Digital Commons Network^™

Pattern Of Systemic Antibiotic Use And Potential Drug Interactions: Evaluations Through Apoint Prevalence Study In Ankara University Hospitals, İrem Akdemi̇r Kalkan, Güle Çinar, Aysel Pehli̇vanli, Fati̇h Ürkmez, İzel Ezgi̇ Topaloğlu, Büşra Akyol, Arzu Beşi̇kci̇, Alpay Azap, Kemal Osman Memi̇koğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Most of the hospitalized patients are on a number of drugs for comorbidities and/or to prevent nosocomial infections. This necessitates a careful consideration of drug interactions not only to avoid possible toxicities but also to reach the highest efficiency with drug treatment. We aimed to investigate drug interactions related to systemic antibiotic use and compare three different databases to check for drug interactions while characterizing the main differences between medical and surgical departments. Materials and methods: This point prevalence study covered data on 927 orders for patients hospitalized between June 3 and 10, 2018 in Ankara University Hospitals. Systemic …

Retrospective Evaluation Of 377 Patients With Penetrating Foreign Body Injuries: Auniversity Hospital Experience (A Present Case Of Missed Sponge Foreign Body Injury), Anil Murat Öztürk, Omar Aljasim, Gamze Şanlidağ, Meltem Taşbakan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to retrospectively analyse patients with foreign body (FB) injuries in our hospital and to present a patient with missed penetrating sponge FB injury. Materials and methods: This study lasted 12 years (2008-2020) and reviewed all patients with FB injuries who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) of our hospital. Along with our overall results, we present a case with missed penetrating sponge FB injury in detail. Results: Approximately 377 patients were included in the study (age: 28.3 ± 18.3 years, m/f: 229/148). The foot (n = 148, 39.3%) and the hand (n = 143, 37.9%) …

Characteristics And Mortality Determinants Of Covid-19 Patients Undergoinghemodialysis, Savaş Si̇pahi̇, Hamad Dhei̇r, Aysel Toçoğlu, Meli̇ke Bektaş, Seyyi̇d Bi̇lal Açikgöz, Ahmed Ci̇had Genç, Fuldem Mutlu, Mehmet Köroğlu, Ali̇ Fuat Erdem, Oğuz Karabay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The COVID-19 infection, which started in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019, turned into a pandemic in a very short time, affecting mainly the elderly and those with serious chronic illnesses. COVID-19 infections have been observed to have a high mortality rate, especially in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Materials and methods: Forty-two patients over 18 years of age who underwent a maintenance hemodialysis program at our unit, who tested positive for COVID-19 by PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs, and/or who were observed to have disease-related signs in their CTs were included in the study. Results: In this study, 23 of …

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Alter Antibiotic Susceptibility And Expression Ofvirulence-Related Genes And Protein A Of Staphylococcus Aureus, İsmai̇l Öztürk, Yasemi̇n Eraç, Petek Ballar Kirmizibayrak, Şafak Ermertcan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, and acetaminophen have been shown to have antimicrobial effects on various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of NSAIDs on Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Susceptibilities of S. aureus strains to NSAIDs with or without antimicrobials (moxifloxacin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and gentamicin) were determined using the microdilution method and disk diffusion test. Expression levels of genes in the presence of drugs were investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunoblotting analysis was performed for staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Results: Our results showed that …

Identification Of Group A Streptococcus Genes Directly Regulated By Csrrs And Novel Intermediate Regulators, Meredith B. Finn, Kathryn M. Ramsey, Simon L. Dove, Michael R. Wessels

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Adaptation of group A Streptococcus (GAS) to its human host is mediated by two-component systems that transduce external stimuli to regulate bacterial physiology. Among such systems, CsrRS (also known as CovRS) is the most extensively characterized for its role in regulating ∼10% of the GAS genome, including several virulence genes. Here, we show that extracellular magnesium and the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 have opposing effects on the phosphorylation of the response regulator CsrR by the receptor kinase CsrS. Genetic inactivation of CsrS phosphatase or kinase activity, respectively, had similar but more pronounced effects on CsrR phosphorylation compared to growth in …

Research At Nebraska, 2020-2021 Report, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

This publication is a snapshot of the fiscal year’s activities. To read more stories about research and creativity at Nebraska, visit the online edition at https://research.unl.edu/annualreport/2021. Additional multimedia are available for many stories.

Food And Drug Regulation: Statutory And Regulatory Supplement, Adam I. Muchmore

Books

This Statutory and Regulatory Supplement is intended for use with its companion casebook, Food and Drug Regulation: A Statutory Approach (2021). This is not a traditional statutory supplement. Instead, it contains selected, aggressively edited provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), related statutes, and the Code of Federal Regulations. The Supplement includes all provisions assigned as reading in the casebook, as well as a few additional provisions that some professors may wish to cover. The excerpts are designed to be teachable rather than comprehensive.

Comparison Of Conjunctive Probiotic Use Versus No Probiotic Use In Outcomes Of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea, Samantha Simley

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Antibiotics are utilized in the medical community for the treatment of bacterial infections. Consequently, the use of antibiotics may result in certain gastrointestinal side effects. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one side effect that can be seen in patient populations that are on an antibiotic regimen. Due to this side effect profile, patient compliance on an antibiotic regimen may be compromised. This lack in patient compliance led to increased interest to determine if there are treatment options available to prevent or reduce instances of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. One treatment option of interest includes the use of probiotics. The purpose of this literature review …

Anger Bias In The Evaluation Of Crowds, Diana Mihalache

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although people are good at classifying emotions, they also make mistakes. These errors tend to be negatively biased and potentially serve a protective function. Research on biases in emotion perception has largely focused on perception of individual faces and little is known about biases in evaluations of crowds. In the first investigation, I conducted six experiments, evaluating anger bias—a tendency to judge facial expressions as angry—in the context of single faces and emotionally homogenous crowds. I found that observers were biased to classify faces as angry, especially when evaluating crowds. This amplified bias emerged in the context of perceptual uncertainty …

A Biophysical Investigation Of Hiv-1 Envelope Cytoplasmic-Tail Mediated Retention In The Gag Lattice, Nicholas Scott Groves

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus is critically dependent on successful incorporation of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein, Envelope (Env), into Gag lattice assembly sites on the host-cell plasma membrane during virus biogenesis. The mechanistic nature of interaction between Gag, the structural protein, and Env, the viral spike, are dependent on the Gag matrix (MA) and Env cytoplasmic tail (CT) domains. Env laterally diffuses on the host cell plasma membrane until encountering a budding Gag lattice, where it is retained until particle scission and release. The mechanism of Env entry and retention in the lattice remains elusive and enigmatic. Here …

On The Evolution Equation For Modelling The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jonathan Blackledge

Books/Book chapters

The paper introduces and discusses the evolution equation, and, based exclusively on this equation, considers random walk models for the time series available on the daily confirmed Covid-19 cases for different countries. It is shown that a conventional random walk model is not consistent with the current global pandemic time series data, which exhibits non-ergodic properties. A self-affine random walk field model is investigated, derived from the evolutionary equation for a specified memory function which provides the non-ergodic fields evident in the available Covid-19 data. This is based on using a spectral scaling relationship of the type 1/ωα where ω …

Lack Of Access To Quality Healthcare In Peru, Spencer Hart

Ballard Brief

The current healthcare systems in Peru leave millions without easy access to medical attention, many of whom are also living in poverty. It is difficult for the governing bodies to include everyone in healthcare coverage plans and make the necessary medical resources accessible. The lack of qualified medical professionals. in part due to a migration of doctors out of the country to seek better opportunities elsewhere, also contributes to the problem. As can be expected, these and other factors lead to greater amounts of illness and deaths than other countries that have more developed healthcare. These problems have also caused …

Voices From The Field: A Qualitative Study Of The Challenges And Promising Practices Of Rural Public Health In Addressing Hiv And Hepatitis C, Martha Elbaum Williamson Mpa, Karen B. Pearson Mlis, Ms, Amanda R. Burgess Mppm, Jennifer D. Lenardson Mhs, Erika C. Ziller Phd

Population Health

Rural areas of the United States may be vulnerable to an HIV or hepatitis C (HCV) outbreak among persons who inject drugs. Researchers at the University of Southern Maine’s Rural Health Research Center examined the capacity of rural public health systems to prepare for, identify, control, and respond to an HIV or HCV outbreak. Through semi-structured interviews with 36 state and local public health professionals from six rural states, we sought to understand the challenges related to HIV, HCV, and serving rural persons who inject drugs and to identify strategies to address those challenges. Challenges limiting the public health capacity …

Bcs1l Interactors And Rieske Docking, Ashley Meyer, Emma Pastoor, Amy Wilstermann, Rachael Baker

Summer Research

BCS1L interacts with many differentially localized proteins with functions ranging from metabolism to involvement in complex disease pathways

Cas Accents, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Special Issue - Uplb Loyalty Day 2021), College Of Arts And Sciences, University Of The Philippines Los Baños

CAS Accents

Contents:

• CAS Alumni honored at the 103rd UPLB Loyalty Day
• CINTERLABS hosts its first ACRES
• IMSP holds its first webinar on Advanced Functional Materials and their Applications
• Dr. Paller leads IBS as New Director
• Dr. Liza N. Comia reappointed as INSTAT's Director

Prisons, Nursing Homes, And Medicaid: A Covid-19 Case Study In Health Injustice, Mary Crossley

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Community-Based Integrated Health Teams To Meet The Needs Of Vulnerable Populations In Times Of Crisis, Jessica Mantel

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

No. 53: Changing Priorities In Urban Food Security Research: A Bibliometric Analysis, Bruce Frayne, Truzaar Dordi, Cameron Mccordic, Naomi Sunu, Clare Williamson

Hungry Cities Partnership

The study of urban food security has evolved dramatically over the past few decades. This evolution has been punctuated, and catalyzed, by insights into the dynamic transformation of food systems in cities across the Global South. The evolution of this field provides an important vantage point for understanding both the dynamic transformation of urban food systems as well as the lens through which that transformation has been understood. This investigation of the field adopted a bibliometric methodology, blending quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques, to assess the dynamic evolution of the literature over time. The methodology included a quantitative analysis of …

Community Health Workers And Covid-19 In New York State: Adaptable And Resilient, But Strained, Annis Golden, Amy Williams

Understanding and eliminating minority health disparities in a 21st-century pandemic: A White Paper Collection

This report summarizes findings from an interview-based study conducted in October and November 2020, and inferences that may be drawn from those findings with respect to the contributions of CHWs to eliminating disparities in the impact of COVID-19, and resources needed by CHW-based programs going forward. Findings are reported in the following areas: New connection strategies with clients used by CHWs in response to physical distancing requirements, barriers to connections; new areas of support CHWs provided; socioemotional impact of the pandemic and adaptations on CHWs; resources needed going forward; CHW support for efforts to eliminate disparities in COVID-19 impact on …

Improving Contact Tracing In Minority Communities By Combating Misinformation And Distrust, Jason G. Randall, Dev Dalal, Aileen Dowden

Understanding and eliminating minority health disparities in a 21st-century pandemic: A White Paper Collection

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the global population as infection rates climb, and officials struggle to balance the need to slow the spread of COVID-19 but also open economies safely. The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on minority communities has raised questions about the unique experiences of these communities in terms of not only becoming infected with COVID-19, but also mitigating its spread. Although contact tracing has been identified as an invaluable tool for managing community spread and supporting economic reopening, this is contingent, in part, upon compliance with contact tracer requests. In this study, we investigated how misinformation and …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Minority Disparities In Sexual And Reproductive Health Care In New York State, Elise Andaya, Rajani Bhatia

Understanding and eliminating minority health disparities in a 21st-century pandemic: A White Paper Collection

This report presents the findings from a qualitative study of the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care to minority groups in New York State from March to October 2020. Drawing on interview material with frontline SRH providers and advocates, we illustrate the deepening inequalities in access to, and quality of, SRH care during the first surge of the pandemic, as well as their implications for future policy and practice. Key findings include: 1) Negative birthing conditions experienced disproportionately by women most vulnerable to poor maternal and birth outcomes; 2) delays and avoidance of …

Identifying Critical Psychological Characteristics Related To Successful Performance As A Contact Tracer: A Job Analysis, Dev Dalal, Jason G. Randall Phd, Gabrielle Danna, Joshua Ash

Understanding and eliminating minority health disparities in a 21st-century pandemic: A White Paper Collection

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a massive workforce of contact tracers to help end the global pandemic. Rapidly accelerating the recruitment, selection, and training of contact tracers proved to be difficult due in part to the lack of a valid, structured, and systematic approach to hiring and training contact tracers. This demonstration presents the results of the first step in developing a systematic selection and training program: a worker-oriented job analysis of the contact tracer job. Using archival records and structured interviews with 15 subject matter experts, we identified 26 unique characteristics related to successful performance as a …

Identifying Nontraditional Epidemic Disease Risk Factors Associated With Major Health Events From World Health Organization And World Bank Open Data, Roberta Lugo-Robles, Eric C. Garges, Cara H. Olsen, David Brett-Major

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Health events emerge from host, community, environment, and pathogen factors-forecasting epidemics is a complex task. We describe an exploratory analysis to identify economic risk factors that could aid epidemic risk assessment. A line list was constructed using the World Health Organization Disease Outbreaks News (2016-2018) and economic indicators from the World Bank. Poisson regression employing forward imputations was used to establish relationships with the frequency with which countries reported public health events. Economic indicators demonstrated strong performance appropriate for further assessment in surveillance programming. In our analysis, three economic indicators were significantly associated to event reporting: how much the country's …

Medical Surge Capability: Performance Modeling Of Hospital Emergency Departments, Egbe-Etu Emmanuel Etu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Hospitals are faced with significant challenges during and after natural or human-caused disasters. Surge planning is a critical component of every healthcare facility’s emergency plan and response system. The process of managing and allocating scarce resources by tackling the vulnerability inherent to patients means that defining improvement priorities is one of the main challenges healthcare systems face when responding to a medical surge event (e.g., COVID-19). The consequences of these challenges include increased patient mortality, ambulance diversion, long wait times, and unavailability of beds. Previous efforts in hospital operations management have successfully applied operations research techniques in analyzing and optimizing …

Optimized Microbial Recombinant Production Of Hiv-1 Anti-Envelope Antibody Fragments With Applications To Single Particle Tracking Of Virus Assembly, Merissa Michelle Bruns

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In my findings, I have established a set series of protocols to recombinantly produce, purify and apply various fluorescent probes in vitro for the fluorescent labeling and study of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) protein during HIV viral assembly. There remains insufficient knowledge about the molecular dynamics and interactions of HIV-1 Env protein with its counterpart, Gag, on the inner host cell surface during assembly of a mature virus particle. There also remains an insufficient amount of data for the understanding and clarification of the mechanism of action of a known host cell HIV-1 restriction factor, …

Teaching Mission In A Technological World, Robert Alden Danielson

Academic Books

No abstract provided.

Environmental Toxicant Trichloroethylene (Tce) Impacts Macrophage Function, Emily Schellenboom, Eleanor Scheeres, Ethan Houskamp, Rita Loch − Caruso, Sean Harris, Erica Boldenow

Summer Research

• Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial solvent commonly used as a metal degreaser which accumulates as a toxicant in water and soil1
• There is little known about how environmental toxicants and infectious diseases (such as Group B Streptococcus) interact in pregnant women2
• Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α are proinflammatory cytokines important to immune function2
• Previous studies have shown that DCVC, a metabolite of TCE, has immunosuppressive effects3
• This summer we sought to discover a more comprehensive picture of DCVC’s effects on immunosuppression in macrophage-like cells

Covid's Constitutional Conundrum: Assessing Individual Rights In Public Health Emergencies, James G. Hodge Jr., Jennifer L. Piatt, Emily Carey, Hanna N. Reinke

Tennessee Law Review

Considerable legal challenges alleging infringements of constitutional rights have arisen against governments imposing social distancing or other restrictive measures to quell the COVID-19 pandemic. Courts assess these claims largely under two approaches. Consistent with constitutional re-balancing, judges weigh the application of rights against governments' compelling interests to protect public health and safety in emergencies. Alternatively, a minority of courts temporarily set aside existing rights to effectuate emergency responses. Both approaches insufficiently account for the flexible nature of rights and freedoms in exigencies pursuant to the Constitution's cohesive design. In public health emergencies, courts should engage in guided assessments focused on …

Graduate Catalog 2021-2022, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Graduate Catalogs

The 2021-2022 SWOSU Graduate Catalog.

The Effect Of School Return During The Covid-19 Pandemic On Children’S Physical And Mental Health, Kaitlynn Craig

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Flashback to midnight on January 1st, 2020. It was New Year’s Day, the beginning of a new decade. Many were filled with excitement and hope to make this year the best one yet. Little did they know that their entire world would be turned upside down a short two months later with a worldwide pandemic, the coronavirus. COVID-19 has affected people in many ways. Some lost their jobs, others struggled to maintain their education virtually, and unfortunately, too many lost their lives. As a nursing student, fear grew while imagining the role of becoming one of the frontline workers battling …