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2021

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Functions Of Drosophila Hp1 Proteins In Transcriptional Regulation, John Schoelz Jan 2021

Functions Of Drosophila Hp1 Proteins In Transcriptional Regulation, John Schoelz

All ETDs from UAB

The Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) family are a group of non-histone chromosomal proteins with functions in many essential DNA processes. The HP1 family is highly conserved, and many eukaryotic genomes contain multiple HP1 genes. Individual paralogs specialize in specific functions, although they do have overlapping roles in some processes. In Drosophila, there are three HP1 paralogs expressed in somatic cells: HP1a, HP1B and HP1C. All three of these proteins have previously been implicated in both the positive and negative regulation of transcription. Furthermore, the three proteins share binding sites and colocalize broadly throughout the Drosophila genome. Here, we investigate individual …

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Effeccts Of Hiv-1 Tat On Tspo, A Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Nguyen Thuy Nhu Nguyen Jan 2021

Effeccts Of Hiv-1 Tat On Tspo, A Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Nguyen Thuy Nhu Nguyen

All ETDs from UAB

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) produces serious neurological dysfunction for > 50% of people living with HIV (PLWH). As antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a chronic disease, and since most ART does not effectively cross the blood brain barrier, HAND is predicted to further increase in prevalence in PLWH. The HIV-Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) is known to persist in the central nervous system (CNS) of chronically infected HIV+ individuals. In several preclinical studies, HIV-Tat has been shown to be neurotoxic and important for HIV pathogenesis. Translocator protein (TSPO), an 18 kDa mitochondrial protein, has been shown to be increased via …

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Characterization Of Rna Polymerase I Trigger Loop Mutations, Collin Ainslie Jan 2021

Characterization Of Rna Polymerase I Trigger Loop Mutations, Collin Ainslie

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RNA polymerases are primarily multi-subunit enzymes that synthesize RNAs from template DNA strands. RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is the eukaryotic RNA polymerase that synthesizes the majority of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for ribosome production. These include the 5.8S, 28S, and 18S rRNAs which are synthesized from a polycistronic gene in the nucleolus. The rRNAs synthesized by Pol I, the 5S rRNA, & ribosomal proteins come together to synthesize ribosomes through ribosome biogenesis. Dysregulation of Pol I activity has been established to contribute to dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis and disease state development. These conditions include but are not limited to Cincinnati …

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Motivating Factors Influencing The Decision To Create Worker Cooperative Businesses, Brandon Alexander Debalsi Jan 2021

Motivating Factors Influencing The Decision To Create Worker Cooperative Businesses, Brandon Alexander Debalsi

All ETDs from UAB

While there is a growing body of literature on the subject of worker cooperatives in the field of economics that compares them to conventional capitalist firms, there has been little literature to date looking at lives of the workers within these enterprises. This study investigates the self-stated reasons for why worker-owners of worker cooperative firms chose this form of employment. In unstructured interviews, a sample of thirty-seven current and former worker-owners were asked why they chose to become worker cooperatives members. The responses are grouped into three categories based on their self-reported motivations: Idealists, Economists, and Drifters. Implications for future …

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A Stress Process Approach To Assessing Caregiver Burden, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life: The Role Of Attachment In Adult Relationships, Ghislaine Celine Atkins Jan 2021

A Stress Process Approach To Assessing Caregiver Burden, Depressive Symptoms, And Quality Of Life: The Role Of Attachment In Adult Relationships, Ghislaine Celine Atkins

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Aging adults (65 years and older) are projected to be the largest age group in the United States by around the year 2030. Importantly, the population of aging adults is expected to outnumber their adult children for the first time by the year 2033. The extant literature posits that the majority of carer-care-recipient relationships are between adult children/in law and their aging parent or a spouse/partner. Familial carers dealing with these multiple stressors are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, have higher appraisals of stress and have worse quality of life. This dissertation project utilized sociologist Pearlin’s Stress Process Model …

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Characterization Of Cellular And Viral Factors That Define The Stability Of The Latent Hiv-1 Reservoir, Eric Carlin Jan 2021

Characterization Of Cellular And Viral Factors That Define The Stability Of The Latent Hiv-1 Reservoir, Eric Carlin

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a chronic viral illness that requires lifelong management due to the early formation of a latent viral reservoir within the patient’s CD4+ T cells. These latent infection events lay dormant within infected cells and reactivate stochastically or during periods of T cell activation presenting a major hurdle to the development of an HIV cure. As our understanding of the factors that contribute to HIV latency has evolved, we have started to appreciate latency as more than a chromatin regulation phenotype, due to the vast number of cellular factors that have been described to impact …

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Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Rotc Army Cadet Exercise Training For The Army Combat Fitness Test, Simone Cannon Jan 2021

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Rotc Army Cadet Exercise Training For The Army Combat Fitness Test, Simone Cannon

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To see the effectiveness of a twelve-week exercise training program in relation to ACFT performance over time. With changes to the Army’s standard physical test, the Army believes the ACFT will better prepare soldiers for combat. Physical Training is required and compared to the ACFT done by Army ROTC cadets for training purposes. Participants of this study were a part of the UAB ROTC program ranging from freshman to seniors. Height, weight, and body composition measurements were taken. Over twelve weeks, participants trained three days per week (MWF) at the ROTC building and executed the training protocol for one hour …

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Tgfβ Provides The Backbone Of Embryogenesis: Elucidating The Role Of Tgfβ Signaling And Its Downstream Effectors On Spinal Column Development, Sade Williams Clayton Jan 2021

Tgfβ Provides The Backbone Of Embryogenesis: Elucidating The Role Of Tgfβ Signaling And Its Downstream Effectors On Spinal Column Development, Sade Williams Clayton

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The spinal column is composed of two components, the vertebra (VB) that provide support and the intervertebral disc (IVD) that provide weight distribution. The structural integrity of IVDs is maintained by a fibrocartilaginous tissue called the annulus fibrosus (AF) which can degenerate with age or trauma and contribute to chronic back pain. There are currently no diseases modifying treatments that curb IVD degeneration. Regenerative therapies to treat IVD degeneration can be developed from identifying the signaling factors required for AF differentiation, but these factors are unknown. Previously, we showed that TGFβ signaling is required for AF formation in mice and …

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Model Invariant Visual Tracking Using Deep Learning Of Trajectories, Pravinkumar G. Kandhare Jan 2021

Model Invariant Visual Tracking Using Deep Learning Of Trajectories, Pravinkumar G. Kandhare

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A target tracking is a well-known computer vision problem due to its wide range of applications in industrial and biomedical domains, such as traffic planning and management, surveillance, robotics, economics, human-computer interaction prediction, and electrode tracking for surgical planning. A significant amount of research has been done to tackle the problem. However, it is still challenging to design a robust tracking system that can provide solutions for many real-world tracking applications and prediction. Most of the proposed tracking solutions are complex due to many model parameters. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to develop predictors and trackers that would …

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"At Home We Say, 'Hola!'": Early Childhood Emergent Multiligual Learners' Descriptions Of Language, Mariah Kerry Weber Jan 2021

"At Home We Say, 'Hola!'": Early Childhood Emergent Multiligual Learners' Descriptions Of Language, Mariah Kerry Weber

All ETDs from UAB

Utilizing case study and cross-case qualitative analyses, this study examined how Spanish-speaking early childhood emergent multilingual learners in kindergarten through second grades described language, language use, and language learning within the home and school. After 22 student participants were interviewed, focus students were selected to develop case-studies. To inform the case of the child, the researcher conducted observations as well as interviewed the student’s teacher and family to examine possible contributing spheres of influence to how the child constructed his/her understanding of language. Cross-case analysis was implemented after case study analysis was conducted. Four themes were evident among data: students’ …

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Combining Meg And Fmri To Examine Dynamic Task-Related Brain Activity With High Spatio-Temporal Resolution, Sangeeta Nair Jan 2021

Combining Meg And Fmri To Examine Dynamic Task-Related Brain Activity With High Spatio-Temporal Resolution, Sangeeta Nair

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The characterization of brain networks contributing to healthy learning and memory can inform abnormalities and treatment approaches among clinical populations. A recent shift from lesion-based to network-based approaches of studying healthy and atypical brain development highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding across spatiotemporal domains, particularly in the case of high-level cognitive processes. Both, associative learning and working memory involve distributed and interconnected networks of specialized brain regions. Dynamic communication within- and betweensuch systems are unable to be fully resolved by individual non-invasive imaging techniques such as fMRI or MEG. While fMRI serves as an ideal tool to investigate …

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Hurricanes And Heart Problems: Natural Disaster, Social Capital, And Cardiovascular Mortality, Zachary H. Mccann Jan 2021

Hurricanes And Heart Problems: Natural Disaster, Social Capital, And Cardiovascular Mortality, Zachary H. Mccann

All ETDs from UAB

Social capital refers to the social relationships and structures that provide individuals with material, financial, and emotional resources throughout their lives. Previous research has found an association between high levels of social capital and lower rates of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Severe disasters have been linked to higher rates of all-cause and CVD mortality. In post-disaster settings social capital may be a valuable resource for protecting against both forms of mortality. Past research shows that social capital can improve access to resources, such as food, water, and medical supplies, that reduce all-cause and CVD mortality. Using previous research …

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A Role For Inf-Ɣ-Inducble Transcription Factors In Antibody Secreting Cell Differentiation, Jessica N. Peel Jan 2021

A Role For Inf-Ɣ-Inducble Transcription Factors In Antibody Secreting Cell Differentiation, Jessica N. Peel

All ETDs from UAB

Viral infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Within a viral, interferon (IFN)-ɣ-driven inflammatory microenvironment, B cells may produce antibody which is critical for rapid viral clearance and continued protection from reinfection. However, the roles of IFN-ɣ and IFN-ɣ-induced transcription factors (TFs) in driving antibody secreting cell (ASC) development from their B cell precursors are poorly understood. Herein, we identify two IFN-ɣ-inducible transcription factors (TFs), T-bet and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), that are essential for the differentiation of ASCs from IFN-g-activated B cell precursors. T-bet repressed an IFN-ɣ-inducible inflammatory gene program that was incompatible with ASC formation …

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Balanced Placebo Design With Varenicline: Pharmacological And Expectancy Effects On Medication Adherence, Samantha Schiavon Jan 2021

Balanced Placebo Design With Varenicline: Pharmacological And Expectancy Effects On Medication Adherence, Samantha Schiavon

All ETDs from UAB

Varenicline is one of the most efficacious smoking cessation medications. However, some individuals are unable to adhere to the 12-week medication regimen, primarily due to side effects. Although these side effect may be due to the pharmacological effects of varenicline, there may also be a psychologically rooted explanation (i.e., nocebo effects). Varenicline was once believed to cause serious adverse events and although this has been refuted, concerns regarding its use continue within the general population. This is the first study to differentiate psychological expectancies from pharmacological barriers as it relates to varenicline adherence. Varenicline naïve smokers (N=80) were randomized into …

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Understanding The Role Of Biomechanics In Ovarian Cancer Biology, Alba Martinez Diaz Jan 2021

Understanding The Role Of Biomechanics In Ovarian Cancer Biology, Alba Martinez Diaz

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Mechanical forces including compression, tension, and shear stress are increasingly implicated as instigators of tumor progression. Understanding how mechanobiology drives ovarian cancer is critical to identifying potential therapies. The effect of shear stress is beginning to be studied in ovarian cancer due to the presence of ascites in the peritoneal cavity that prompts tumor cells detachment and implantation in secondary sites. Therefore, mechanical cues are present within the peritoneal cavity. A growing ovarian tumor mass also experiences compressive and tensile forces, although their participation in tumor progression still remains unclear. Additionally, there is a specific lack of incorporation of mechanobiology …

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Dynamic Biomechanical Characteristics Of The Optic Nerve Head By Oct Imaging, Jihee Kim Jan 2021

Dynamic Biomechanical Characteristics Of The Optic Nerve Head By Oct Imaging, Jihee Kim

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Approximately 80 million people in the world were estimated to suffer from glaucoma in 2020. To date, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only clinical treatment to delay or prevent the development and progression of glaucomatous vision loss. However, many glaucoma patients have IOP in the normal range, while some people with abnormally high pressure do not develop neuropathy. This indicates that biomechanical responses of the optic nerve head (ONH) to changes in IOP can vary significantly among individuals. This study investigated acute IOP-induced compliance in the ONH via SDOCT imaging, using computer vision, and deep learning networks to improve …

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Applying Inverse Dynamics To A Biomechanical Model To Determine The Safety Of The Motogaitor, Ezzuddin Abuhussein Jan 2021

Applying Inverse Dynamics To A Biomechanical Model To Determine The Safety Of The Motogaitor, Ezzuddin Abuhussein

All ETDs from UAB

People with mobility impairments caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy (CP),stroke, and spina bifida have difficulty achieving high levels of exercise. The lack of exercise can lead to secondary conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Gait-training devices are already commercially available; however, they are not fit for home use and are expensive. Therefore, there exists a need for an affordable gaittraining device that is compact and promotes exercise and rehabilitation in a home-setting. A motorized gait-training elliptical dubbed the “Motogaitor,” was designed by students to address the needs of people with mobility impairments. In this present study, …

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Kink-Resistant Vascular Grafts With Integrated Capacitance-Based Hemodynamic Monitoring System, Kiran Raj Adhikari Jan 2021

Kink-Resistant Vascular Grafts With Integrated Capacitance-Based Hemodynamic Monitoring System, Kiran Raj Adhikari

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death in the United State and the number of cases is ever so increasing. The rises in the number of CVD patients are due to the increasingly hostile cardiovascular environments, indicated by poor diet, lack of exercise, socioeconomic and other stresses. The treatment often requires the replacement of blood vessels in the patients. For smaller diameter vascular grafts, the failure rate is high and the patency of these replaced grafts decreases significantly over the years. This failure is mostly due to a mismatch of the various properties between the native …

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A Novel In Vitro Model To Study Immune Interactions In Glioblastoma, Hasan Alrefai Jan 2021

A Novel In Vitro Model To Study Immune Interactions In Glioblastoma, Hasan Alrefai

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Despite decades of research, GBM has a median survival of approximately 14 months, necessitating the development of novel GBM therapeutics. The drug-development process has been hindered due to the lack of high-fidelity pre-clinical models. While in-vitro models of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) present an interesting approach to modeling GBM, they typically fail to incorporate the non-cancerous cells that support tumor growth and progression. Others have attempted to address this problem by using techniques such as 3D bioprinting to incorporate astrocytes and macrophages in an extracellular matrix; however, they …

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Cultural Narratives Of Methamphetamine Using Parents And Children, Blake Beaton Jan 2021

Cultural Narratives Of Methamphetamine Using Parents And Children, Blake Beaton

All ETDs from UAB

People who use drugs are at a greater risk of being stigmatized than those who do not. Those who use drugs and parent children are at an even greater risk of stigmatization due to social expectations for parents to be accountable for their children. Therefore, it is acutely important that parents who use drugs form distinctions between themselves (i.e. good parents) and other drug using parents who are more deserving of social demonization. Previous research on drug users has demonstrated their attempts to distance themselves from other drug users using symbolic boundaries. These symbolic boundaries create clearer distinctions between oneself …

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Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs Jan 2021

Structural Changes To Desmosomal Architecture During Assembly And Maturation, Reena R. Beggs

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Desmosomes are macromolecular junctions important in adhesion and resisting mechanical stress in epithelial and cardiac tissue. Desmosomes have a complex architecture with transmembrane cadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins, constituting the adhesive interface and plaque proteins, including plakoglobin and desmoplakin, binding the cadherin tails and integrating with intermediate filaments. Dysregulation of desmosomes occurs in many disease states, such as cardiomyopathies, skin diseases, and various cancers. While mature desmosomes' structure is generally understood, less is known about desmosome architecture during assembly and recycling. Desmosomes are dynamic, biochemically intractable, and diffraction-limited, making them challenging to study. To overcome these obstacles, I applied the super-resolution …

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Neural And Neuropsychological Correlates Of Driving In Autism And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Haley Bednarz Jan 2021

Neural And Neuropsychological Correlates Of Driving In Autism And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Haley Bednarz

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly exhibit difficulty with driving. Understanding the neuropsychological factors that contribute to driving difficulty can inform designing effective training programs for these groups. The overarching goal of the current project was to examine how core sociocognitive deficits of ASD and of ADHD (specifically executive functioning (EF) and theory of mind (ToM)) relate to driving behavior among licensed drivers. To comprehensively investigate this question, we employed a multipronged approach involving three modalities of measurement: 1) driving performance in a driving simulator, 2) comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, and 3) neural response …

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Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles Jan 2021

Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles

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While several studies have shown that caregiving duties are correlated with poor mental health outcomes, little is known about this association and how it varies by the type of care provided, as well as the other types of social roles that the caregiver occupies. Furthermore, the nature of these associations amongst caregivers who have been diagnosed with a chronic condition themselves is also unclear. Role Strain theory offers a foundation by which we can begin to understand the level of burden that results from occupying multiple social roles including that of caregiving. Using dating from the WHO Study on Global …

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Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega Jan 2021

Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega

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This narrative ethnographic research study focused on the personal and schooling stories and counter-stories of three Latina teachers living and teaching in the Deep South. Using three contemporary young adult literature texts written by Latina authors, this three-month short term narrative ethnographic study sought to explore the lived experiences of three Latina teachers in the Deep South by way of testimonios (Espino, Munoz, and Kiyama, 2010) imbued with muxerista portraiture (Flores, 2017). The theoretical frameworks of LatCrit in education (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Chicana/Latina Feminism guided every aspect of this study, which occurred during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Both …

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Cubic Symmetric Laminations, Sandeep Chowdary Vejandla Jan 2021

Cubic Symmetric Laminations, Sandeep Chowdary Vejandla

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To study the \emph{parameter space of all polynomials of degree $d$} with connected Julia sets, Thurston proposed studying the space of all \emph{$\sigma_d$-invariant laminations}, where $\sigma_d:\mathbb S\to\mathbb S$ is the degree $d$ covering map of the unit circle defined by $\sigma_d(z)=z^d$. A lamination is a family of chords in the unit disk satisfying the following property. No two chords in a lamination intersect inside the disk. Thurston built a topological model for the space of quadratic polynomials $f(z) = z^2 +\lambda$ using a parametrization of the space of quadratic invariant laminations. He completed this approach for the space of quadratic …

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An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers Jan 2021

An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers

All ETDs from UAB

Delirium, or the sudden onset of confusion, is common, highly distressing, debilitating, and deadly among hospitalized older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes for their family caregivers. As people are living longer with more complex conditions, more people will face the task of caregiving for older adults with delirium. Family caregivers can make meaningful contributions to delirium care, but high distress, insufficient knowledge, and lack of skills often seen in caregivers can lead to maladaptation and negative health outcomes. A few studies have focused on distress in caregivers from witnessing delirium episodes; however more research is needed to understand …

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Choking Under Pressure Detection Model Based On Expert System Foundation Using Tennis Performance Variables For Individual Performance Enhancement, Stepan Vancurik Jan 2021

Choking Under Pressure Detection Model Based On Expert System Foundation Using Tennis Performance Variables For Individual Performance Enhancement, Stepan Vancurik

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Choking under pressure is a phenomenon understood as underperformance or suboptimal performance in a particular task or an action that occurs due to the presence of pressure situations. The phenomenon is feared by many people, especially athletes. Choking has been heavily addressed and studied in psychology and behavioral science research. Research works addressing the phenomenon have also been occasionally published in scientific literature; however, a structural approach to objectively measure, analyze, identify, and define its determinants is absent. Therefore, this dissertation study attempts to add to the existing choking research by proposing a novel approach for choking identification, analyzing domain …

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Effects Of Chemical Dispersant (Corexit® Ec9500a) On Gill Structure And Function, And The Associated Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Mediated Stress Response In The Blue Crab (Callinectus Sapidus), Amanda Christine Weiner Jan 2021

Effects Of Chemical Dispersant (Corexit® Ec9500a) On Gill Structure And Function, And The Associated Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Mediated Stress Response In The Blue Crab (Callinectus Sapidus), Amanda Christine Weiner

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Chemical dispersants are fast becoming the most widely used tool in the remediation of spilled oil. The sheer magnitude of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill necessitated the use of multiple forms of remediation at scales never attempted. As a result, there is a critical need to understand how the spill and ensuing cleanup efforts impacted the surrounding ecosystem and its inhabitants. The goal of this research is to better understand the impact of the chemical dispersant (Corexit®EC9500A) on a key ecological and economic species, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), in the Gulf of Mexico. The first part of my dissertation …

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Polymeric Vesicles: Design, Synthesis And Characterization, Yiming Yang Jan 2021

Polymeric Vesicles: Design, Synthesis And Characterization, Yiming Yang

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Synthetic nanovesicles, known as liposomes, are assembled from synthetic lipids as encapsulation devices for delivery of small molecules and are now a key component of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Due to their similarity to a cell membrane, liposomes also find use in anticancer treatment to reduce toxic side effects of chemotherapy. However, synthetic liposomes may require a multi-step synthesis, and very often show poor physical and chemical stability. In contrast, polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) assembled from synthetic polymers can boast much better mechanical and chemical stabilities and provide stimuli responsiveness that can enhance targeted drug delivery and provide drug release on-demand. Polymersomes …

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Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang Jan 2021

Biological Pathways And Processes Underlying The Cardiac Regenerative Response Post-Injury In Small And Large Mammals, Eric Yang Zhang

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Mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell-cycle shortly after birth. Consequently, the adult heart is unable to properly compensate for cardiac muscle lost to injury. As such, heart failure has remained the leading cause of death in the developed world for more than three decades. In this work, we illustrate our findings in using novel in-vivo animal models to examine two regenerative phenomena observed following myocardial injury:i.) neonate cardiomyocyte proliferation in large mammals ii.) the ‘paracrine effect’ as mediated by mesenchymal stromal cells In i.) we use a large animal model of myocardial injury during the early postnatal develop-mental stage to establish …

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