Digital Commons Network^™

A Review Of Spatial Causal Inference Methods For Environmental And Epidemiological Applications, Brian J. Reich, Shu Yang, Yawen Guan, Andrew B. Giffin, Matthew J. Miller, Ana Rappold

Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications

The scientific rigor and computational methods of causal inference have had great impacts on many disciplines but have only recently begun to take hold in spatial applications. Spatial causal inference poses analytic challenges due to complex correlation structures and interference between the treatment at one location and the outcomes at others. In this paper, we review the current literature on spatial causal inference and identify areas of future work. We first discuss methods that exploit spatial structure to account for unmeasured confounding variables. We then discuss causal analysis in the presence of spatial interference including several common assumptions used to …

2021 Annual Campus Security And Fire Safety Report, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, University Police, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University Police

2021 Annual Campus Security and Fire Safety Report, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Safety and security information for the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, including crime and fire statistics for the 2020 calendar year, and the information required by the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1989. All data are submitted to the United States Department of Education according to law.

The Constitutionality Of Endangering Others: How One Supreme Court Case Rationalized Risky Conduct During A Pandemic As Interpreted In Roman Catholic Diocese Of Brooklyn New York V Cuomo, Andriel Gary

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cnahs_2020_Sess_Program_Review_Pages_1-16, Kean University

Evidence Inventory

Example of a program review report, where PSLO alignment is shown on pages 8-12.

Synthesis And Biological Evaluations Of Oleanolic Acid Indole Derivatives As Hyaluronidase Inhibitors With Enhanced Skin Permeability, Hao He, Huifang Li, Toyosi Akanji, Shengli Niu, Zhujun Luo, Dongli Li, Navindra P. Seeram, Panpan Wu, Hang Ma

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural cosmeceutical compound with various skin beneficial activities including inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase but the anti-hyaluronidase activity and mechanisms of action of its synthetic analogues remain unclear. Herein, a series of OA derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. Compared to OA, an induction of fluorinated (6c) and chlorinated (6g) indole moieties led to enhanced anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 80.3 vs. 9.97 and 9.57 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that 6c and 6g can bind to hyaluronidase protein and alter its secondary structure leading …

Public Health In The Opioid Litigation, Dr. Daniel G. Aaron

Loyola University Chicago Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

New Benzoxazole Derivatives As Antiprotozoal Agents: In Silico Studies, Synthesis, And Biological Evaluation, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Mohamed A. Zaki, Enas I.A. Mohamed

Faculty and Student Publications

Background. Benzoxazole derivatives have different biological activities. In pursuit of designing novel chemical entities with antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities, benzoxazolyl aniline was utilized as a privileged scaffold of a series of (3-benzoxazole-2-yl) phenylamine derivatives, 3-benzoxazoloyl acetamide, and butyramide derivatives. Methods. These novel analogs were synthesized in straightforward simple chemistry without any quantitative chromatographic separations in reasonable yields. The biological evaluation of all target compounds as potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial agents was performed by various well-established cell-based methods. Results. Compounds 6d and 5a showed promising biological screening data. The amidation of 3-benzoxazolyl aniline 1 with the chloroacetyl functional group …

Longitudinal Analysis Of Dengue Virus–Specific Memory T Cell Responses And Their Association With Clinical Outcome In Subsequent Denv Infection, Luis Alberto Sanchez-Vargas, Kathryn B. Anderson, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Jeffrey R. Currier, Heather Friberg, Timothy P. Endy, Stefan Fernandez, Anuja Mathew, Alan L. Rothman

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Memory T cells resulting from primary dengue virus (DENV) infection are hypothesized to influence the clinical outcome of subsequent DENV infection. However, the few studies involving prospectively collected blood samples have found weak and inconsistent associations with outcome and variable temporal trends in DENV-specific memory T cell responses between subjects. This study used both ex-vivo and cultured ELISPOT assays to further evaluate the associations between DENV serotype-cross-reactive memory T cells and severity of secondary infection. Using ex-vivo ELISPOT assays, frequencies of memory T cells secreting IFN-γ in response to DENV structural and non-structural peptide pools were low in PBMC from …

The Impact Of Dengue Illness On Social Distancing And Caregiving Behavior, Kathryn L. Schaber, Amy C. Morrison, William H. Elson, Helvio Astete-Vega, Jhonny J. Córdova-López, Esther Jennifer Rios López, W. Lorena Quiroz Flores, Alfonso S. Vizcarra Santillan, Thomas W. Scott, Lance A. Waller, Uriel Kitron, Christopher M. Barker, T. Alex Perkins, Alan L. Rothman, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, John P. Elder, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Background

Human mobility among residential locations can drive dengue virus (DENV) transmission dynamics. Recently, it was shown that individuals with symptomatic DENV infection exhibit significant changes in their mobility patterns, spending more time at home during illness. This change in mobility is predicted to increase the risk of acquiring infection for those living with or visiting the ill individual. It has yet to be considered, however, whether social contacts are also changing their mobility, either by socially distancing themselves from the infectious individual or increasing contact to help care for them. Social, or physical, distancing and caregiving could have diverse …

Program: 2021 Undergraduate Mathematics Day, University Of Dayton. Department Of Mathematics

Undergraduate Mathematics Day: Past Content

Schedule and general information about the event.

21st Annual Kenneth C. Schraut Memorial Lecture: "One Health: Connecting Humans, Animals and the Environment" (Suzanne Lenhart, University of Tennessee)

Plenary talk: "The Crossings of Art, History, and Mathematics" (Jennifer White, St. Vincent College)

What Common Factors May Influence The Success Of Dental Implant?, Yehuda Taavar

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The aim of this study is to investigate the common factors that may influence the success of dental implants. Addressing these factors may potentially aid experts in the field in delivering dental implants without approaching or decreasing the number of failures. Smoking, diabetes, implant maintenance, age, and implant size have significantly influenced implant success. It is suggested that patients are advised to quit smoking at least one week before surgery to minimize risk factors. Inadequate glycemic control also contributes to periodontal destruction and is associated with the severity of peri-implant complications. However, if patients maintain good glycemic control, dental implants …

Achievements Of The Covid-19 Turkey Platform In Vaccine And Drug Development Withan Approach Of "Co-Creation And Succeeding Together", Hasan Mandal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Mobilizing the research ecosystem for accelerating vaccine and drug development has been an important reality of the pandemic. This article reviews the scientific advances that are attained by the COVID-19 Turkey Platform for vaccine and drug development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The platform that is coordinated by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey is established with a "co-creation and succeeding together" approach, which involves 436 researchers across 49 different institutions working on 17 vaccine and drug development projects in total. Recent advances of the COVID-19 Turkey Platform include the fourth virus-like particle-based vaccine candidate in the world to …

Turkey's Response To Covid-19 Pandemic: Strategy And Key Actions, Gülşen Barlas, Harun Öztürk, Gülen Pehli̇vantürk, Sabahatti̇n Aydin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

COVID-19 emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly around the world causing many deaths. Due to the intercontinental escalation in the epidemic, while WHO declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, our country's first case was diagnosed. Before this, the MoH established the Operations Center against possible risks regarding the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan on January 10, 2020 and formed the Scientific Committee, which has a critical importance in epidemic management. National and Provincial Pandemic Coordination Boards were established within the scope of this plan. Fast, effective and frequently updated decisions were implemented. The epidemic …

One And A Half Years Into The Covid-19 Pandemic - Exit Strategies And Efficacy Of Sarscov-2 Vaccines For Holistic Management And Achieving Global Control, Eskild Petersen, Ayşe Deni̇z Gökengi̇n, Asma Al Balushi, Alimuddin Zumla

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

One and a half years into the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is still here to stay. Whilst rapid several effective COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and are being rolled out, the critical questions remain whether vaccines provide widespread protection against infection and reinfection, and what the duration of protection is. Community wide control cannot be obtained until almost everyone is immune. Vaccine production must be ramped up to cover the world population. The price of herd immunity through natural infection is high mortality in the elderly and morbidity in other age groups including children and Long-COVID. We must expect a new wave …

Going Back To Normal, But How? Re-Opening Policies And The Standards For A New Normal, Levent Akin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Governments implemented to nonpharmacological methods and various limitation policies such as closing nonessential businesses, schools and limiting group gatherings, promoting social distancing, use of personal protective equipment, advising staying at home. These policies have caused various problems in social and economic life and gradual increase in psychosocial well-being problems. All societies yearningly are waiting for the COVID-19 pandemic to be brought under control and the measures to be lifted in order to return to their previous lives. Indicators are needed to assess the burden of disease in the country while lifting measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic. When using these …

Managing Life During The Pandemic: Communication Strategies, Mental Health, And Theultimate Toll Of The Covid-19, Mehmet Hakan Türkçapar, Yasemi̇n Kahya, Tuğba Çapar Taşkesen, Hati̇ce Işik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The purpose of this review was to present the ultimate toll of the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the communication strategies and mental health. Materials and methods: We unsystematically reviewed the studies published between 2020 and 2021 from databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. Firstly, "new-normal" life challenges during the pandemic were discussed along with the public risk communication strategies. Later, mental health problems, posttraumatic growth, and protective factors were reviewed. Results: Literature highlighted that individuals mainly experience COVID-19 related fear, anxiety, stress, negative emotions and sleep problems. Furthermore, the rates of clinically significant depression, …

Epidemiology Of Covid-19: What Changed In One Year?, Cemal Bulut, Yasuyuki̇ Kato

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

A coronavirus brought the first pandemic attack of this century as a flu virus did a hundred years ago. This greatest pandemic of the century brings us new opportunities to understand and explore the dynamics of a contagious disease. Nearly two years later, we are still collecting the evidence to understand the disease. Some basic epidemiological properties are still urgently needed. Not only the origin of the virus but also Ro value, possible transmission routes, epidemiologic curves, case fatality rates, seasonality, severity and mortality risk factor, effects on the risk groups, differences between countries and so on still require strong …

From Asymptomatic To Critical Illness - Different Clinical Manifestations Of Covid-19 Inchildren, Hasan Tezer, Meli̇s Deni̇z

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The global pandemic infectious disease that was named the new coronavirus disease (COVID 19), spread throughout the world, causing a major public health emergency. The causative virus of COVID-19, called SARS CoV-2, can infect all age groups. Various clinical signs and symptoms have been observed in neonates, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 might be different due to the medical conditions and comorbid status in elderly and pediatric patients. The rise in cases among children has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although infected children generally appear to be asymptomatic or have only mild …

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Selda Hançerli̇ Törün, Di̇lek Yilmaz Çi̇ftdoğan, Ateş Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, children can be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. Clinical symptoms of children with COVID from China, where the disease was first reported, generally were less severe than adults. However, at the end of April 2020 in Europe, it was observed that some children with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed fever, abdominal pain, shock, myocardial insufficiency and they needed to be taken care of in intensive care unit. This new disease has been called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although the pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear, it progresses with signs of multiorgan involvement as a …

From Asymptomatic To Critical Illness: Decoding Various Clinical Stages Of Covid-19, İlhami̇ Çeli̇k, Recep Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The clinical course of COVID-19 is variable, with clinical manifestation ranging from 81% mild course to 14% severe course along with 5% critical course in patients. The asymptomatic course is reported to potentially range between 20% and 70% (avg. 33%). A more severe course is seen in the elderly, those with various chronic diseases, and the immunosuppressed, where the case fatality rate is higher in these risk groups. The disease progresses with various symptoms, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, myalgia, taste and smell disorders, diarrhea, sore throat, headache, and conjunctivitis. The disease begins with shortness of breath, …

Covid-19 And Sepsis, Zeli̇ha Koçak Tufan, Bi̇rcan Kayaaslan, Mervyn Mer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a major alteration in the medical literature including the sepsis discussion. From the outset of the pandemic, various reports have indicated that although there are some unique features pertinent to COVID-19, many of its acute manifestations are similar to sepsis caused by other pathogens. As a consequence, the old definitions now require consideration of this new etiologic agent, namely SARS-CoV-2. Although the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not been fully explained, the data obtained so far in hospitalized patients has revealed that serum cytokine and chemokine levels are high in severe COVID-19 patients, similar to those …

Pregnancy And Covid-19: Prevention, Vaccination, Therapy, And Beyond, Di̇lek Şahi̇n, Atakan Tanaçan, Sophia Ne Webster, Özlem Moraloğlu Teki̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has alarmed the world since its first emergence. As pregnancy is characterized by significant changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and immunological systems, there are concerns on issues like the course of disease in pregnant women, safety of medications, route of delivery and risk of obstetric complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature in the management of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although more than 90% of pregnant women with COVID-19 recover without serious morbidity, rapid deterioration of disease and higher …

The Radiological Findings Of Covid-19, Alper Karacan, Yakup Ersel Aksoy, Mehmet Hali̇l Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Available information on the radiological findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is constantly updated. Ground glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with bilateral and peripheral distribution have been reported as the most common CT findings, but less typical features can also be identified. According to the reported studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory system, and it can also affect other organs. Renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal complications, liver dysfunction, cardiac manifestations, and neurological abnormalities are among the reported extrapulmonary features. This review aims to provide updated information for radiologists and all clinicians to better understand the radiological …

Implementation Of Post-Intensive Care Outpatient Clinic (I-Point) For Critically Illcovid-19 Survivors, Burçi̇n Halaçli, Arzu Topeli̇ İski̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Although we have enough and cumulative information about acute effects of COVID-19, our knowledge is extremely limited about long-term consequences of COVID-19, in terms of its impacts and burdens on patients, families, and the health system. Considering the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms affecting all of the organ systems in critically ill COVID-19 patients who are admitted to intensive care units, the development of post-intensive care syndrome is inevitable. This situation brings along the development of long-COVID. These patients should be followed regarding cognitive, physical, and psychiatric aspects and necessary specialist referrals should be carried out. In this article, we are presenting …

Immune Dysfunction In Covid-19 And Judicious Use Of Antirheumatic Drugs For Thetreatment Of Hyperinflammation, Abdurrahman Tufan, Marco Matucci-Cerinic

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

: In the Wuhan province of China, almost two years ago, in December 2019, the novel Coronavirus 2019 has caused a severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract leading to an acute life-threatening respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Subsequently, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread to the entire world causing a pandemic and affected every single person on earth either directly or indirectly with destroying all facets of social life and economy. Since the announcement of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, we have witnessed tremendous scientific work on all aspects of COVID-19 across the globe, which has never been witnessed before. …

An Update Of Anti-Viral Treatment Of Covid-19, Serap Yavuz, Feri̇de İpek Komsuoğlu Çeli̇kyurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Currently there is not an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19, but a large number of drugs have been evaluated since the beginning of the pandemic, and many of them have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 despite the preliminary or conflicting results of the clinical trials. We aimed to review and summarize all of the current knowledge on the antivirals for COVID-19. Results: There are 2 main drug groups for SARS-CoV-2: agents that target proteins or RNA of the virus or interfere with proteins or biological processes in the host that support the virus. The main drug groups …

Consensus Recommendations For Botulinum Toxin Injections In The Spasticitymanagement Of Children With Cerebral Palsy During Covid-19 Outbreak, Ebru Yilmaz Yalçinkaya, Nai̇me Evri̇m Karadağ Saygi, Özden Özyemi̇şci̇ Taşkiran, Nalan Çapan, Şehi̇m Kutlay, Bi̇rkan Sonel Tur, Özlem El, Ece Ünlü Akyüz, Süda Teki̇n, Demet Ofluoğlu, Murat Zi̇nnuroğlu, Pinar Akpinar, Tuğçe Özekli̇ Misirlioğlu, Berri̇n Hüner, Ahmet Hakan Nur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in cerebral palsy (CP). Lockdown in the COVID-19 outbreak has profoundly changed daily routines, and similarly caused the suspension of spasticity treatment plans. Besides, the delay in botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection, which is important in the management of focal spasticity, led to some problems in children. This consensus report includes BoNT injection recommendations in the management of spasticity during the COVID-19 pandemic in children with CP. In order to develop the consensus report, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) specialists experienced in the field of pediatric rehabilitation and BoNT injections were invited by Pediatric …

Outcome Of Noncritical Covid-19 Patients With Early Hospitalization And Early Antiviraltreatment Outside The Icu, Nursel Çalik Başaran, Oğuz Abdullah Uyaroğlu, Gülçi̇n Telli̇ Di̇zman, Lale Özişik, Taha Koray Şahi̇n, Zahi̇t Taş, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Sevi̇lay Karahan, Şehnaz Özyavuz Alp, Alpaslan Alp, Gökhan Metan, Işkin Pinar Zarakol, Gülay Sai̇n Güven, Şeri̇fe Gül Öz, Arzu Topeli̇ İski̇t

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for over 5 months, there is yet to be a standard management policy for all patients including those with mild-to-moderate cases. We evaluated the role of early hospitalization in combination with early antiviral therapy with COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care university hospital. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center study on probable/confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital on COVID-19 wards between March 20 and April 30, 2020. The demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected. Results: We included 174 consecutive probable/confirmed COVID-19 …

Clinical Course Of Covid-19 Disease In Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Patients, Hamad Dhei̇r, Savaş Si̇pahi̇, Selçuk Yaylaci, Esma Seda Çeti̇n, Ahmed Bi̇lal Genç, Necatti̇n Firat, Mehmet Köroğlu, Gürkan Muratdaği, Yakup Tomak, Kezban Özmen Süner, Ömer Faruk Ateş, Oğuz Karabay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: We aimed to identify clinical settings of renal transplant patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we included kidney transplant inpatients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 who had been discharged or had died by October 1st, 2020. Characteristics of the patients, including basal and last outpatient biochemical parameters were recorded. Discontinuation or dosage reduction of immunosuppressives and other treatment information was documented. Results: Twenty patients were included in this study, of whom 18 were discharged and 2 died in hospital. The mean duration of hospitalization and follow-up were 9.7 ± 6.4 days and 4.5 ± 2.0 months, …