Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of Vaccines And Antivirals Against Zika Virus, Aryamav Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus, poses a major global human health concern because of its ability to cause congenital abnormalities and neurological diseases. While many candidate vaccines and antiviral drugs are in the developmental pipeline, none have been approved for use against ZIKV infection. This dissertation describes the characterization of one vaccine and two antiviral drug candidates against ZIKV infection. A bacterial ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine, termed zDIII-F, is designed to display multiple copies of ZIKV E protein domain III on its surface. These stable nanoparticles are shown to induce robust antibody-mediated protection against lethal ZIKV infection in …

Post-Discharge Healthcare Utilization In Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Shikhar Shrestha, Melissa H Roberts, Jessie R Maxwell, Lawrence M Leeman, Ludmila N Bakhireva

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS); however, the understanding of long-term consequences of NOWS is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-discharge healthcare utilization in infants with NOWS and examine the association between NOWS severity and healthcare utilization. A retrospective cohort design was used to ascertain healthcare utilization in the first year after birth-related discharge using the CERNER Health Facts® database. ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnostic codes were used to identify live births and to classify infants into two study groups: NOWS and uncomplicated …

Functional And Phenotypic Evaluation Of Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Of The Heart, Cassandra Marie Bonavita

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen which infects 50-90% of the world population and results in lifelong latent infection with periodic transient reactivations. In immunocompetent populations acute infection is generally asymptomatic but seropositivity is associated with many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Despite 139 years of research into HCMV pathogenesis there is still no licensed vaccine and many gaps in the general knowledge of the virus. This includes the role of long term infection as it pertains to chronic diseases. In these studies, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was used as a model of HCMV pathogenesis in the heart. MCMV shares …

Tennessee Advisory Council On Workers' Compensation, Corrected Annual Report For July 1, 2020 - June 30, 2021, Tennessee. Department Of Treasury.

Worker's Compensation Reports

No abstract provided.

Testing A Bite-Shortened Hook To Minimize Fish Handling In A Recreational Fishery, Holden E. Harris, Brian K. Whalen, Andrew G. Gude, Michael S. Allen

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Discard mortality can make fishing unsustainable, even in catch-and-release or highly regulated fisheries. However, fishing practices and gears that minimize hook injury, handling, and air exposure can considerably improve fitness and survival in released fish. This study tested whether modified hooks could allow anglers to successfully land and then release fish in the water and without handling. Standard, barbless, and bite-shortened hooks were used to catch Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus (n > 75 per hook type), and logistic models were used to assess the differences in landing success and hook self-release success by hook type and categorical fish size. Average landing …

Implications Of Helminth Immunomodulation On Covid-19 Co-Infections, Nathalie Chacon, Leonor Chacin-Bonilla, Italo M. Cesar

School of Medicine Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and helminths infections can be in a synergistic epidemic in developing and suburban areas of industrialized countries. The coinfected hosts will derive a parasite-specific Th2 innate and adaptive immune response with CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10. In the early stages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, virus-specific Th1 cytotoxic CD8+ T cell, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and interleukin-27 by lung are keys in controlling viral replication in the lung epithelial cells and limiting the pathology to other organs, like the intestine. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are associated with protective immunity …

The Impact Of Covid-19-Related Media Coverage On The Return And Volatility Connectedness Of Cryptocurrencies And Fiat Currencies, Zaghum Umar, Francisco Jareño, María De La O González

All Works

This research explores the impact of COVID-19-related media coverage on the dynamic return and volatility connectedness of the three dominant cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and Ripple (XRP)) and the fiat currencies of the euro, GBP and Chinese yuan. The sample period covers the first and second devasting waves of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and ranges from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. The dynamic return and volatility connectedness measures are estimated using the time varying parameter-VAR approach. Our return connectedness analysis shows that the media coverage index (only before the first wave) and the cryptocurrencies are the net …

Can Structural Differences Between Sars-Cov And Sars-Cov-2 Explain Differences In Drug Efficacy?, Bhaskara R. Jasti, Sridivya Raparla, Xiaoling Li

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV)and severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), both virus spike proteins are recognized by the cell surface receptors, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2).These viruses gain access into the host cell through ACE-2receptors.The main aim of the current study was to elaborate on the structural differences in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that bind at the same active binding site. The crystal structures of receptor bound spikes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were compared using UCSF Chimera and pyMOL software which revealed significant differences in the receptor …

Health Information Beyond Pandemic Emergencies: Privacy For Social Justice, Leslie Francis

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

Moving beyond notice and choice is necessary if data are to be used responsibly for public health. But what directions might this movement take? Transparency and enactment of statutory limits on data uses are the two most prominent possibilities.

Transparency could require entities collecting, possessing and using information drawn from more than a specified number of individuals to make public disclosures of their information collection, possession, and use. There are models for developing such transparency requirements. The California CPPA could provide a model for delineating the size of entities required to make such disclosures. The requirements to disclose the results …

Understanding The 1918-1920 Cultural Narrative Of The Spanish Flu As Told Through The New York Times And The Wall Street Journal, Gertrude Misornu Ofori-Parku

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Global pandemics have become one of the major health crises that happen to society from time to time. Past occurrences, including disasters and pandemics, are events that we learn from and draw upon to better understand current happenings. One way by which we build and understand historical trends and events, including pandemics, is through press coverage of those events. One significant pandemic in history was the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic. This thesis explores the cultural narrative about the Spanish Flu as told through The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal between 1918 and 1920. Through the constant comparison …

Comparing Orthodontic Debonding Aerosol Production With Various High-Volume Evacuation Systems, Eric Moe

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a new emphasis on defining aerosol generating procedures and evaluating ways to reduce those aerosols. Both biocontaminants and particulate matter can potentially be transmitted with dental aerosols with negative health effects associated with each, especially aerosols with particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5). This study aims to evaluate the PM2.5 aerosol production from orthodontic debonding with a high-speed, air-driven handpiece without water coolant and assess the effectiveness of traditional four-handed high-volume evacuation (HVE) and two commercially available hands-free high-volume evacuation (HFHVE) systems. Methods: Orthodontic debonding was simulated using a dental manikin and …

Changes In Air-Quality In Milwaukee, Wi Due The Covid-19 Lockdown, Nathan Hay

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Shortly after COVID-19 started spreading across the country, Wisconsin instituted their shutdown on March 23rd, 2020. With large swaths of the population forced to stay at home, this presented a unique case study to evaluate the effects of reduced traffic volumes on vehicle related emissions. To do so, this study measured air quality on a 40-mile route within Milwaukee County on Wednesdays and Saturdays from 4 to 6 PM from the beginning of April until the end of August. Mobile sensors – a Sniffer 4D and micro aethalometer – were attached to a car and collected particulate matter (1.0-10 μm), …

Prevalence Of Primary Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance At The Tertiary Center In Saudi Arabia And Associated Risk Factors, Mohammed S. Al-Shahrani, Majed I. Hakami, Mahmoud A. Younis, Hanan A. Fan, Mohammed A. Jeraiby, Yasser Alraey

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence mono-resistant tuberculosis (MR-TB) and multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and evaluate the risk factors associated with the drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was applied, utilizing the TB patients’ medical records at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The records of patients notified between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed and culture positive cases for Mycobacterium tuberculosis species were included. Moreover, the risk factors included were age, gender, smoking history, renal disease, liver disease, hyperbilirubinemia, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Results: Nine hundred and one cases in entirety were involved …

Clinical Validation Of A Sensitive Test For Saliva Collected In Healthcare And Community Settings With Pooling Utility For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Mass Surveillance, Panelnikhil S. Sahajpal, Ashis K. Mondal, Sudha Ananth, Allan Njau, Pankaj Ahluwalia, Vamsi Kota, Kevin Caspary, Ted M. Ross, Michael Farrell, Michael P. Shannon

Pathology, East Africa

The clinical performance of saliva compared with nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) has shown conflicting results in healthcare and community settings. In the present study, a total of 429 matched NPS and saliva sample pairs, collected in either healthcare or community setting, were evaluated. Phase-1 (protocol U) tested 240 matched NPS and saliva sample pairs; phase 2 (SalivaAll protocol) tested 189 matched NPS and saliva sample pairs, with an additional sample homogenization step before RNA extraction. A total of 85 saliva samples were evaluated with both protocols. In phase-1, 28.3% (68/240) samples tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Leave In The Time Of Covid: Examining Paid Sick Leave Laws, Jennifer B. Shinall

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress (as well as several states') passed emergency paid sick leave legislation? The federal legislation, known as the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), guaranteed most workers the right to eighty hours of sick leave at full pay while the employee was in COVID-19-related quarantine, plus an additional eighty hours of sick leave at two-thirds pay to care for another person in quarantine.' Congress felt compelled to pass such legislation because the United States infamously lags behind all other developed countries in guaranteeing paid health-related leave for workers. Of the top twenty-two highest …

Contextual Challenges In The Implementation Of The Alliance For Maternal And Newborn Health Improvement, Prospective Cohort Study, An Experience From Rural Pakistan, Yaqub Wasan, Shabina Ariff, Amjad Hussain, Sheraz Ahmed, Mansoor A. Abro, Imran Ahmed, Atif Habib, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Introduction: Improving maternal and newborn survival needs robust data on patterns of morbidity and mortality from well-characterized cohorts. It is equally important for researchers to document and understand the contextual challenges of data collection and how they are addressed.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study implemented from December 2012 to August 2014 in Matiari, Pakistan. A total of 11,315 pregnancies were enrolled. Participants were approached at home for sequential data collection through the standard pretested structured questionnaires. Some indicators were sourced through health facility records. Information on field challenges gathered through field diaries and minutes of meetings with field …

Mental Disorders Among Health Care Workers At The Early Phase Of Covid-19 Pandemic In Kenya; Findings Of An Online Descriptive Survey, Edith Kamaru Kwobah, Ann Mwangi, Kirtika Patel, Thomas Mwogi, Robert Kiptoo, Lukoye Atwoli

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Healthcare workers responding to the Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) are at risk of mental illness. Data is scanty on the burden of mental disorders among Kenyan healthcare workers responding to the pandemic that can inform mental health and psychosocial support. The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency and associated factors of worry, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder and poor quality of sleep among Kenyan health care workers at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted an online survey among 1,259 health care workers in Kenya. A researcher developed social demographic questionnaire and several …

Covid-19 And Mental Well-Being Of Nurses In A Tertiary Facility In Kenya, Sayed Karar, Jasmit Shah, Zohray Talib

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health emergency which has been shown to pose a great challenge to mental health, well-being and resilience of healthcare workers, especially nurses. Little is known on the impact of COVID-19 among nurses in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between August and November 2020 among nurses recruited from the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. The survey questionnaire consisted of six components- demographic and work title characteristics, information regarding care of COVID-19 patients, symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, distress and burnout, measured using standardized questionnaires. Multivariable logistic …

Risk Perception, Knowledge, Attitude, And Preventive Practice Towards Covid-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey In Kerala, Swapna K G

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic affects people of all ages; healthy and unhealthy. The only measure for prevention of the spread of infection is SMS (social distance, mask and sanitation) in the absence of an effective drug or vaccine. The lockdown had affected people’s mobility and livelihood.

Objectives: This study assessed the risk perception, knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of people of Kerala towards Covid-19 outbreak immediately after the fourth phase of lockdown and the association between the risk perception, knowledge, attitude and preventive practices and sociodemographic variables and the factors associated with risk perception.

Methods: The online …

Assessment Of Concerns And Health-Seeking Behaviours Related To Covid-19 Infection, Elizebeth Rani. V, Sudha Arumugam, Yashodha G

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Assessment of concerns and health-seeking behaviours related to COVID-19 infection

Elizebeth Rani V ^1* R Sudha ² , Yashodha G ³

1. Reader, VHS-MA Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2. Principal, VHS-MA Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

3. Lecturer, VHS-MA Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

*Corresponding author

Elizebeth Rani. V, Reader, VHS-MA Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

E-mail: [email protected]

Short title: Elizebeth et al. Health-seeking behaviours related to COVID-19.

How to cite this article: Elizebeth Rani V, Sudha R, & Yashodha G (2021). Assessment of …

Epidemics And Pandemics: That Changed The Public Health History, Suja Karkada Dr., Mickael Antonie Joseph Dr., Celastin Susan, Veena Sophiya Menezes, Lanet Smitha Karkada

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Epidemics and Pandemics: that changed the public health history

Abstract

Currently, the world is experiencing one of the most disruptive pandemics in the modern history of disease and illness. As human beings became more civilized, started building cities, establishing trade routes between cities and countries, the conditions needed for these diseases to spread were greatly enhanced and hence history has recorded many more epidemics and pandemics since the advent of global travel. Many of these epidemics and pandemics have disrupted the life of common human being from BC 430(Athens Plague) until date (Covid 19). Most of the recorded epidemics in …

The Clean Air Act Of 1963: Postwar Environmental Politics And The Debate Over Federal Power, Adam D. Orford

Scholarly Works

This Article explores the development of the Clean Air Act of 1963, the first law to allow the federal government to fight air pollution rather than study it. The Article focuses on the postwar years (1945-1963) and explores the rise of public health medical research, cooperative federalism, and the desire to harness the powers of the federal government for domestic social improvement, as key precursors to environmental law. It examines the origins of the idea that the federal government should "do something" about air pollution, and how that idea was translated, through drafting, lobbying, politicking, hearings, debate, influence, and votes, …

Regression Methods For Group Testing Data, Michael Stutz

Theses and Dissertations

Group testing is an efficient method of disease screening, whereby individual specimens (e.g., blood, urine, etc.) are pooled together and tested as a whole for the presence of disease. A common goal is to use data arising from these testing protocols to better understand the relationship between disease status and potential risk factors (e.g., age, symptom status, etc.). Numerous statistical methodologies have been developed for this purpose, most of which are built within the framework of a generalized linear model. Recent authors have suggested the inadequacy of such regression methods to capture the true functional relationships when nonlinear effects are …

Trends In Race/Ethnicity Of Pediatric Residents And Fellows: 2007-2019, Kimberly Montez, Emma A Omoruyi, Kenya Mcneal-Trice, Wendy J Mack, Lahia Yemane, Alissa R Darden, Christopher J Russell

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A diverse pediatric workforce reflecting the racial/ethnic representation of the US population is an important factor in eliminating health inequities. Studies reveal minimal improvements over time in the proportions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) physicians; however, studies assessing trends in pediatric URiM trainee representation are limited. Our objective was to evaluate longitudinal trends in racial/ethnic representation among a cross-section of US pediatric trainees and to compare it to the US population.

METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional study of graduate medical education census data on self-reported race/ethnicity of pediatric residents and subspecialty fellows from 2007 to 2019. To evaluate trends …

Lymphatic Dissemination And Axillary Web Syndrome In Primary Cutaneous Tuberculosis Secondary To Needlestick Injury, Alexandre E Malek, Caroline E Fife, John C Rasmussen, Ron J Karni, John R Morrow, Audrey Wanger, Eva M Sevick-Muraca, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to skin inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is uncommon but it can occur in the health care settings. Herein, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous tuberculosis of the thumb following a needlestick injury. The infection progressed with a necrotic granuloma, lymphatic dysfunction as visualized by near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging, and the development of an axillary web syndrome.

Healthy Herds In The Phytoplankton: The Benefit Of Selective Parasitism, Davis Laundon, Thomas Mock, Glen Wheeler, Michael Cunliffe

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The impact of selective predation of weaker individuals on the general health of prey populations is well-established in animal ecology. Analogous processes have not been considered at microbial scales despite the ubiquity of microbe-microbe interactions, such as parasitism. Here we present insights into the biotic interactions between a widespread marine thraustochytrid and a diatom from the ecologically important genus Chaetoceros. Physiological experiments show the thraustochytrid targets senescent diatom cells in a similar way to selective animal predation on weaker prey individuals. This physiology-selective targeting of ‘unhealthy’ cells appears to improve the overall health (i.e., increased photosynthetic quantum yield) of the …

Rsif Côte D’Ivoire Rapport Pays 2021 - French, Regional Scholarship And Innovation Fund (Rsif)

Rsif Country Progress Reports

Contribution de la Côte d’Ivoire au RSIF: Le premier paiement de la Cote d’Ivoire (1 033 496,73 USD) a été reçu par le Centre international de physiologie et d’écologie des insectes (icipe), l’Unité de coordination régionale du RSIF, le 21 mars 2019. Le solde restant pour l’adhésion selon la Charte PASET est de 966 503,27 USD . 80 % de la cotisation de la Côte d’Ivoire soutient directement la formation des chercheurs ivoiriens. Les possibilités d’expansion de l’innovation en Côte d’Ivoire grâce à cet investissement sont multipliées par l’effet de levier résultant du soutien de contrepartie de divers donateurs, dont …

Rsif Côte D’Ivoire Country Report 2021 - English, Regional Scholarship And Innovation Fund (Rsif)

Rsif Country Progress Reports

Côte d’Ivoire’s contribution to RSIF: Côte d’Ivoire paid an initial instalment of USD 1,033,496.73 to the International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), the RSIF Regional Coordination Unit on 21 March 2019. 80% of Côte d’Ivoire’s contribution directly supports training of Ivorian scholars and is currently committed to enrolled students in the RSIF PhD scholarship programme. The potential of Côte d’Ivoire’s innovative expansion due to this investment is multiplied when leveraged by the funds through matching support from various donors, including the Government of Korea, international partner institutions and others. Ivorian institutions are also eligible to compete for grants …

Evaluating The Vector Competence Of Aedes Simpsoni Sl From Kenyan Coast For Ngari And Bunyamwera Viruses, James Mutisya, Michael Kahato, Francis Mulwa, Solomon Langat, Edith Chepkorir, Samuel Arum, David Tchouassi, Rosemary Sang, Joel Lutomiah

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background Bunyamwera(BUNV) and Ngari (NGIV) viruses are arboviruses of medical importance globally, the viruses are endemic in Africa, Aedes(Ae) aegypti and Anopheles(An) gambiae mosquitoes are currently competent vectors for BUNV and NGIV respectively. Both viruses have been isolated from humans and mosquitoes in various ecologies of Kenya. Understanding the risk patterns and spread of the viruses necessitate studies of vector competence in local vector population of Ae. simpsoni sl which is abundant in the coastal region. This study sought to assess the ability of Ae. Simpsoni sl mosquitoes abundant at the Coast of Kenya to transmit these viruses in experimental …

Rsif Tanzania Country Report 2021, Regional Scholarship And Innovation Fund (Rsif)

Rsif Country Progress Reports

Tanzania’s collaboration with RSIF: Tanzania participated at the 5th PASET Forum and has expressed its intention to contribute to RSIF. The Minister of Education, Science and Technology represents Tanzania in the PASET Governing Council (GC), and the Director for Science, Technology and Innovation, sits in the PASET Executive Board (EB). The potential of Tanzania’s innovative expansion due to investment in RSIF is multiplied when leveraged by the funds through matching support from various donors, including the Government of Korea, international partner institutions and others. By contributing to RSIF, Tanzania will benefit from joint resource mobilization with other countries and capacity …