Digital Commons Network^™

Transgender Inmates And Sex Reassignment Surgery In Florida: Why Failing To Provide This Standard Of Care, Edwyna Estime

Nova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Blind Justice: Virginia’S Jury Sentencing Scheme And Impermissible Burdens On A Defendant’S Right To A Jury Trial, Mitchell E. Mccloy

Washington and Lee Law Review

This Note argues that Virginia’s mandatory jury sentencing scheme, which bars juries from reviewing state sentencing guidelines, impermissibly burdens a defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial. By analyzing both judge and jury sentencing guidelines compliance rates from the past twenty-five years, this Note demonstrates that in Virginia, a defendant has a significantly higher chance of receiving a harsher sentence after a jury trial than after a bench trial or a guilty plea. Given that judges rarely modify jury sentences, the defendant is effectively left with a choice between two different sentences before plea negotiations can even begin.

Because …

Development And Properties Of The Roc-Abc Bayes Factor For The Quantification Of The Weight Of Forensic Evidence, Jessie Hendricks

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many scholars have proposed the use of a Bayes factor to quantify the weight of forensic evidence. However, due to the complex and high-dimensional nature of pattern evidence, likelihood functions are intractable and thus, Bayes factors cannot be assigned using traditional methods. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) model selection algorithms provide likelihood-free methods to assign Bayes factors. ABC Bayes factors leverage the use of the scoring functions commonly used in recent years in forensic statistics in a rigorous statistical manner. However, traditional methods for assigning ABC Bayes factors are subject of several criticisms. In this dissertation, one of the main criticisms …

Cyberbullying: The Digital World Of Awareness And Emerging Concerns, Christian Jean-Baptiste

Selected Full-Text Master Theses 2021-

The digital world of social media that we’ve all become familiar with by now, has taken over social networking sites (SNS) by storm—such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, etc. We use these online platforms today as a medium to communicate digitally to people all over the world—from friends, to family, loved ones, or even just to meet new people. While that may seem like a vast majority of what the Internet looks like today, there’s still that whole other realm of darkness that haunts people who have been victimized, threatened, intimidated, humiliated, and harassed. The Internet is a world, …

Hiding Homelessness: The Transcarceration Of Homelessness, Sara Rankin

Faculty Articles

Cities throughout the country respond to homelessness with laws that persecute people for surviving in public space, even when unsheltered people lack a reasonable alternative. This widespread practice—the criminalization of homelessness—processes vulnerable people through the criminal justice system with damaging results. But recently, from the epicenter of the homelessness crisis along the West Coast, the Ninth Circuit extended the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment to cities prosecuting unsheltered people for sleeping or camping in public space in Martin v. Boise. Boise, supported by amici from scores of other Western cities and counties, filed a petition for …

Engaging Field And Faculty To Inform The Msw Curriculum, Amie Thurber, Susan Halverson

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

The central purpose of this project is to assess the degree of alignment between the MSW curriculum and the needs of field partners, and, if applicable, to identify ways to enhance that alignment through upcoming curriculum revisions. This report draws on three sources of data: an electronic survey distributed in June 2020 to all people who served as field instructors and/or task supervisors (N: 135 respondents), interviews with a sample of 20 field instructors (N:20), and an electronic survey distributed in October 2020 by the MSW Program Director to all MSW instructors (N:38). Findings from this report are intended to …

Front Matter, Volume 53

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Foreword: American Society Of International Law's 10th Midyear Meeting, Michael P. Scharf, Bethany Gump Jones

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Offender Rehabilitation In International Criminal Justice: Towards Implementation Of Tailored Rehabilitation Programs, Marina Maier

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

An Empirical Analysis To Control Product Counterfeiting In The Automotive Industry's Supply Chains In Pakistan, Saad Akhter Jaffery

Doctoral

The counterfeits pose significant health and safety threat to consumers. The quality image of firms is vulnerable to the damage caused by the expanding flow of counterfeit products in today’s global supply chains. The counterfeiting markets are swelling due to globalization and customers’ willingness to buy counterfeits, fueling illicit activities to explode further. Buyers look for the original parts are deceived by the false (deceptive) signals’ communication. The counterfeiting market has become a multi-billion industry but lacks detailed insights into the supply side of counterfeiting (deceptive side). The study aims to investigate and assess the relationship between the anti-counterfeiting strategies …

Naloxone/Buprenorphine, Methadone, Naltrexone And Their Role In Medication Assisted Treatment, Robert Barrett

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an increasingly common diagnosis that has drastically increased in the last 5 years. Though multiple treatment modalities exist for treating OUD (naltrexone, buprenorphine, methadone), few studies have compared treatment outcomes in adults on long term therapy. This is an important topic to understand as providers as we will undoubtedly come into contact with patients either actively abusing opioid antagonists or in recovery from opioid abuse. Since the introduction of Oxycontin and subsequent over prescription of opioid analgesics, opioid overdoses have increased by over twelve-fold. Once providers began to realize a widespread pattern of abuse, …

Mental Distress Calls: Should Police Be Frontline Responders?, Audrey Suwarno

Capstone Showcase

Due to an over-reliance on law enforcement, police officers have become frontline responders to individuals suffering with mental illness, despite not being properly trained to handle such situations. Many studies have addressed officers’ feelings of incompetence and lack of preparedness when faced with an individual in distress. Without proper training, police tend to resort to force against individuals in mental distress, which can escalate the situation even further. This paper serves to analyze the excessive use of force that is commonly used amongst police officers during mental distress calls, as well as its potentially dangerous and fatal outcomes for individuals …

“I’Ll Have What She’S Having!”: Depictions Of Orgasm In Heterosexual Pornography Labeled For Female Consumption, Kelley Anne Ambrose

Capstone Showcase

This research paper aims to discuss and bring awareness to orgasm representation within heterosexual pornography that is specifically labeled for female consumption. Major areas of focus are on the orgasm gap and clitoral stimulation, sexual satisfaction in heterosexual relationships, and aggressive and violent behaviors depicted in pornography and sexual interactions. These areas are crucial because current research is lacking; it is necessary for more research to be conducted that focuses on orgasm representation and satisfaction. If realistic depictions of sexual intercourse are shown in pornographic content, it may bring expectations for consumers that could lead to higher rates of sexual …

The Impact Of Personal Income Tax On State Government Revenues, Christianah Odubena

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

There are competing theories on the impact of tax policy on the economy. Many policymakers believe that cutting income taxes stimulates the economy, while others believe that tax cuts adversely affect the economy. Income taxes face the most opposition from governors and legislators, despite generating huge amounts of revenue. However, whether policymakers decide on cutting or raising personal income taxes, this can significantly affect state government revenues—either negatively or positively, most especially states whose primary source of revenue is personal income tax. Recently, Tennessee and Kentucky passed major tax reforms in 2017 and 2018 respectively, with broadly different policy goals. …

The Association Between Experiencing Police Arrest And Suicide Ideation Among Emerging Young Adults: Does Race Matter?, Manik Ahuja, Kathie Records, Angela M. Haeny, Eleni M. Gavares, Hadii M. Mamudu

ETSU Faculty Works

The objective of the study was to examine the association between lifetime arrest and marijuana-related first arrest with past-year suicide ideation among Black and White people. We used data from Wave-IV (2008–2009; N = 5114) of the publicly available National Adolescent Health Study (Add Health) data. A total of 4313 Non-Hispanic Black and White participants were selected for this study. Logistic regression was used to assess whether lifetime arrest and marijuana-related arrests were associated with past year suicide. Overall, 28.8% of the sample reported lifetime arrest, 6.3% reported lifetime suicide ideation, and 3.7% reported marijuana-related arrest. A significantly higher percentage …

2015-2016, University Of Memphis Bulletin

Bulletins

University of Memphis bulletin containing the graduate catalog for 2015-2016.

Standing Between The Past And The Future, How Defense Attorneys Use Stigma Management Techniques In Presenting Their Closing Arguments In Capital Sentencing Procedures: A Content Analysis, Abdulrahmane Abdul-Aziz

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

In the penalty-phase of a capital case, defense attorneys face a difficult task in managing the identity of their now convicted client. They must present a coherent narrative that combats the prosecution’s case and engenders leniency from the jury. The closing argument given by the defense attorney(s) provides a unique opportunity to analyze and understand the general use of stigma management techniques and their applicability to capital cases. Using content analysis, 18 Transcripts from Texas capital cases from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed against the relevant techniques of neutralization (Sykes & Matza, 1957): appeal to a higher loyalty, appeal to …

Full Faith & Credit For Victims Of Human Trafficking, Joseph Woltmann

University of San Francisco Law Review

No abstract provided.

Debating Diya: Indirect Rule And The Transformation Of Islamic Law In British Colonial Northern Nigeria, Rabiat Akande

All Papers

Leading academic authority on British imperial governance, Dame Margery Perham famously made the above remark on the workings of indirect rule in Northern Nigeria—the colonial state resulting from the 1903 British conquest of the West African Sokoto Caliphate. First emerging on the heels of the 1857 mutiny in British India, British colonial indirect rule had a long and checkered history predating its arrival in Nigeria. The dominant understanding of the Indian rebellion was that of a revolt against empire’s anglicizing project with the consequence that it spurred the colonial state to turn to governing colonial populations through native institutions within …

Economic Success In The United States, Jason Render Jr.

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In this research project, I examine the factors that impact the economic success of an individual within the United States. In particular, I investigate the impact of inherent privilege and the impact which socioeconomic upbringing has on the economic success of an individual within American society. This investigation into economic success and the impact of inherent privilege will examine both poor and affluent U.S. citizen populations to find common factors present within both groups. The research will then examine how these factors impact an individual’s overall economic success as a result of the barriers which are inherent based on an …

Chopped & Screwed: Hip Hop From Cultural Expression To A Means Of Criminal Enforcement, Taifha Natalee Alexander

Faculty Publications

Take the word “overseer” like a sample. Repeat it very quickly in a crew, for example. Overseer, overseer, overseer, overseer. Officer, officer, officer, officer. Yeah, officer from overseer. You need a little clarity? Check the similarity! The overseer rode around the plantation. The officer is off, patrollin’ all the nation. The overseer could stop you, “what you’re doing?” The officer will pull you over just when he’s pursuing. The overseer had the right to get ill. And if you fought back, the overseer had the right to kill. The officer has the right to arrest. And if you fight back …

Restorative Approaches To Intimate Partner Violence And Sexual Harm, Donna Coker (Ed.)

Articles

No abstract provided.

Catching Up With Hpv Immunization: An Educational Video For College Students, Behrooz R. Soleimani

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US, and it can lead to minor health problems such as genital warts and serious problems like cancer in men and women. HPV vaccination can effectively prevent HPV-related cancers and is recommended by ACIP to individuals aged 9-26. HPV vaccine uptake is low among adolescents and young adults in the US. College students have a window of opportunity to catch up with their HPV immunizations, and are often uninformed about HPV, the HPV vaccine, their eligibility to receive the HPV vaccine, and where they can obtain the HPV vaccine. An …

When Public Defenders And Prosecutors Plea Bargain Race – A More Truthful Narrative, Elayne E. Greenberg

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

This paper challenges prevailing stereotypes about public defenders and prosecutors and updates those stereotypes with a more accurate narrative about how reform-minded public defenders and prosecutors can plea bargain race to yield more equitable justice outcomes.

I was invited to the discussion about criminal justice reform in plea bargaining, because of my work in dispute resolution, dispute system design, and discrimination. Plea bargaining is a justice system negotiation that is used in upwards of 97% of criminal case dispositions. Unlike many of my colleagues in criminal justice reform who have also had years of experience working in the criminal …

Addressing Racial Inequities In The Criminal Justice System Through A Reconstruction Sentencing Approach, Jelani Jefferson Exum

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Justice reform is having a moment. Across the nation and in the federal government, legislation has passed “to reduce the scale of incarceration and the impact of collateral consequences of a felony conviction.” While some of these reforms were the result of fiscal concerns over mass incarceration, others were in response to the criminal justice reckoning brought on by events of 2020 and intensified calls for racial justice. In the summer of 2020 media attention on the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor sparked nationwide and global protests and accompanying antiracism pledges by individuals and institutions. This …

Unshackling Plea Bargaining From Racial Bias, Elayne E. Greenberg

Faculty Publications

“History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, [but] if faced with courage, need not be lived again.”

Dr. Maya Angelou

When an African American male defendant tries to plea bargain an equitable justice outcome, he finds that the deep-rooted racial bias that casts African American men as dangerous, criminal and animalistic, compromises his justice rights. Plea bargaining has become the preferred process used to secure convictions for upwards of 97 percent of cases because of its efficiency. This efficiency, however, comes at a cost. The structure and process of plea bargaining makes it more likely that the historical racial …

Victims, Right?, Anna Roberts

Faculty Publications

In criminal contexts, a “victim” is typically defined as someone who has been harmed by a crime. Yet the word commonly appears in legal contexts that precede the adjudication of whether a crime has occurred. Each U.S. state guarantees “victims’ rights,” including many that apply pre-adjudication; ongoing “Marsy’s Law” efforts seek to expand and constitutionalize them nationwide. At trial, advocates, judges, and jury instructions employ this word even though the existence or not of crime (and thus of a crime victim) is a central question to be decided. This usage matters in part because of its possible consequences: it risks …

Special Education No Man's Land, Adrián E. Alvarez

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

Since 2014, unaccompanied immigrant children have migrated to the United States in staggering numbers. The vast majority come from the Northern Triangle countries of Central America—El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras—and many are fleeing some of the highest homicide rates in the world. Immigration lawyers have highlighted many problems with the federal regime that cares for these children before they are released to family members or other adults living in the United States while their immigration cases move forward. Yet there is one group of unaccompanied minors that is not even on the radar of many advocates: unaccompanied children with …

Presumed Punishable: Sentencing On The Streets And The Need To Protect Black Lives Through A Reinvigoration Of The Presumption Of Innocence, Jelani Jefferson Exum

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Following the police killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020, there has been a renewed focus on protecting Black people in America from excessive police violence. While the images of George Floyd were shocking to the public, that level of extreme violence and disregard for life has been a common aspect of the lives of Black Americans throughout history. In America, Black people are "pre­sumed punishable." Due to the historical and persistent biases against Black people, Black people find themselves subject to false assumptions about their criminality and presumptions that they are deserving of punishment. This stands …

Deapsecure Computational Training For Cybersecurity Students: Improvements, Mid-Stage Evaluation, And Lessons Learned, Wirawan Purwanto, Yuming He, Jewel Ossom, Qiao Zhang, Liuwan Zhu, Karina Arcaute, Masha Sosonkina, Hongyi Wu

University Administration Publications

DeapSECURE is a non-degree computational training program that provides a solid high-performance computing (HPC) and big-data foundation for cybersecurity students. DeapSECURE consists of six modules covering a broad spectrum of topics such as HPC platforms, big-data analytics, machine learning, privacy-preserving methods, and parallel programming. In the second year of this program, to improve the learning experience, we implemented a number of changes, such as grouping modules into two broad categories, "big-data" and "HPC"; creating a single cybersecurity storyline across the modules; and introducing post-workshop (optional) "hackshops." Two major goals of these changes are, firstly, to effectively engage students to maintain …