these parameters in wild birds has historically been difficult. Using data-loggers inside artificial eggs that accurately record parental egg attendance behaviours, we quantified turning angles and rates throughout the incubation of 6 nesting wild Asian houbaras Chlamydotis mac-queenii, a species bred in captivity in response to human over-exploitation. Wild females turned their eggs 0.6 times h-1 with a mean angle of 40.9° turn-1. …

Democracy And Polarization Comments On Aikin And Talisse's Political Argument In A Polarized Age, Anand Vaidya

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Data-Driven Wildfire Risk Prediction In Northern California, Ashima Malik, Megha Rajam Rao, Nandini Puppala, Prathusha Koouri, Venkata Anil Kumar Thota, Qiao Liu, Sen Chiao, Jerry Gao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Over the years, rampant wildfires have plagued the state of California, creating economic and environmental loss. In 2018, wildfires cost nearly 800 million dollars in economic loss and claimed more than 100 lives in California. Over 1.6 million acres of land has burned and caused large sums of environmental damage. Although, recently, researchers have introduced machine learning models and algorithms in predicting the wildfire risks, these results focused on special perspectives and were restricted to a limited number of data parameters. In this paper, we have proposed two data-driven machine learning approaches based on random forest models to predict the …

Effects Of Figural And Numerical Presentation Formats On Growing Pattern Performance, Marta K. Mielicki, Charlies J. Fitzsimmons, Lauren H. Woodbury, Hannah Marshal, Dake Zhang, Ferdinand D. Rivera, Clarissa A. Thompson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Prior work exploring preschool-aged children’s reasoning with repeating patterns has shown that patterning ability is an important predictor of math achievement; however, there is limited research exploring older children’s growing pattern task performance. The current study tested whether presentation format impacts performance on growing pattern problems, and whether the effects of presentation format extend to transfer word problems for which no patterns are provided. Sixth grade students were randomly assigned to complete several growing pattern tasks in one of three presentation formats (figures, sequences of values, or tables of values), and later completed transfer story problems with no figures, sequences, …

Building Pillars Where Bridges Are Easy To Imitate - Mediating Technologies In Knowledge-Based Economies, Guido Fioretti, Stephen K. Kwan, Stefania Niciforo

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We carried out a qualitative investigation of a pioneer of the Industrial Internet of Things operating in Silicon Valley since 1989. We reconstructed a sequence of strategic turns and conceptualized their current business model in a way that is relevant for several other industries enabled by the Internet, generalizing Thompson’s concept of mediating technologies in order to adapt it to contemporary, knowledge-based economies. We propose an interpretive framework for mediating technologies that we express by means of semantic networks.

Without Crossing A Border: Exploring The Impact Of Shifting Study Abroad Online On Students’ Learning And Intercultural Competence Development During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Yingjie Liu, Thomas Shirley

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

While all higher education was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, study abroad programs were uniquely challenged by the associated restrictions and limitations. This case study integrates a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) pedagogy approach and virtual reality (VR) technologies into the curriculum redesign process to transform a business study abroad course into an online format. Using VR technology, U.S. students and their international partners in Germany, Brazil, and India created and shared cultural exchange virtual tours. The redesigned online study abroad course engaged students in active learning activities and cultivated students’ intercultural competence development.

Lost In Translation: What Linguistic Measurements Best Measure Text Quality Of Online Listings, Yang Sun, Shaonan Tian, Ming Zhou

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Ecommerce websites are filled with international sellers. Product descriptions on these sites are often written in English by non-native speakers. Linguistic imperfections in these descriptions confuse consumers, which may further attenuate their purchase intentions. How descriptive quality/efficacy can be defined and then improved shall be of great interest to all sellers and their consumers. In this research, we attempt to evaluate online product description quality using lexical measurements from linguistics studies. Linguistics measurements of writing quality were mostly developed in pure academic settings. We test and analyze these measurements' applicability in defining and contrasting business description quality using Amazon.com data. …

Land Cover Change Analysis In The State Of California Using Nlcd Data, Indumathi Jeyachandran

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Land cover change is critical to be monitored as land cover change has significant impacts on flooding, ground water recharge, and urban air temperature. In this paper, key findings from a land cover change analysis study performed in the State of California are presented. National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data from the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) was used for this study. Time series of NLCD data during the time period of 2001 through 2016 was used for the analysis. NLCD data processing was done in ArcMap 10.6.1. This paper includes the methodology in detail, and the results of the …

Degrees Of Support: State Spending On Higher Education And Public Postsecondary Degrees Across State Legislatures, 2005 And 2014, Kristen Shorette, Megan Thiele, Catherine Bolzendahl

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

U.S. state spending on higher education represents a sizable, but highly variable, portion of budget expenditures. Preliminary research supports a positive relationship between the percentage of state legislators who hold public degrees and state funding for higher education. In this study, the authors test whether this finding is consistent over time by using panel modeling to analyze the educational compositions of state legislatures in 2005 and 2014. Generalized least squares regression models with robust standard errors clustered by state- and year-specific intercepts indicate a significantly positive relationship between the proportion of publicly educated state legislators and state spending on higher …

Extensible Embedded Processor For Convolutional Neural Networks, Joshua Misko, Shrikant S. Jadhav, Youngsoo Kim

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) require significant computing power during inference. Smart phones, for example, may not run a facial recognition system or search algorithm smoothly due to the lack of resources and supporting hardware. Methods for reducing memory size and increasing execution speed have been explored, but choosing effective techniques for an application requires extensive knowledge of the network architecture. This paper proposes a general approach to preparing a compressed deep neural network processor for inference with minimal additions to existing microprocessor hardware. To show the benefits to the proposed approach, an example CNN for synthetic aperture radar target classification …

Marine Heatwave Challenges Solutions To Human-Wildlife Conflict, Jameal F. Samhouri, Blake E. Feist, Mary C. Fisher, Owen Liu, Samuel M. Woodman, Briana Abrahms, Karin A. Forney, Elliott L. Hazen, Dan Lawson, Jessica Redfern, Lauren E. Saez

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Despite the increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events, little is known about how their impacts flow through social and ecological systems or whether management actions can dampen deleterious effects. We examined how the record 2014-2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave influenced trade-offs in managing conflict between conservation goals and human activities using a case study on large whale entanglements in the U.S. west coast's most lucrative fishery (the Dungeness crab fishery). We showed that this extreme climate event diminished the power of multiple management strategies to resolve trade-offs between entanglement risk and fishery revenue, transforming near win-win to clear …

A Quality Assessment Directory For Evaluating Multi-Functional Public Spaces, M. Salim Ferwati, Ali Keyvanfar, Arezou Shafaghat, Omar Ferwati

Faculty Articles

Public spaces facilitate opportunities for social interaction and promote social life. The social-spatial complexity of public spaces can be explored through the relationship between built forms and users' daily social activities. The contemporary needs of users have retrofitted or replaced the controversial public spaces such as streets, depriving the prime function of sustaining and facilitating social life. Thus, any factors influencing users' social/public life impact the quality of public spaces. Also, contextualization and definition of public spaces necessitate an evaluation of their quality. The lack of a quality assessment directory (QAD) for evaluating multi-functional public spaces motivated us to address …

Anticipating Elite Capture: The Social Devaluation Of Municipal Tap Water Users In The Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Alexandra Brewis, Katie Meehan, Melissa Beresford, Amber Wutich

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Characterizing subcultural models of tap water derived from interviews from 154 respondents in four neighbourhoods in the urban Southwestern United States, we identify sources of public discourses that support and anticipate passive elite capture. In accord with predictions, social devaluation of those who use tap water is situated with residents of a privileged exclusive community sector. This suggests the value of a broader conceptualization and an empirical model of elite capture in water resources: not just as a physical deviation of resources, but also as a discursive devaluation of public resources by specifically elite populations.

Cross Border Regional Planning: Insights From Cascadia, Francesco Cappellano, Kathrine Richardson, Laurie Trautman

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This analysis focuses on different levels of Cross-Border Regional Planning (CBRP) processes in the Cascadia borderland. The region is home to the business-led initiative ‘Cascadia Innovation Corridor’ (CIC), designed to foster cross-border economic integration. The CIC strives to build a global innovation ecosystem in Cascadia, including a new high-speed train to connect Seattle and Vancouver. This paper focuses on the scope of the CIC as a CBRP case. The authors evaluate engagement of city governments and coherency between different planning scales to determine whether the CIC has been addressing the major challenges that may prevent tighter economicintegration in Cascadia. The …

Characterization Of Substance Use Among Underrepresented Sexual And Gender Minority Participants In The Population Research In Identity And Disparities For Equality (Pride) Study, Branden T. Barger, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Matthew R. Capriotti, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Profiles of substance use among less commonly described subgroups of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people (e.g., queer, genderqueer) remain largely unknown. Objective(s): To identify substance use differences among less commonly described SGM identity-based subgroups. Methods: The PRIDE Study is a national, online, longitudinal cohort study of self-identified SGM adults living in the U.S. Between 2015–2017, an iPhone application was used to administer three cross-sectional health questionnaires to participants, one of which included questions about binge alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use (substance use). This study was a secondary data analysis of participant responses to substance use survey items. …

Multifidelity Approaches For Uncertainty Estimation In Wildfire Spread Simulators, Mario Miguel Valero, Lluís Jofre, Ricardo Torres

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A variety of wildfire models are currently used for prescribed fire management, fire behaviour studies and decision support during wildfire emergencies, among other applications. All these applications are based on predictive analysis, and therefore require careful estimation of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties such as weather conditions, vegetation properties and model parameters. However, the large computational cost of high-fidelity computaional fluid dynamics models prohibits the straightforward utilization of traditional Monte Carlo methods. Conversely, low-fidelity fire models are several orders of magnitude faster but they typically do not provide enough accuracy and they do not resolve all relevant phenomena. Multifidelity frameworks offer …