Digital Commons Network^™

Transport Of Dietary Anti-Inflammatory Peptide, Γ-Glutamyl Valine (Γ-Ev), Across The Intestinal Caco-2 Monolayer, Snigdha Guha, Sophie Alvarez, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The present study analyzed the transepithelial transport of the dietary anti-inflammatory peptide, -glutamyl valine (γ-EV). γ-EV is naturally found in dry edible beans. Our previous study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potency of γ-EV against vascular inflammation at a concentration of 1mM, and that it can transport with the apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of 1.56 x 10^-6 ± 0.7 x 10^-6 cm/s across the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether the permeability of the peptide could be enhanced and to elucidate the mechanism of transport of γ-EV across Caco-2 cells. The …

Performance Of Two Handheld Nir Spectrometers To Quantify Crude Protein Of Composite Animal Forage And Feedstuff, Isaac R. Rukundo, Mary-Grace C. Danao, James C. Macdonald, Randy L. Wehling, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Two handheld near infrared (NIR) spectrometers were used to quantify crude protein (CP) content of mixed forage and feedstuff composed of Sweet Bran, distiller’s grains, corn silage, and corn stalk. First was a transportable spectrometer, which measured in the visible and NIR ranges (320–2500 nm) with a spectral interval of 1 nm (H1). Second was a smartphone spectrometer, which measured from 900–1700 nm with a spectral interval of 4 nm (H2). Spectral data of 147 forage and feed samples were collected by both handheld instruments and split into calibration (n= 120) and validation (n= …

Effects Of Ball Milling Combined With Cellulase Treatment On Physicochemical Properties And In Vitro Hypoglycemic Ability Of Sea Buckthorn Seed Meal Insoluble Dietary Fiber, Yulian Zhu, Xiaolong Ji, Michael Yuen, Tina Yuen, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

To improve the rough texture and hypoglycemic ability of sea buckthorn insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), a novel combined modification method was developed in this study. The IDF was treated with ball milling and cellulase treatment to obtain co-modified insoluble dietary fiber (CIDF). The physicochemical and functional properties of IDF, milled insoluble dietary fiber (MIDF), and CIDF were studied. After treatments, MIDF had smaller particle sizes and a looser structure, and CIDF exhibited a wrinkled surface and sparse porous structure according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Compared to IDF, MIDF and CIDF showed improved water-holding, oil-binding, and swelling …

Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of A High Purity Oligomeric Procyanidin Prepared From Sea Buckthorn By A Green Method, Yulian Zhu, Michael Yuen, Wenxia Li, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Procyanidin is an important polyphenol for its health-promoting properties, however, the study of procyanidin in sea buckthorn was limited. In this paper, sea buckthorn procyanidin (SBP) was obtained through a green isolation and enrichment technique with an extraction rate and purity of 9.1% and 91.5%. The structure of SBP was analyzed using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that SBP is an oligomeric procyanidin, mainly composed of (􀀀 )-epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B, (+)-gallocatechin-(+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin dimer. SBP showed superior scavenging capacity on free radicals. Furthermore, the cleaning rate of the ABTS …

Integration Of The Metabolome And Transcriptome Reveals The Metabolites And Genes Related To Nutritional And Medicinal Value In Coriandrum Sativum, Wu Tong, Feng Shu-Yan, Yang Qi-Hang, Preetida J. Bhetariya, Gong Ke, Cui Chun-Lin, Song Jie, Ping Xiao-Rui, Pei Qiao-Ying, Yu Tong, Song Xiao-Ming

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) or Chinese parsley is a culinary herb with multiple medicinal effects, which is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is enriched with essential oils and anti-oxidant compounds with unknown significance. To explore the untapped reservoir of Coriander, we studied the transcriptome and metabolic profiles from three developmental stages. Here, we identified 10 tyrosine metabolic pathway-related genes (TMPRGs), six porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway-related genes (PCMPRGs), and five Vitamin E metabolic pathway-related genes (VEMPRGs). These genes were associated with the early development of Coriander. Our analysis suggests that these pathways …

A Representation Learning Model Based On Variational Inference And Graph Autoencoder For Predicting Lncrna‑Disease Associations, Zhuangwei Shi, Han Zhang, Chen Jin, Xiongwen Quan, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs are related to plenty of human diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to predict potential lncRNAdisease associations for disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Dozens of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been adopted to this problem, yet it is still challenging to learn efficient low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional features of lncRNAs and diseases to predict unknown lncRNA-disease associations accurately. Results: We proposed an end-to-end model, VGAELDA, which integrates variational inference and graph autoencoders for lncRNA-disease associations prediction. VGAELDA contains two kinds of graph autoencoders. Variational graph autoencoders (VGAE) infer …

Online Library Skills Of Music Educators And Music Students In Nigeria, Edith Nwakaego Nwokenna, Ogechukwu Vivian Amanambu, Blessing Chisom Umeano

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Tertiary institution libraries have expanded the traditional library model, which focuses on the management of physical resources and activities, to include an online library model, which converts resources and services into digital formats to support teaching, learning, and research, as academic library functions and activities continue to evolve. This change has had an impact on professional roles and activities of both educators and students as a result of the increased skills required. The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent of online library skills among music educators and music students in Nigerian tertiary institutions. A study sample of …

Occupational Stressors And Their Influence On Social, Physical And Psychological Parameters Among The Lis Professionals In University Libraries Of Gujarat: A Study, Pradip Patel Phd, Mahesh Parmar Phd, Prayatkar Kanadiya Phd, Ranjan Makwana Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The pressure experienced by any working professional in their working surroundings called occupation stress is the reaction when characteristics and working conditions do not match with capacity, resources, environment, and needs of the professionals. LIS field is basically a core service sector and LIS professionals are also suffering with certain stressors. physical or psychological suffering caused by stress reduces the man-hours, indirectly reflects in productivity. library professionals experience constant changes in technology, fraction in the budgetary allotment, extensive workload, public dealing all above can make side effect of internal stress. The current study attempted to identify certain stressors and their …

Information Needs And Preferred Sources Among Engineering Lecturers Of Universities In North West Nigeria., Maryam Bako Sanusi Mrs, Jibril A. Alhassan Prof, Philip Usman Akor

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study investigated information needs and preferred sources among engineering lecturers in North Western, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives they are: to determine the information needs of engineering lecturers, to examine the preferred sources of information among engineering lecturers in universities in North west Nigeria, and to find out the challenges on the provision and use of preferred sources of information in universities in North west Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design. The population for the study comprised of 428 engineering lecturers across universities in North Western Nigeria. Total enumeration/census method was employed and a self-designed …

Assessing The Information Seeking Behaviour Of Researchers At The Okavango Research Institute, Botswana, Mosepele Mabutho, Janneke Mostert

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The Okavango Research Institute (ORI), a branch of the University of Botswana (UB), located in the North Western region of Botswana, serves researchers in the natural and social sciences. ORI researchers need information to support research that contributes towards sustainable use of Botswana’s wetlands, which includes the Okavango Delta and other related wetlands. This study investigated the information seeking behaviour of ORI’s researchers. The aim of the study was to understand how they seek information, the information sources they use, and the problems they encounter when seeking information. Since ORI is a small institution, all the organization’s researchers were included …

Assessment Of Teachers’ Level Of Information And Communication Technology Skills And Their Attitude To Virtual Teaching: Implication For Library And Information Science Teaching, Ifeoma Clementina Metu Phd, Ngozi Nwabugo Agu Phd, Lydia Ijeoma Eleje Phd, Mercy Ifunanya Ani Phd, Nneka Chinyere Ezeugo Phd, Christian Sunday Ugwuanyi Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

To ensure effective teaching and learning of Library and information science in schools, adequate information, and communication technology skills of teachers are sacrosanct. Thus, this study assessed the level of information and communication technology abilities among secondary school teachers, as well as their attitudes about virtual teaching. In addition, the investigation was intended to see if there is a link between respondents' attitudes about virtual teaching and their ability to use virtual technologies and whether there is a location gap between the study variables. The study's participants are all secondary school teachers in Nigeria's Anambra state public schools. Multi-stage sampling …

A Comparative Study Of India And Australia Open Access Repositories In Opendoar, Alekha Karadia, Dr. Jyotshna Sahoo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

An open access repository or open archive is a digital platform that holds research output and provides free, immediate, and permanent access to research results for anyone to use, download and distribute. To facilitate open access such repositories must be interoperable according to the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Search engines harvest the content of open access repositories, constructing a database of worldwide, free of charge available research. OpenDOAR is the quality-assured, global Directory of Open Access Repositories. Its repositories provide free, open access to academic outputs and resources. This paper deals with Comparative analysis of India …

Pre-Reading Activities And Students’ Achievement In French Oracy: Implication For Evaluation In Library And Information Science, Kenneth O. Eze Phd, Grace C. Offorma Phd, Christian S. Ugwuanyi Phd, Chinedu I.O. Okeke Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Library and Information Science is a profession that is full of people who are passionate about making a positive change in the world. In this profession, the workers are known as Librarians whose duty is to bridge the gaps that exist between people, information and technology. Librarians work to create reader’s advisory resources to encourage young students to develop a lifelong love of reading and learning through pre-reading activities. This paper thus, investigated the effect of pre-reading activities on students’ achievement in French oracy. Using quasi-experimental research design, 154 senior secondary one students participated in the study. French Oracy Achievement …

Reasons To Utilize Scholarly Journals By University Academic Staff, Muhammad Naeem, Khurram Shahzad, Samreen Lateef

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

1. Abstract

1.1 Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to investigate the preferred format of journals (print or online) by faculty members working at GC University Lahore, Pakistan, and to explore the reasons to use print and electronic journals by academic faculty.

1.2 Methodology:

Survey method is selected for this study. The target population of this study was the all-academic faculty members of GC University Lahore. They consisted of 400 faculty members. The convenience sampling technique was used. The researchers designed a semi-structured questionnaire as data collection instrument on the basis of extensive literature review. Before conducting the main survey, …

Citation Analysis Of Doctoral Theses Submitted During 2007 To 2016 In Pakistani Library Schools, Syed Habib Akhter Jaffri, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Tariq Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Citation analysis means the analysis of the citation or reference which are available in reference section of the any research like journals article, reports, and MPhil, PhD theses or any communication, Citation analysis can be used as a tool for knowing reading habits of users in all field of knowledge. It is also helpful to librarian for understanding the interesting valuable literature of research scholar and to recognize the core journals of any field of knowledge. The primarily concerns of this research are to evaluate of the PhD theses which are submitted in the Pakistani library schools. The main objectives …

High Prevalence Of Pre-Existing Serological Cross-Reactivity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars- Cov-2) In Sub-Saharan Africa, For Yue Tso, Salum Lidenge, Phoebe B. Peña, Ashley A. Clegg, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Owen Ngalamika, Peter Julius, John T. West, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Objective: Significant morbidity and mortality have occurred in the USA, Europe, and Asia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the numbers of infections and deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have remained comparatively low. It has been hypothesized that exposure of the population in SSA to other coronaviruses prior to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some degree of cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples collected from SSA and the USA.

Method: Pre-COVID-19 pandemic plasma samples from SSA and the USA were collected and tested by …

The 20th Anniversary Meeting Of The Rocky Mountain Virology Association, Joel Rovnak, Laura A. St Clair, Carley Mcalister, Chinemerem P. Ogbu, Jessica Smolenske, Randall J. Cohrs, Rushika Perera

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and multiple devastating forest fires, the 2020 meeting of the Rocky Mountain Virology Association was held virtually. The three-day gathering featured talks describing recent advances in virology and prion research. The keynote presentation described the measles virus paradox of immune suppression and life-long immunity. Special invited speakers presented information concerning visualizing antiviral effector cell biology in mucosal tissues, uncovering the T-cell tropism of Epstein-Barr virus type 2, a history and current survey of coronavirus spike proteins, a summary of Zika virus vaccination and immunity, the innate immune response to flavivirus infections, a discussion concerning prion …

Chlorovirus Pbcv-1 Multidomain Protein A111/114r Has Three Glycosyltransferase Functions Involved In The Synthesis Of Atypical N-Glycans, Eric Noel, Anna Notaro, Immacolata Speciale, Garry A. Duncan, Cristina De Castro, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The structures of the four N-linked glycans from the prototype chlorovirus PBCV-1 major capsid protein do not resemble any other glycans in the three domains of life. All known chloroviruses and antigenic variants (or mutants) share a unique conserved central glycan core consisting of five sugars, except for antigenic mutant virus P1L6, which has four of the five sugars. A combination of ge- netic and structural analyses indicates that the protein coded by PBCV-1 gene a111/114r, conserved in all chloroviruses, is a glycosyltransferase with three putative domains of approximately 300 amino acids each. Here, in addition to in silico sequence …

Strategies Targeting Hemagglutinin As A Universal Influenza Vaccine, Brianna L. Bullard, Eric A. Weaver

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Influenza virus has significant viral diversity, both through antigenic drift and shift, which makes development of a vaccine challenging. Current influenza vaccines are updated yearly to in- clude strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming influenza season, however this can lead to a mismatch which reduces vaccine efficacy. Several strategies targeting the most abundant and im- munogenic surface protein of influenza, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, have been explored. These strategies include stalk-directed, consensus-based, and computationally derived HA immunogens. In this review, we explore vaccine strategies which utilize novel antigen design of the HA protein to improve cross-reactive immunity for development …

Zika Virus Infection Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Apoptosis In Placental Trophoblasts, Philma Glora Muthuraj, Prakask K. Sahoo, Madison Kraus, Taylor Bruett, Arun S. Annamalai, Aryamav Pattnaik, Asit K. Pattnaik, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Sathish Kumar Natarajan

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection to a pregnant woman can be vertically transmitted to the fetus via the placenta leading to Congenital Zika syndrome. This is characterized by microcephaly, retinal defects, and intrauterine growth retardation. ZIKV induces placental trophoblast apoptosis leading to severe abnormalities in the growth and development of the fetus. However, the molecular mechanism behind ZIKV-induced apoptosis in placental trophoblasts remains unclear. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trophoblasts, and sustained ER stress results in apoptosis. HTR-8 (HTR-8/SVneo), a human normal immortalized trophoblast cell and human choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) were …

Antiretroviral Therapy For Hiv-Associated Cutaneous Kaposi’S Sarcoma: Clinical, Hiv-Related, And Sociodemographic Predictors Of Outcome, Owen Ngalamika, Sody Munsaka, Salum J. Lidenge, John T. West, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining malignancy that can improve or worsen with antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed at identifying clinical, HIV-related, and sociodemographic factors associated with either progression or nonprogression (regression or stable disease) of ART-treated HIV-associated KS in patients with limited cutaneous disease. We conducted a prospective cohort study of ART-treated HIV-associated KS cases. Clinical, HIV-related, and sociodemographic variables were collected at baseline, and patients were followed up to determine treatment outcomes. Cox regression, linear mixed effects model, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used for analysis. Half (50%) of the study participants had KS regression or stable disease, …

A Study On The Pathological Effects Of Trypanorhyncha Cestodes In Dusky Groupers Epinephelus Marginatus From The Canary Islands, Carolina De Sales-Ribeiro, Miguel A. Rivero, Antonio Fernández, Natalia García-Álvarez, Jorge Francisco González, Oscar Quesada-Canales, María José Caballero

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Trypanorhyncha are cestodes commonly infecting marine fish. Numerous studies have detailed the biology of Trypanorhyncha species, but information on the pathological changes produced by these parasites is limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pathological changes produced by Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. The prevalence of trypanorhynch plerocerci was 96%. Grossly, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled …

Excluder: An R Package That Checks For Exclusion Criteria In Online Data, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

Collecting survey data online can result in low-quality data. Survey participants may not complete the survey, may complete the survey too quickly or slowly, may not reside in the country they claim, or may use unacceptable screen types. Also, online surveys are plagued by automated bots attempting to complete the surveys while offering worthless data. Researchers collecting online data may want to check their data for these and other potential criteria to exclude problematic data entries. The excluder package uses three main function types to mark, check, and exclude data based on seven different exclusion criteria.

Improving Measurements Of Similarity Judgments With Machine-Learning Algorithms, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Alexis Polzkill Saltzman, Tanner Rasmussen, Leen-Kiat Soh

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

Intertemporal choices involve assessing options with different reward amounts available at different time delays. The similarity approach to intertemporal choice focuses on judging how similar amounts and delays are. Yet we do not fully understand the cognitive process of how these judgments are made. Here, we use machine-learning algorithms to predict similarity judgments to (1) investigate which algorithms best predict these judgments, (2) assess which predictors are most useful in predicting participants’ judgments, and (3) determine the minimum number of judgments required to accurately predict future judgments. We applied eight algorithms to similarity judgments for reward amount and time delay …

Conservation Status And Natural History Of Ctenomys, Tuco-Tucos In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Sebastian Botero-Cañola, Enzo Aliaga Rossel, Altangerel Tsogtsaikhan Dursahinhan, Jorge A. Salazar-Bravo

Scott L. Gardner Publications

The genus Ctenomys consists of about 70 species and in addition to the Geomyidae of the Nearctic, Neotropical tuco-tucos represent a well-documented case of diversification in the subterranean biotype. Here we will: i) Provide an updated summary of the natural history of the 12 species of extant tuco-tucos from Bolivia; ii) Update information on distributions of each species; and iii) Using ecological niche modeling, evaluate recent and projected habitat transformation or habitat degradation within the known range of each species to provide a preliminary assessment of the preservation or conservation status of ctenomyids within Bolivia. We follow Gardner et al. …

Of Pigs And Men: The Best-Laid Plans For Prevention And Control Of Swine Fevers, Jishu Shi, Lihua Wang, David Scott Mcvey

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

John Steinbeck drew the title of his novel “Of Mice and Men” from a line in a Robert Burns poem “To a mouse”: “The best-laid plans of mice and men/Go often awry.” Unlike John Steinbeck who used the title to mirror the characters who were struggling during the Great Depression to the mouse whose nest was accidentally destroyed by the poet (Burns 1785), we chose this line to emphasize that the best-laid plan can go wrong in infectious disease control and prevention. Here, we will discuss the contributing factors behind the global successes and failures in the prevention and control …

Special Issue: Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Globally, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease, most notably hemorrhagic colitis, and post-diarrheal sequela, such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) [1]. Cattle are a major reservoir of STEC, with approx- imately half of the cases in humans attributable to foodborne exposure [2]. Prevention of human illness has mainly been through food safety measures [2]. Despite extensive research, no other generally accepted and effective preventive measures or therapies for STEC infections in human patients are available [3]. Many questions remain about STEC virulence factors, pathogenesis, detection, and other aspects that necessitate a continua- tion of basic …

Inhibition Of Zika Virus Replication By G-Quadruplex-Binding Ligands, Prativa Majee, Aryamav Pattnaik, Bikash R. Sahoo, Uma Shankar, Asit K. Pattnaik, Amit Kumar, Debasis Nayak

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus, emerged in the last decade causing serious diseases and affecting human health globally. Currently, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available to combat ZIKV, although several vaccine candidates are in the pipeline. In recent years, the presence of non-canon- ical G-quadruplex (GQ) secondary structures in viral genomes has ignited significant attention as potential targets for anti- viral strategy. In this study, we identified several novel conserved potential GQ structures by analyzing published ZIKV genome sequences using an in-house algorithm. Bio- physical and biochemical analysis of the RNA sequences con- taining these potential GQ sequences …

Magnetism In Curved Geometries, Robert Streubel, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Peter Fischer

Robert Streubel Papers

Curvature impacts physical properties across multiple length scales, ranging from the macroscopic scale, where the shape and size vary drastically with the curvature, to the nanoscale at interfaces and inhomogeneities in materials with structural, chemical, electronic, and magnetic short-range order. In quantum materials, where correlations, entanglement, and topology dominate, the curvature opens the path to novel characteristics and phenomena that have recently emerged and could have a dramatic impact on future fundamental and applied studies of materials. Particularly, magnetic systems hosting non-collinear and topological states and 3D magnetic nanostructures strongly benefit from treating curvature as a new design parameter to …

How Digital Leadership Competences And It Capabilities Affect An Organization's Ability To Digitally Transform And Adopt New Technologies, Melissa Brunner, Gabriel Gonzalez-Castañé, Pascal Ravesteijn

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Although much research has been done into the importance of IT Capabilities (ITC), Digital Leadership (DL) and Digital Transformation (DT) with regard to organizations’ firm performance and ability to thrive in the current digital market, there is little research on qualifying which specific ITC and DL competences affect the success of an organization's DT and ultimately impact their ability to adopt newly emerging technologies. This research aims to address the influence of DL and ITC on DT as well as which specific DL competences and ITC might ultimately affect an organization’s ability to successfully adopt newly emerging digital technologies. Quantitative …