Digital Commons Network^™

Ale Beer Containing Free And Immobilized Lactobacillus Brevis, A Potential Delivery System For Probiotics, Kriza Faye Calumba, Vondel Reyes, Franklin Bonilla, Elio Villasmil, Subramaniam Sathivel

Faculty Publications

Abstract: Probiotics in ale beer may be attractive to health-conscious consumers. However, beer conditions may decrease probiotic viability. Powder produced from durian (Durio zibethinus) rind, a by-product that is currently unutilized, can be used for the immobilization of probiotics. MRS medium was incubated with Lactobacillus brevis and periodically sampled to obtain the growth curve. Ale beer with free L. brevis and cells immobilized in durian rind powder was produced and separately assessed during storage at 21 °C for 24 days. The physico-chemical parameters of both beers did not differ significantly. Durian rind powder conferred protection up to 12 days of …

Household Chaos, Family Routines, And Young Child Movement Behaviors In The U.S. During The Covid-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: The home environment is an important facilitator of young child movement behaviors, including physical activity (PA), sleep, and screen-time. Household chaos, characterized by crowding, noise, and disorder in the home, may hinder efforts to obtain adequate amounts of movement behaviors. The COVID-19 outbreak impacted many families, and social distancing during this time may create conditions for more household chaos. Family routines can help establish order in the home and encourage an appropriate balance of movement behaviors, such as less screen-time and more sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between household chaos and young child …

Adolescents’ Sedentary Time, Affect, And Contextual Factors: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Chelsea L. Kracht, Robbie A. Beyl, Jaclyn P. Maher, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Background: Few adolescents achieve sufficient levels of physical activity, and many are spending most of their time in sedentary behavior. Affective response following sedentary time may influence motivation to remain sedentary. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a real-time data capture methodology that can be used to identify factors influencing sedentary time, such as the context of the home setting, and resulting affective state within a free-living setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between context at home and adolescent sedentary time, and the relationship of sedentary time and subsequent affect. Methods: Adolescents (n = 284; 10–16 …

E-&Mhealth Interventions Targeting Nutrition, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And/Or Obesity Among Children: A Scoping Review Of Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses, Chelsea L. Kracht, Melinda Hutchesson, Mavra Ahmed, Andre Matthias Müller, Lee M. Ashton, Hannah M. Brown, Ann Desmet, Carol A. Maher, Chelsea E. Mauch, Corneel Vandelanotte, Zenong Yin, Megan Whatnall, Camille E. Short, Amanda E. Staiano

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Childhood obesity is a public health concern. Electronic and mobile health (e-&mHealth) approaches can facilitate the delivery of interventions for obesity prevention and treatment. Synthesizing reviews of e-&mHealth interventions to improve weight and weight-related behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet) is useful to characterize the current scope of the literature and identify opportunities for future reviews and studies. Using a scoping review methodology, we aimed to evaluate the breadth and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of e-&mHealth interventions targeting weight and weight-related behaviors in children and adolescents aged < 19 years. A systematic search of seven databases was conducted, including reviews published between 2000 and 2019. Review characteristics were extracted, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Forty-five systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. All reviews evaluated intervention efficacy (100%), but few assessed other aspects (20% in total) such as cost-effectiveness. Smartphone applications (47%), text messages (44%), and websites (35%) were the main modalities. Weight (60%), physical activity (51%), and diet (44%) were frequently assessed, unlike sedentary behavior (8%). Most reviews were rated as having critically low or low methodological quality (97%). Reviews that identify the effective active ingredients of interventions and explore metrics beyond efficacy are recommended.

Effects Of Human Activities On The Afaka Afforestation Project, Kaduna North, Kaduna State, Nigeria, Mamman Shaba Jibril, Mary Oluyemisi Ariyo, Ali Williams Butu, Chukwudi Nnaemeka Emeribe

Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments)

The study aimed to investigate the effects of human activities on the Afaka afforestation project, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured interview was used to evaluate the level of community involvement in the modification of the forest project, their perceived environmental effects of landcover loss. Landsat images of 1986, 1999 and Sentinel-2 image of 2017 were applied for detection of changes in land use/land cover over the years (1986-2017). The study found that the land cover structure of the forest reserve has changed significantly. In 1986, area under crop cultivation was 19.24%, built-up areas, 0.08%, disturbed forest, 7.57%, gully, 2.60%, riparian vegetation, …

Acute Consumption Of A Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Impairs Microvascular Function In Midwestern Hispanic Males, Emma Hirshman, Anne R. Crecelius

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Hispanic males are at risk for cardiovascular disease and consume high levels of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB); yet, their acute vascular response to SSBs is unknown. Ten healthy Hispanic men (18-45 years old) consumed a SSB and reactive hyperemia was performed prior to, immediately following, and 1-hr post-consumption. Both peak and total (area under the curve) forearm blood flow were attenuated immediately following consumption but returned to at or above pre-consumption levels at the 1-hr test.

Characterization Of Dirt On White-Shelled Table Eggs Through Image Analysis [Research Note], Maria Patricia Azanza, Dominic Panaligan, Bryan Kenneth Desierdo

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The study reports the laboratory-scale use of image analysis to categorize dirty white-shelled table eggs. Data generated from image analysis were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with established standards categorizing dirty white-shelled table eggs for washing and sanitation or for use in food processing. The average Quartile 1 (2.49%) and Quartile 3 (9.28%) values of percent surface dirt were found to be proximate to quality standard guidelines values of ≤ 3.12% and < 10% from USDA (2000) and PNS (2005), respectively. These limits were recommended as possible guidelines for classifying eggs into those that are acceptable as table eggs, acceptable for processing with washing and sanitation, and unacceptable for food use.

Postharvest 24-Epibrassinolide And Chitosan Treatments Affect Quality Of ‘Balady Banzahir’ Limes During Shelf Life [Research Note], Mohamed A. Awad, Adel Al-Qurashi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Limes undergo internal metabolic changes during storage at ambient, resulting in rind disorders and green color fading that decrease consumer preferences and market demand. To elucidate the effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and chitosan (CT) treatments on the postharvest quality of citrus fruit, freshly harvested mature-green ‘Balady Banzahir’ limes were dipped for 15 min in 20 μM EBR and 1% CT alone or in combination and kept at ambient (23 ± 1°C and 60 – 70% RH) for 20 days. EBR or CT treatments retained fruit quality during shelf life as shown by higher green peel color (lower a* values), …

Establishment Of The In Vitro Culture And Plant Regeneration Of Anubias Barteri Var. Nana 'Mini', Kuan-Hung Lin, Chih-Peng Kuo, Li-Ru Chen

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Anubias barteri is an ornamental aquatic plant of economic importance worldwide. Effective removal of contaminants has been a major problem for the in vitro propagation of A. barteri. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was applied as a pre-disinfectant to treat rhizome bud explants of A. barteri var. nana ‘Mini’ followed by disinfection with mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) to eliminate in vitro contamination. However, application of 0.1% HgCl₂ for 5 min without pre-disinfecting with H₂O₂ significantly reduced the contamination rate to 44.4% compared to other combinations. Moreover, in vitro shoots of A. barteri …

Prevalence Of Chronic Disease In Older Adults In Multitier Eye-Care Facilities In South India: Electronic Medical Records-Driven Big Data Analytics Report, Umesh Chandra Behera, Brooke Salzman, Anthony Vipin Das, Gumpili Sai Prashanthi, Parth Lalakia, Richard Derman, Bharat Panigrahy

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

Purpose: To study the prevalence of systemic conditions in older adults, either self-reported or discovered during routine eye examinations, at multitier eye-care facilities over the past decade, and to explore their association with vision and common ocular disorders, including cataract, glaucoma, and retinopathy.

Methods: Retrospective review of a large data set compiled from the electronic medical records of patients older than 60 years who presented to an eye facility of a multitier ophthalmology network located in 200 different geographical locations that included urban and rural eye-care centers spread across four states in India over a 10-year period.

Results: 618,096 subjects …

Genetic Mapping And Qtl Analysis For Peanut Smut Resistance, Francisco J. De Blas, Cecilia I. Bruno, Renee Arias, Carolina Ballén-Taborda, Eva Mamani, Claudio Oddino, Melina Rosso, Beatriz P. Costero, Marina Bressano, Juan H. Soave, Sara J. Soave, Mario I. Buteler, J. Guillermo Seijo, Alicia Massa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Peanut smut is a disease caused by the fungus Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist to which most commercial cultivars in South America are highly susceptible. It is responsible for severely decreased yield and no effective chemical treatment is available to date. However, smut resistance has been identified in wild Arachis species and further transferred to peanut elite cultivars. To identify the genome regions conferring smut resistance within a tetraploid genetic background, this study evaluated a RIL population {susceptible Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea (JS17304-7-B) × resistant synthetic amphidiploid (JS1806) [A. correntina (K 11905) × A. cardenasii (KSSc 36015)] × A. …

Occasions, Purposes, And Contexts For Offering Snacks To Preschool-Aged Children: Schemas Of Caregivers With Low-Income Backgrounds, Christine E. Blake, Kirsten K. Davison, Rachel E. Blaine, Jennifer O. Fisher

Faculty Publications

Objective Snacking among preschool aged children is nearly universal and has been associated with overconsumed nutrients, particularly solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS). This research examined caregivers’ schemas, or cognitive frameworks, for offering snacks to preschool-aged children.

Methods A qualitative design utilizing card sort methods was employed. Participants were 59 Black, Hispanic, and White caregivers of children aged 3–5 years with low-income backgrounds. Caregivers sorted 63 cards with images of commonly consumed foods/beverages by preschool-aged children in three separate card sorts to characterize snacking occasions, purposes, and contexts. The mean SoFAS content (kcal/100 g) of foods/beverages was evaluated by snacking …

Actions In Global Nutrition Initiatives To Promote Sustainable Healthy Diets, Ligia I. Reyes, Shilpa V. Constantinides, Shiva Bhandari, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Pepijn Schreinemachers, Sigrid Wertheim-Heck, Helen Walls, Michelle Holdsworth, Amos Laar, Tuan Nguyen, Christopher Turner, Kate Wallard, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd

Faculty Publications

Multiple recent global nutrition initiatives have recommended actions to transform food systems to improve food environments and food choice. This study aimed to identify actions recommended by these initiatives and understand their similarities and differences. Twelve global nutrition initiatives were reviewed, collectively spanning 13 action themes and accompanying strategies. Action themes were analyzed according to primary focus on either food environments and their food system drivers or food choice. Representation of the 13 actions varied across initiatives. Some actions overlapped; others were infrequently represented. Strategies targeting food environments and their food system drivers were more frequently recommended than strategies targeting …

Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused By Kodamaea Ohmeri In A Young Child, Amier Haidar, Farhana Khaja, Brian Simms, Amr Issam Elgehiny, Tracy Omoegbele, Nikita Khetan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION:

CASE REPORT: The patient is a 5-year-old male with a history of short gut syndrome, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence who presented to the emergency room with a two-day history of productive-cough, rhinorrhea, and fever. Antibiotic therapy was initiated with cefepime and vancomycin for suspected CLABSI. However, within the first twenty-four hours of his admission, his initial blood culture from his central venous catheter became positive for yeast so fluconazole was added due to suspicion of candidemia. During his admission, his initial central line and peripheral blood culture were later speciated as

CONCLUSIONS: This case report further acknowledges …

Associations Between The Gut Microbiome And Metabolome In Early Life, Quang P. Nguyen, Margaret R. Karagas, Juliette C. Madan, Erika Dade, Thomas J. Palys, Hilary G. Morrison, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan Mcritche, Susan J. Sumner, H. Robert Frost, Anne G. Hoen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationship within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life. Results: Stool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) …

Prenatal Metal Mixtures And Child Blood Pressure In The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort In Greece, Caitlin G. Howe, Katerina Margetaki, Marina Vafeiadi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Marianna Karachaliou, Manolis Kogevinas, Rob Mcconnell, Sandrah P. Eckel, David V. Conti, Maria Kippler, Shohreh F. Farzan, Leda Chatzi

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Child blood pressure (BP) is predictive of future cardiovascular risk. Prenatal exposure to metals has been associated with higher BP in childhood, but most studies have evaluated elements individually and measured BP at a single time point. We investigated impacts of prenatal metal mixture exposures on longitudinal changes in BP during childhood and elevated BP at 11 years of age. Methods: The current study included 176 mother-child pairs from the Rhea Study in Heraklion, Greece and focused on eight elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium) measured in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (median gestational age …

Prenatal Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Child Neurodevelopment, Jiwon Oh

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

Pregnant women are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) primarily via ingestion of contaminated food, water, and house dust. PFAS in pregnant women can be transferred to their child through the placenta during pregnancy. Many long-chain PFAS have been frequently detected in blood of pregnant women, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood for the last few decades. Prenatal exposure to PFAS has shown potential to adversely affect offspring’s neurodevelopment in laboratory animals. However, epidemiological evidence on associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child neurodevelopment remains inconsistent. My dissertation research consists of four sub-studies whose objectives are (1) to examine …

Development Of Bioaffinity Based Assays For Forensic Applications, Juliana Maria Agudelo Cano

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In the field of forensic science, body fluids are a major contributor of evidence in investigations. However, body fluids are usually used only for their genetic content, overlooking its unique composition of proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds that often serve as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. This investigation aimed to develop simple, effective, and economical models that can be used to identify different attributes of the originator. The focus of this research was to develop biocatalytic cascades that could analyze body fluids by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. These models could be implemented in forensic settings, as well as in biometric authentications. The central …

An Investigation Of Open Government Data Utilization And Impact : Influential Factors And Stakeholders, Xiaoyi Yerden

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since 2009, increasing numbers of countries have started their open data development. Through these efforts, they aim to improve government transparency, advocate innovation in public services and business, boost economic development and improve quality of life. In order to achieve these values of Open Government Data (OGD), just making the data open is not enough; OGD has to be actually used by people. Among previous research, there is a limited discussion on the actual utilization of OGD and the generation of OGD impact. Focused on OGD utilization and impact generation, this dissertation is designed 1) to identify research status, gaps …

Empowering Melatonin Therapeutics With Drosophila Models, Cassandra Millet-Boureima, Caroline C. Ennis, Jurnee Jamison, Shana Mcsweeney, Anna Park, Chiara Gamberi

Biology

Melatonin functions as a central regulator of cell and organismal function as well as a neurohormone involved in several processes, e.g., the regulation of the circadian rhythm, sleep, aging, oxidative response, and more. As such, it holds immense pharmacological potential. Receptor-mediated melatonin function mainly occurs through MT1 and MT2, conserved amongst mammals. Other melatonin-binding proteins exist. Non-receptor-mediated activities involve regulating the mitochondrial function and antioxidant cascade, which are frequently affected by normal aging as well as disease. Several pathologies display diseased or dysfunctional mitochondria, suggesting melatonin may be used therapeutically. Drosophila models have extensively been employed to study disease pathogenesis …

Implementing 2nd Milk’S Use Of The World Health Organization Standardized Growth Charts To Better Track The Growth And Development Of The Malnourished And Orphaned Infants In Their Supplemental Nutrition Program In Malawi, Allie Wycoff

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

This article considers the history and implications of the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized growth charts as well as the significant impact that growth chart utilization may have on 2^ndMilk’s ability to understand and track the nutritional status of the malnourished orphaned infants in their formula program. Specifically, this literature review examines whether or not the WHO growth charts are a meaningful tool for 2^ndMilk to adopt into their monthly baby assessments. The WHO growth charts are calibrated to express an accepted international “norm” for what an adequately nourished child looks like. In a recent service-learning …

Food Security, Economic Growth And Price Stability Nexus And Conceptual Issues, Park O. Idisi

Economic and Financial Review

A strong argument that encourages analysing food security and food price stability issues is importance to economic well-being. Nigeria is one of the most food insecure countries and highly affected by all three drivers. For one, the country is vulnerable to price instability and successively hit by environmental disasters, that impact people’s livelihoods. Furthermore, its economy is thriving, but around 48.0 per cent of its population lives below the poverty line (World Bank, 2020; World Poverty Clock, 2020). In addition to that, since 2009 northeastern Nigeria is struck by insurgency. Essentially, sustainability in economic growth is dependent on achievement of …

The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly more prevalent in today’s society and is attributed to an alarming percentage of American hospitalizations and deaths. Americans are unhealthier than ever before, and the main contributor is the Western diet. Diet is a double-edged sword that can offer benefits or detriments to one’s health. CVD encompasses numerous diagnoses originating from various underlying physiological alterations. These alterations are downstream effects of increased body weight and BMI, increased cholesterol levels, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased arterial plaque buildup. Research shows that a plant-based diet has the potential to manage and reverse all fundamental physiological alterations that …

Discerning The True Dilemma Of Diabetes Among Hispanics, Ramon Ponce

Nursing | Senior Theses

There is a common misconception that the primary role of nurses is to follow doctors’ orders and treat patients who are currently suffering and experiencing pain. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes can be prevented and better managed if the population who is greatest at risk is better informed and educated on the disease. Different cultures and ethnicities have different foods that unfortunately puts them at risk to get diabetes. Hispanics typically follow a diet that is high in carbohydrates, saturated fats, and sugars that greatly contribute to the development of diabetes. Often, Hispanics are not educated enough to comprehend the …

Second Look Commission 2021 Annual Report, Tennessee. Commission On Children And Youth.

Second Look Commission Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Competitive Dance: The Physiological And Psychological Effects From The Perspectives Of Current Versus Retired Dancers, Kristen Demaria

Master's Theses

The intent of this research study was to inform students, teachers, and parents of the advantages and disadvantages associated with participation in competitive dance. Through the use of an electronic survey and questionnaire, the researcher evaluated the responses of forty participants through quantitative and qualitative analysis. The participants provided detailed information regarding their personal experiences, both past and present, in regard to the physical, mental, and emotional impact competitive dance had on their life. The research questions addressed in this study were: Q1 What are the effects of competitive dance on a dancer’s physical body? Q2 What are the effects …

Healthcare Assessment Algorithms/Guides In Pandemic Eras: Capturing Critical Data (Aged 65 And Older), Becky Marie Bautch

Doctoral Scholarly Projects & Capstones

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about many concerns for populations across the globe in terms of health and well-being including in the United States. It changed the way patients interact within society and limited access to resources that were once readily available. The American population had to adjust the way they go about what used to be considered normal and address challenges in a new era. Fear of the unknown and the mandated lockdowns in an attempt to stop the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) prevented normal standard healthcare visits for the population. Many patient interviews in primary care are being …

The Yearly Financing Need Of Providing Paid Maternity Leave In The Informal Sector In Indonesia, Adiatma Y. M. Siregar, Pipit Pitriyan, Donny Hardiawan, Paul Zambrano, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Graciela Ma Teruel Belismelis, Meztli Moncada, David Tamayo, Grace Carroll, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, Roger Mathisen

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually, the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia (15–49 years) are informal employees, meaning they are working as casual workers or they are self-employed (small scale business) and assisted by unpaid/family worker(s). No specific maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the financing need of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia. Method: The costing methodology …

Breastfeeding Media Coverage And Beliefs During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Mexico: Implications For Breastfeeding Equity, Mireya Vilar-Compte, P. Gaitán‐Rossi, E. C. Rhodes, V. Cruz‐Villalba, R. Pérez‐Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Because breastfeeding offers short- and long- term health benefits to mothers and children, breastfeeding promotion and support is a public health priority. Evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 is not likely to be transmitted via breastmilk. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are thought to be contained in breastmilk of mothers with history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination. WHO recommends direct breastfeeding as the preferred infant feeding option during the COVID-19 pandemic, even among women with COVID-19; but conflicting practices have been adopted, which could widen existing inequities in breastfeeding. This study aims to describe how information about breastfeeding was communicated in Mexican …

Impact Of Intra-Lecture Physical Exercise On The Learning Outcomes Of Medical Students, Hamad Alfahaad, Bakhaitan Alumair, Mohi Eldin Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Literature suggests that physical exercise can improve learning. To evaluate the impact of physical exercise during lectures on the learning outcomes of 1^st-year male students at the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Method: 60 students from the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were included in this study. These students were divided into two groups: A control group (n=30) and an intervention group (n=30). The students first completed pretests before joining a lecture. Then, during the lecture, the intervention group was asked to perform physical exercises …