Digital Commons Network^™

Kicking The Way Through A Global Pandemic: How Ncaa Division I Soccer Players And Institutions Have Responded To The Covid-19 Pandemic And Related Protocols, Celia Clare Gaynor

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread throughout the United States in 2020, affecting many lives in the process. As health communicators, dealing with this disease and sharing effective health messaging in a fluid and unknown situation was key to preventing greater spread of COVID-19 and keeping the public safe from harm. For athletics, like all other aspects of society, protocols needed to be put in place to ensure that athletes could safely participate and compete in their sport. The present study looks to examine NCAA COVID-19 protocols of mask wearing and social distancing and how NCAA Division 1 …

Combatting Mental Illness In Schools: Are Teachers Ready?, Deshonda Payton

Dissertations

If ever there was a time school districts, principals and teachers had to worry about providing a quality education for students, it is now, at the time of this writing. Due to the Nation's current state in dealing with a worldwide pandemic, the education system as a whole has suffered traumatically, both mentally and emotionally. No longer will teachers be solely responsible for providing students with the essentials necessary to be academically, emotionally, and socially successful in schools. Hundreds of thousands of students suffer from some form of mental illness within our schools. And, the teachers who service and support …

Charting A New Frontier Integrating Mathematical Modeling In Complex Biological Systems From Molecules To Ecosystems, Katharine A. White, Kira D. Mcentire, Nicole R. Buan, Lecia Robinson, Elisar Barbar

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Advances in quantitative biology data collection and analysis across scales (molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological) have transformed how we understand, categorize, and predict complex biological systems. This surge of quantitative data creates an opportunity to apply, develop, and evaluate mathematical models of biological systems and explore novel methods of analysis. Simultaneously, thanks to increased computational power, mathematicians, engineers, and physical scientists have developed sophisticated models of biological systems at different scales. Novel modeling schemes can offer deeper understanding of principles in biology, but there is still a disconnect between modeling and experimental biology that limits our ability to fully realize …

Identifying Factors Affecting Diabetes Education Program Participation Within A Metro Detroit Integrated Health System, Denise White-Perkins, Pam Milan, Kimberly Miazek, Suzanne Havstad, Ganesa Wegienka

Public Health Sciences Articles

Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) can help people achieve optimal disease control, yet these services often remain underutilized. People referred to these programs by their provider can become disengaged in the program at several key steps. This study applies Classification and Regression Tree analysis to 3796 people with diabetes at a single health system based in the Detroit metropolitan area who were referred for DSMES provided by the health system to determine demographic patterns of those who were successfully contacted to schedule program intake appointments, those who did not attend their intake appointment, and those who began but did …

Elevated Stool Inflammatory Markers In Early Onset Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease Following Orthotopic Heart Transplant, Jeremy Stewart, Keith August, Thomas M. Attard

Posters

Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the context of a recent organ transplant with immunosuppression, antibiotic exposure, drug exposures and other comorbidities is a challenging clinical scenario with coordinated multidisciplinary effort needed to optimize management and outcomes. We present a patient with recent solid organ transplant with severe acute gastrointestinal bleeding attributable to EBV associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. The patient is a 13-year-old Female with Williams syndrome who is EBV negative and CMV positive who received an EBV/CMV positive orthotopic heart transplant 5.5 months prior to presentation. She presented with bloody diarrhea, anemia (7.8 gm/dL), hypovolemia, and acute kidney injury (BUN 25 …

Standardizing Resident Education On Gi Service, Jennifer Halma, Kenneth Schmidt

Posters

Introduction: The pediatric residency curriculum at Children’s Mercy Hospital is standardized to offer each trainee the same rotational experience. As a result, each resident spends one month on the inpatient gastroenterology (GI) service during training. This invites variability in the quantity and quality of GI education that residents receive. Therefore, there is a need to design a standard curriculum to provide comprehensive GI education. The aim of this project is to standardize resident education by identifying most requested topics and providing didactic education to increase resident general GI knowledge. Methods: Each month, residents were provided with a survey to assess …

Journal Of Food Law & Policy - Fall 2021, Journal Editors

Journal of Food Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A N2-Fixing Biofertilizer On The Rhizosphere Microbiome And The Influence Of Biochar On Soil Fertility And Microbial Communities, Sarbjeet Niraula

Biology Dissertations - Archive

The rhizosphere microbiota and endosymbionts are the major contributors to biogeochemical cycling and significantly impact the associated host plant. Their association with plant roots is inevitable for plant health and development. The application of bio inoculants that promote plant growth and productivity is a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields because of their nutrient solubilization activity, and are considered environmentally safe. However, their impact on the soil microbiome has been least studied. The use of bio-inoculants may have favorable or unfavorable impacts on the native microbial community in the rhizosphere. Therefore, we attempt to evaluate the effects of …

Temperature Changes During Implant Osteotomy Preparations In Human Cadaver Tibiae Comparing Mis® Straight Drills With Densah® Burs, Andrew C Griggs, Crystal M Fausett, Richard J Simonson, Kimberly N Williams, Tiffany M Bisbey, Elizabeth H Lazzara, Joseph R Keebler, Deborah Diazgranados, Vimal K Mishra, Eric J Thomas, Eduardo Salas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Telerounding is slated to become an important avenue for future healthcare practice. As utilization of telerounding is increasing, a review of the literature is necessary to distill themes and identify critical considerations for the implementation of telerounding. We provide evidence of the utility of telerounding and considerations to support its implementation in future healthcare practice based on a scoping review.

METHOD: We collected articles from nine scientific databases from the earliest dated available articles to August 2020. We identified whether each article centered on telerounding policies, regulations, or practice. We also organized information from each article and sorted themes …

Of Single Nucleotides And Single Cells: Charting The Genotype-Phenotype Map At High Resolution Using Drosophila Melanogaster, Sneha Shreekant Mokashi

All Dissertations

Understanding the mechanisms by which genetic variation brings about phenotypic variation is essential for understanding variation in complex traits. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for such studies. Flies are easy to raise in the laboratory under controlled genetic and environmental conditions and many genetic tools are widely available. To chart the genotype-phenotype map, we need to study how individual genetic variants contribute to phenotypic variation, as well as how environmental perturbations influence gene expression.

Regarding the former, I generated single nucleotide substitutions in Obp56h in a common genetic background. Obp56h, a member of the Odorant binding protein …

In-Person Data Collection During Covid-19: Considerations And Lessons Learned From Conducting Mixed Methods Social And Behavior Change Research In Niger, Breakthrough Research

Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and Choices

This brief provides an overview of considerations and lessons learned from conducting in-person mixed methods research in the context of COVID-19. It is intended for global and regional public health program implementers, evaluators, and donors in USAID priority countries. Using an applied example from the RISE II Integrated SBC Evaluation carried out by Breakthrough RESEARCH, the brief provides an overview of the COVID-19 situation in Niger and describes how researchers deliberated on various data collection strategies to conduct a mixed methods evaluation during a global pandemic. The brief then illustrates the steps undertaken to develop and implement a COVID-19 phased …

How Sweet It Is: Fellowship And Continuity In A Church-Based Fall Prevention Program With African American Elders In The Northeastern United States, Michelle L. Ramirez, Cedric H. Jones Jr., Carol Maritz, Donna Jensen

Humboldt Journal of Social Relations

Deaths from unintentional injuries are the seventh leading cause of death among older adults and falls account for the largest percentage of these deaths, with individuals aged ≥85 particularly vulnerable. Physical activity can reduce frailty and prevent falls; however, many elders are not physically active and women, ethnic minorities, and those with low education levels are the least active. Moreover, experiences of racial discrimination can lead to increased stress and unhealthy adaptive behaviors, and the cumulative effects of age and race related stressors have been shown to negatively impact the physical and mental health of elderly African Americans. Thus, participation …

Boise State Magazine, Anna Webb (Editor)

FOCUS on Boise State

No abstract provided.

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Caffeine And Exercise Performance, Nanci S. Guest, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Michael T. Nelson, Jozo Grgic, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, Eric T. Trexler, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Erica R. Goldstein, Douglas S. Kalman, Bill I. Campbell

Faculty Publications

Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows:1.Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Small to moderate benefits of caffeine use include, but are not limited to: muscular endurance, movement velocity and muscular strength, sprinting, jumping, and throwing performance, as well as a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic sport-specific actions.2.Aerobic endurance appears to be the form of exercise with the most consistent moderate-to-large benefits from caffeine use, although the magnitude of …

Siderophore-Mediated Zinc Acquisition Enhances Enterobacterial Colonization Of The Inflamed Gut, Judith Behnsen, Hui Zhi, Allegra T. Aron, Venkateswaran Subramanian, William Santus, Michael H. Lee, Romana R. Gerner, Daniel Petras, Janet Z. Liu, Keith D. Green, Sarah L. Price, Jose Camacho, Hannah Hillman, Joshua Tjokrosurjo, Nicola P. Montaldo, Evelyn M. Hoover, Sean Treacy-Abarca, Benjamin A. Gilston, Eric P. Skaar, Walter J. Chazin, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova, Matthew B Lawrenz, Robert D Perry, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Manuela Raffatellu

Pharmacy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center Faculty Publications

Zinc is an essential cofactor for bacterial metabolism, and many Enterobacteriaceae express the zinc transporters ZnuABC and ZupT to acquire this metal in the host. However, the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (or “Nissle”) exhibits appreciable growth in zinc-limited media even when these transporters are deleted. Here, we show that Nissle utilizes the siderophore yersiniabactin as a zincophore, enabling Nissle to grow in zinc-limited media, to tolerate calprotectin-mediated zinc sequestration, and to thrive in the inflamed gut. We also show that yersiniabactin’s affinity for iron or zinc changes in a pH-dependent manner, with increased relative zinc binding as the …

Unmet Needs In Adolescents And Young Adults With Cancer: A Mixed-Method Study Using Social Media, Eunju Choi

Sigma Foundation for Nursing Research Grant Reports

The purpose of this study is to identify and compare the unmet needs of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer by age and gender.

University Recognizes Employees For 25 Years Of Service, Staff Report

University of Mississippi News

No abstract provided.

5-Ht Recruits Distinct Neurocircuits To Inhibit Hunger-Driven And Non-Hunger-Driven Feeding, Yanlin He, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Krisitine M. Conde, Pingwen Xu, Yongxiang Li, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Julia Wang, Rong Zheng, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Lora Heisler, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Canjun Zhu, Gang Shu, Yong Xu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Obesity is primarily a consequence of consuming calories beyond energetic requirements, but underpinning drivers have not been fully defined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (5-HTDRN) regulate different types of feeding behavior, such as eating to cope with hunger or for pleasure. Here, we observed that activation of 5-HTDRN to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (5-HTDRN → ARH) projections inhibits food intake driven by hunger via actions at ARH 5-HT2C and 5-HT1B receptors, whereas activation of 5-HTDRN to ventral tegmental area (5-HTDRN → VTA) projections inhibits non-hunger-driven feeding via actions at 5-HT2C receptors. Further, hunger-driven feeding gradually activates ARH-projecting 5-HTDRN …

Genomics And Transcriptomics Landscapes Associated To Changes In Insulin Sensitivity In Response To Endurance Exercise Training, Louise Y. Takeshita, Peter K. Davidsen, John M. Herbert, Philipp Antczak, Matthijs K.C. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, S. John Weisnagel, Jeremy M. Robbins, Robert E. Gerszten, Sujoy Ghosh, Mark A. Sarzynski, Claude Bouchard, Francesco Falciani

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Despite good adherence to supervised endurance exercise training (EET), some individuals experience no or little improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently not understood. By investigating genome-wide variants associated with baseline and exercise-induced changes (∆) in insulin sensitivity index (Si) in healthy volunteers, we have identified novel candidate genes whose mouse knockouts phenotypes were consistent with a causative effect on Si. An integrative analysis of functional genomic and transcriptomic profiles suggests genetic variants have an aggregate effect on baseline Si and ∆Si, focused around cholinergic signalling, including downstream calcium and chemokine signalling. …

A Solution To The Hard Problem Of Soft Law, Keagan Potts

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

Administrative Agencies often rely on guidance documents to carry out their statutory mandate. Over the past few decades, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been criticized for using soft law guidance documents to exercise powers beyond those authorized by Congress. Since attacks on the use of guidance documents persist and agencies need soft law to respond quickly and flexibly to rapid technological growth, it is essential to develop a solution that preserves this crucial regulatory mechanism and prevents its abuse. The most likely alternative to soft law guidance is formal regulation, which must be developed through the notice-and-comment process. …

The Validity Of Using One Force Platform To Quantify Whole-Body Forces, Velocities, And Power During A Plyometric Push-Up, Zhanxin Sha, Boyi Dai

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous studies have typically measured velocity and power parameters during the push-up, either using one or two force platforms. The purpose of the study was to compare the force, velocity, and power parameters between the one-force-platform method and the two-force-platform method during plyometric push-ups.

Methods: Thirty-four physically active young adults participated in the study to perform the plyometric push-up. For the two-force-platform calculation method, the forces applied to the feet and hands were both measured. For the one-force-platform calculation method, the forces applied to the feet were assumed to be constant, while the forces applied to hands …

Behavioral Characteristics And Self-Reported Health Status Among 2029 Adults Consuming A "Carnivore Diet", Belinda S. Lennerz, Jacob T. Mey, Owen H. Henn, David S. Ludwig

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: The "carnivore diet,"based on animal foods and excluding most or all plant foods, has attracted recent popular attention. However, little is known about the health effects and tolerability of this diet, and concerns for nutrient deficiencies and cardiovascular disease risk have been raised. Objectives: We obtained descriptive data on the nutritional practices and health status of a large group of carnivore diet consumers. Methods: A social media survey was conducted 30 March-24 June, 2020 among adults self-identifying as consuming a carnivore diet for ≥6 mo. Survey questions interrogated motivation, dietary intake patterns, symptoms suggestive of nutritional deficiencies or other …

Functional Anatomy Of The Vagus System – Emphasis On The Somato-Visceral Interface, Winfried L. Neuhuber, Hans Rudolf Berthoud

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Due to its pivotal role in autonomic networks, the vagus attracts continuous interest from both basic scientists and clinicians. In particular, recent advances in vagus nerve stimulation strategies and their application to pathological conditions beyond epilepsy provide a good opportunity to recall basic features of vagal peripheral and central anatomy. In addition to the “classical” vagal brainstem nuclei, i.e., dorsal motor nucleus, nucleus ambiguus and nucleus tractus solitarii, the spinal trigeminal and paratrigeminal nuclei come into play as targets of vagal afferents. On the other hand, the nucleus of the solitary tract receives and integrates not only visceral but also …

Deciphering An Agrp-Serotoninergic Neural Circuit In Distinct Control Of Energy Metabolism From Feeding, Yong Han, Guobin Xia, Dollada Srisai, Fantao Meng, Yanlin He, Yali Ran, Yang He, Monica Farias, Giang Hoang, István Tóth, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Miao Hsueh Chen, Yong Xu, Qi Wu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Contrasting to the established role of the hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in feeding regulation, the neural circuit and signaling mechanisms by which they control energy expenditure remains unclear. Here, we report that energy expenditure is regulated by a subgroup of AgRP neurons that send non-collateral projections to neurons within the dorsal lateral part of dorsal raphe nucleus (dlDRN) expressing the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which in turn innervate nearby serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. Genetic manipulations reveal a bi-directional control of energy expenditure by this circuit without affecting food intake. Fiber photometry and electrophysiological results indicate that the thermo-sensing MC4RdlDRN neurons …

A Randomized Clinical Trial On The Effects Of Exercise On Muscle Remodelling Following Bariatric Surgery, Saulo Gil, John P. Kirwan, Igor H. Murai, Wagner S. Dantas, Carlos Alberto Abujabra Merege-Filho, Sujoy Ghosh, Samuel K. Shinjo, Rosa M.R. Pereira, Walcy R. Teodoro, Sheylla M. Felau, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Fernanda Lima, Roberto De Cleva, Marco Aurélio Santo, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Muscle atrophy and strength loss are common adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the effects of exercise training on bariatric surgery-induced loss of muscle mass and function. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the intervention on molecular and histological mediators of muscle remodelling. Methods: Eighty women with obesity were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 40, age = 42 ± 8 years) or RYGB plus exercise training group (RYGB + ET: n = 40, age = 38 ± 7 years). Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) …

Overfeeding-Induced Weight Gain Elicits Decreases In Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin In Healthy Males—Implications For Body Fat Distribution, Prachi Singh, Naima Covassin, Fatima H. Sert-Kuniyoshi, Kara L. Marlatt, Abel Romero-Corral, Diane E. Davison, Ravinder J. Singh, Michael D. Jensen, Virend K. Somers

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: Obesity and upper-body fat elevates cardiometabolic risk. However, mechanisms predisposing to upper-body fat accumulation are not completely understood. In males, low testosterone (T) frequently associates with obesity, and estrogen deficiency may contribute to upper-body adiposity. This study examines the effects of overfeeding-induced weight gain on changes in gonadal hormones in healthy males and its association with regional fat depots. Methods: Twenty-five males (age: 29.7 ± 6.9 years; BMI: 24.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were overfed for 8 weeks to gain approximately 5% body weight. Changes in total and regional fat depots were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed …

Obesity And Cancer Death In White And Black Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study, Justin C. Brown, Shengping Yang, Emily F. Mire, Xiaocheng Wu, Lucio Miele, Augusto Ochoa, Jovanny Zabaleta, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether race modifies the association between obesity and cancer death. Methods: The Pennington Center Longitudinal Study included 18,296 adults; 35.0% were male and 34.3% were Black. The primary end point was death from cancer. Results: During a follow-up of 14.3 years, 346 cancer deaths occurred. Among men, race modified the association of BMI and cancer death (pinteraction = 0.045); compared with a BMI of 22 kg/m², a BMI of 35 in White men was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.38-2.21), and in Black men, the hazard ratio was …

Biological And Environmental Influences On Motor Coordination In Peruvian Children And Adolescents, Sara Pereira, Alcibíades Bustamante, Carla Santos, Donald Hedeker, Go Tani, Rui Garganta, Olga Vasconcelos, Adam Baxter-Jones, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

This study investigated the associations between biological and environmental factors and gross-motor coordination (GMC) in Peruvian children and adolescents. The sample comprised 7401 boys and girls, aged 6–14 years, recruited from three geographical regions: sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude. Biological variables included age, sex, height, BMI, physical fitness, stunting, and maturational status. Environmental influences included geographical region and school characteristics. Gross-motor coordination was tested with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder and the data analyzed by multilevel logistic regression. Results showed a high prevalence of below normal GMC scores. Sex, age, geographical area, biological maturation, BMI (normal versus overweight/obesity), and stunting were all …

The Acute Transcriptional Responses To Dietary Methionine Restriction Are Triggered By Inhibition Of Ternary Complex Formation And Linked To Erk1/2, Mtor, And Atf4, Kirsten P. Stone, Sujoy Ghosh, Jean Paul Kovalik, Manda Orgeron, Desiree Wanders, Landon C. Sims, Thomas W. Gettys

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The initial sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver where it activates an integrated stress response (ISR) that quickly reduces methionine utilization. The ISR program is regulated in part by ATF4, but ATF4’s prototypical upstream regulator, eIF2α, is not acutely activated by MR. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq and metabolomics data from liver samples harvested 3 h and 6 h after initiating MR shows that general translation is inhibited at the level of ternary complex formation by an acute 50% reduction of hepatic methionine that limits formation of initiator methionine tRNA. The resulting ISR is induced by selective …

Nt-Pgc-1Α Deficiency Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity By Modulating Food Intake, Fecal Fat Excretion And Intestinal Fat Absorption, Jihyun Kim, Jiyoung Moon, Chul Hong Park, Jisu Lee, Helia Cheng, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Ji Suk Chang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α regulate metabolic adaptation by modulating many gene programs. Selective ablation of PGC-1α attenuates diet-induced obesity through enhancing fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulation of NT-PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, we have shown that selective ablation of NT-PGC-1α reduces fatty acid oxidation in BAT. Thus, the objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that NT-PGC-1α−/− mice would be more prone to diet-induced obesity. Male and female NT-PGC-1α+/+ (WT) and NT-PGC-1α−/− mice were fed a regular chow or 60% high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, …