Digital Commons Network^™

Poster 10, Mateo Oleas

Drug Discovery and Development Colloquium

No abstract provided.

Bibliometric Landscape Of Indian Publications On Covid-19 In 2020, Tapas Kumar Ghosh

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper attempts to provide a bibliometric landscape of Indian publications on the topic “COVID-19” in the year 2020. The threat of “COVID-19” pandemic constrained the researchers across the world to foster the research activities to combat the drastic effect of the new emerged infectious disease on human beings turned into pandemic in 2020 resulted influx in publication around the globe and the contribution of India found considerable. As per the data retrieved from Web of Science (WOS) on 29^th April, 2021, 62755 documents published at the global level on the topic “COVID-19” in the year 2020 where India …

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity & Phytochemical Analysis Of Two South Texas Species Of The Fabaceae Family, Peter Cavazos

Theses and Dissertations

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of new strains are of great concern to the global health community. The search for novel agents to combat the rapid evolution of bacterial pathogens becomes ever more important as current methods are proving ineffective. In the present study, the different solvent extracts (acetone, methanol, and acetic acid) of Acacia berlandieri and Acacia rigidula (leaves) were evaluated for phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Plant leaves of Acacia rigidula and Acacia berlandieri were sequentially extracted using acetone, methanol and acetic acid that were then subjected to susceptibility testing …

Evaluation Of Nurse Staffing, Engagement And Satisfaction In A South Carolina Rehabilitation Facility: Impact On Patient Outcomes, Eileen Klang

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Manuscripts

An acute care rehabilitation facility in Horry County, South Carolina was the setting for this program evaluation of nurse staffing, engagement and satisfaction and if those factors had any effect on patient outcomes in the facility. Nursing department staffing, engagement and patient outcome data was evaluated for trends and themes. Through stakeholder meetings, data was collected, a qualitative and quantitative satisfaction survey was administered to nursing staff. Evaluation of the data occurred and revealed multiple factors that led to nursing department turnover between 2018 and 2020. During the increase in turnover, it was noted that patient falls, and catheter associated …

A Multi-Stage Seir(D) Model Of The Covid-19 Epidemic In Korea, Hee-Young Shin

Economics Faculty Publications

Background: This paper uses a SEIR(D) model to analyse the time-varying transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea throughout its multiple stages of development. This multi-stage estimation of the model parameters offers a better model fit compared to the whole period analysis and shows how the COVID-19's infection patterns change over time, primarily depending on the effectiveness of the public health authority's non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Methods: This paper uses the SEIR(D) compartment model to simulate and estimate the parameters for three distinctive stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea, using a manually compiled COVID-19 epidemic dataset for the period …

Longitudinal Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Acceptability, Initiation And Adherence Among Criminal Justice-Involved Adults In The Usa: The Southern Prep Cohort Study (Specs) Protocol, Katherine Lemasters, Carrie B. Oser, Mariah Cowell, Katie Mollan, Kathryn Nowotny, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein

Sociology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: HIV prevalence among criminal justice (CJ)-involved adults is five times higher than the general population. Following incarceration, CJ-involved individuals experience multilevel barriers to HIV prevention. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a widely available, daily medication efficacious in preventing HIV. Little is known about PrEP knowledge, acceptability, initiation and sustained use among CJ-involved persons or about how these outcomes vary by multilevel factors. The Southern Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Study (SPECS) will investigate barriers and facilitators for PrEP initiation and sustained use among CJ-involved adults, building a foundation for PrEP interventions for this underserved population.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: SPECS uses a mixed-methods sequential …

High-Density Blood Transcriptomics Reveals Precision Immune Signatures Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Hospitalized Individuals, Jeremy W. Prokop, Nicholas L. Hartog, Dave Chesla, William Faber

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The immune response to COVID-19 infection is variable. How COVID-19 influences clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients needs to be understood through readily obtainable biological materials, such as blood. We hypothesized that a high-density analysis of host (and pathogen) blood RNA in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 would provide mechanistic insights into the heterogeneity of response amongst COVID-19 patients when combined with advanced multidimensional bioinformatics for RNA. We enrolled 36 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (11 died) and 15 controls, collecting 74 blood PAXgene RNA tubes at multiple timepoints, one early and in 23 patients after treatment with various therapies. Total RNAseq was performed …

Development Of Computational Antibiotic Screening Platform Across Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Yinghui Dai

Dissertations - ALL

Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or stopping them from reproducing. Throughout the use of antibiotics, bacteria has developed a variety of defense mechanisms against antibiotics and thus diminishing their effectiveness. Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat and becomes a global crisis as it is able to constantly evolve and rapidly spread. In the face of increasing bacterial resistance to all known antibiotics, there is an urgent need to accelerate the antibiotic discovery pipeline and discover new classes of antibiotics. A major bottleneck in the discovery of novel antibiotics is the limited permeability of …

Bioavailability Of Single-Dose Suba-Itraconazole Compared To Conventional Itraconazole Under Fasted And Fed Conditions, Adriana M Rauseo, Patrick Mazi, Phoebe Lewis, Bruce Burnett, Stuart Mudge, Andrej Spec

Open Access Publications

Conventional itraconazole (C-ITZ) suffers from absorption variability. SUBA-itraconazole (S-ITZ) is more bioavailable than C-ITZ at steady state in a fed condition, but there are no data comparing the two under a fasted state. An open-label, single-dose, randomized, bioequivalence study was performed comparing S-ITZ to C-ITZ capsules under fasted and fed conditions in healthy adults measuring itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole plasma levels. This study demonstrated less variability of S-ITZ compared to C-ITZ capsules under fasted conditions.

Poster 01, Hanan Albataineh

Drug Discovery and Development Colloquium

No abstract provided.

Poster 12, Hanan Albataineh

Drug Discovery and Development Colloquium

No abstract provided.

Improving Outcomes For Sexual Assault Patients In Alignment With Hiv Npep Clinical Guidelines, Maria Dahlke, Rachel Kanz

Nursing DNP Projects

Purpose and Rationale

The purpose of this project is to improve the follow-up care given to adult patients, 18 years and older, who require human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) treatment after a sexual assault. The goal is to determine if organizational alignment with HIV nPEP clinical guidelines through staff education improves medication adherence for adult sexual assault patients. Currently, sexual assault survivors have the lowest medication adherence rate to HIV nPEP among those at risk for HIV.

Synthesis of Evidence

The evidence supports the standardization of care for sexual assault patients' individual needs. Educating health care professionals …

How Uab Researchers Keep Major Studies Moving In A Pandemic, Matt Windsor

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

General Public Perception Of Social Media, Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic, And Related Misconceptions, Rabiya Ali, Shireen Jawed, Mukhtiar Baig, Ahmed Azam Malik, Fatima Syed, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objectives: To investigate the general public perception of social media (SM), impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, and related misconceptions among Pakistani population.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted during the peak of COVID-19 in Pakistan between May-June 2020 comprised of 2307 Pakistani male and female participants. Subjects under 18 years of age and nationality other than Pakistani were excluded. An online questionnaire was administered via the Internet using various kinds of social media.
Results: The study comprised of 2307 male and female participants; 2074(89.90%) were using SM for seeking COVID-19 information, 450 (20%) were using both Facebook (FB) and WhatsApp (WA) and …

Stronger Transition: Coping With Natural Disasters, And Health-Economic Investment For Adolescents In Developing Countries, Mengqi Liu

Economics ETDs

This dissertation investigates the period of adolescence as another important window for human capital development. The first chapter provides the introduction of my three research papers, highlighting the research motivation, goals, and contributions. The final chapter summarizes the conclusions and discusses the future research trajectory. The first paper examines the long-term health and socioeconomic implications of exposure to natural disasters during adolescence and childhood. In the second paper, I survey the current awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine in Nepal and test the different indicators for HPV vaccination, precisely the mother’s intention to vaccinate their adolescent girls against …

(Wp 2021-06) A Contextualist Approach To Health Economics, John B. Davis, Robert Mcmaster

Economics Working Papers

This paper departs from the standard abstract economics approach to health economics to develop a specifically contextualist approach to the subject emphasizing social and historical circumstances affecting health provision. Following Polanyi, it sees the economy as socially embedded and economic relationships as social relationships. The paper critically examines Grossman’s natural science utility maximization explanation of people’s demand for health and health care, and advances an alternative social science account using a two-way analysis between micro level social relationships and the macro level organization of health in society. Three significant trends affecting the future of health systems are discussed. The paper …

Gut Integrity And Duodenal Enteropathogen Burden In Undernourished Children With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Zehra Jamil, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Romana Idress, Zubair Ahmad, Kamran Sadiq, Junaid Iqbal, Sana Syed, Aneeta Hotwani, Furqan Kabir, Kumail Ahmed, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayyaz Umrani, Fatima Aziz, Adil Kalam, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > -1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = -0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.

Choosing Readings: Portuguese Academic Library Users' Preferences For Printed Books Or E-Books, Tatiana Sanches, Luiza Baptista Melo, Isabel Sá, Célia Cruz

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

The emergence of e-books as resources of scientific information in university libraries has been imposing at the pace of technology, with advantages such as portability, cost or accessibility, assuming that e-reading is being well received and appropriated by library users, who can access scientific information from anywhere. However, recent studies from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, pointed to the resurgence of paper reading preferences. This study analyses the behavioural trends in the use of scientific information from these two media: printed books and e-books and the way university libraries users choose to use it, particularly in the pandemic context. To …

Safe Opioid Prescribing Through Proper Screening, Joelle M. Carson

Dissertations

It is known in today's healthcare that opioid abuse is on the rise in the United States. The project site noted aberrant behaviors and the seeking of narcotics from certain clients in the occupational health clinic. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental quality improvement project was to determine if the implementation of Webster's Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) would impact the number of opioid prescriptions written for acute pain among patients seen an occupational health clinic in central Indiana over four-weeks. The theoretical frameworks utilized in the project included Skinner's behaviorist theory, Bandura's social cognitive theory, and Orem's self-care deficit theory. …

A Retrospective Review On Antibiotic Use In Acute Watery Diarrhea In Children In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Karachi, Pakistan, Sonia Qureshi, Shahzadi Resham, Mariam Hashmi, Abdullah B. Naveed, Zoya Haq, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Responsible for at least one in nine pediatric deaths, diarrheal diseases are the leading, global cause of death. Further abetted by improper antibiotic use in a hospital setting, children with acute watery diarrhea can see prolonged hospital stays, and unwanted adverse effects such as antibiotic resistance. Hence, this study is aimed to identify the association between antibiotic usage for the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in children, and the impact this line of management has on the duration of their hospital stay.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at the department of Pediatric of Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) …

Neurointerventions, Crime, And Punishment: Ethical Considerations By Jesper Ryberg, Fiona Sarazin

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

A UNIQUE HALLMARK OF CRIMINAL LAW is that it concerns itself with the moral culpability of offenders. Penal theory has long purported to align with the prevalent orthodoxies of criminology, which have been increasingly informed by cognitive science. Recent advancements in brain imaging and neuroscience have revealed a growing ability to target structural and functional impairments that predispose psychopathy and violent tendencies. Neurointerventions, Crime, and Punishment delineates the ethical objections to the use of brain interventions, or “neurointerventions” (NIs) on offenders within a criminal justice framework for the purpose of crime prevention.

Significant Regional Differences In Antibiotic Use Across 576 Us Hospitals And 11 701 326 Adult Admissions, 2016-2017, Katherine E Goodman, Sara E Cosgrove, Lisa Pineles, Laurence S Magder, Deverick J Anderson, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Ronald E Polk, Hude Quan, William E Trick, Keith F Woeltje, Surbhi Leekha, Anthony D Harris

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Quantifying the amount and diversity of antibiotic use in United States hospitals assists antibiotic stewardship efforts but is hampered by limited national surveillance. Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining adult antibiotic use across 576 hospitals and nearly 12 million encounters in 2016-2017.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients aged ≥ 18 years discharged from hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. Using daily antibiotic charge data, we mapped antibiotics to mutually exclusive classes and to spectrum of activity categories. We evaluated relationships between facility and case-mix …

The Treatment Of Streptococcal Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis In Young Children., Laura Norton, Angela Myers

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Pharyngitis is common in children, accounting for nearly 12 million visits annually in the United States. Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus (GAS) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis for which antibiotics are indicated. Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis virtually eliminates the presence of bacteria from the pharynx and thus removes the risk of subsequent rheumatic fever. GAS is spread from person to person via respiratory droplets with a short incubation period of 2∼5 days. GAS pharyngitis peaks in the late winter and early spring months when children are predominately indoors for school and sports. Colonization is also …

Disability Injustice: A Latino’S Creative Autoethnographic Testimonio On The Organizational Culture Of Higher Education, Leonel A. Diaz Jr.

Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs

Using creative autoethnographic testimonio (CAT), a story is told about the injustices within the learning environment and work environment of higher education toward a person with disabilities: sleep apnea, learning disabilities, negative mental health. The author explores the health difficulties of addressing sleep deprivation while attending graduate school and working full-time as a professional. With sleep apnea impacting his health, his mental health declines. As his health declines, there is an increase in discrimination, hostility, oppression, bullying, and toxic masculinity. Initially, the medical system dismisses his declining health and refuses to look further into it. Once he receives medical care …

Increasing The Use Of Permethrin To Prevent Zika Infections Among University Students, Islam Khalil, Laura Yut, Kulsum Agha, Leticia Furlani Bodanese, Stephanie Barajas, Jhonsley Frederic, Andrea Catalina Silva, William W. Darrow

Florida Public Health Review

Background. In summer 2016, Miami-Dade County, Florida, declared a public health emergency when reports of locally acquired Zika infections were confirmed. Officials at a large public university in the county warned students of the risks and advocated the use of repellents and permethrin to prevent mosquito bites. A subsequent study showed few students (2.9%) sprayed their clothes with permethrin. Purpose. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine, a team of Master of Public Health students sought to determine if a brief educational intervention might increase permethrin use. Methods. Students living in six dormitories were chosen as the …

Preventing Thrombohemorrhagic Complications Of Heparinized Covid-19 Patients Using Adjunctive Thromboelastography: A Retrospective Study, Connor M. Bunch, Anthony V. Thomas, John E. Stillson, Laura Gillespie, Rashid Z. Khan, Nuha Zackariya, Faadil Shariff, Mahmoud Al-Fadhl, Nicolas Mjaess, Peter D. Miller, Michael T. Mccurdy, Daniel H. Fulkerson, Joseph B. Miller, Hau C. Kwaan, Ernest E. Moore, Hunter B. Moore, Matthew D. Neal, Peter L. Martin, Mark L. Kricheff, Mark M. Walsh

Emergency Medicine Articles

BACKGROUND: The treatment of COVID-19 patients with heparin is not always effective in preventing thrombotic complications, but can also be associated with bleeding complications, suggesting a balanced approach to anticoagulation is needed. A prior pilot study supported that thromboelastography and conventional coagulation tests could predict hemorrhage in COVID-19 in patients treated with unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin, but did not evaluate the risk of thrombosis.

METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study included 79 severely ill COVID-19 patients anticoagulated with intermediate or therapeutic dose unfractionated heparin. Two stepwise logistic regression models were performed with bleeding or thrombosis as the dependent variable, and thromboelastography …

Human Apobec3 Variations And Viral Infection, Shiva Sadeghpour, Saeideh Khodaee, Mostafa Rahnama, Hamzeh Rahimi, Diako Ebrahimi

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using deaminase and deaminase-independent mechanisms. These enzymes are essential components of our innate immune system, as evidenced by (a) their strong positive selection and expansion in primates, (b) the evolution of viral counter-defense mechanisms, such as proteasomal degradation mediated by HIV Vif, and (c) hypermutation and inactivation of a large number of integrated HIV-1 proviruses. Numerous APOBEC3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, and splice variants have been identified in humans. Several of these variants have been reported to be associated …

Rapid Development Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) Purulent Pericarditis In The Setting Of Endocarditis, Samiullah Arshad, Naoki Misumida

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) purulent pericarditis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of MRSA bacteremia. We describe a case of a 27-year-old patient with active intravenous drug use, who presented with fever, chills, and dyspnea and was found to have tricuspid valve endocarditis. Echocardiogram on admission showed no pericardial effusion. The patient became hypotensive, with worsening dyspnea, in the following 3 days. A computed tomography scan of the chest was repeated and showed a large pericardial effusion. The patient underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardial drain placement. Antibiotics were continued, with resolution of effusion. Early pericardiocentesis of a large purulent pericardial …

Capacity Building For A New Multicenter Network Within The Echo Idea States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network., Robert D Annett, Scott Bickel, John C Carlson, Kelly Cowan, Sara Cox, Mark J Fisher, J Dean Jarvis, Alberta S Kong, Jessica S Kosut, Kurtis R Kulbeth, Abbot Laptook, Pearl A Mcelfish, Mary M Mcnally, Lee Pachter, Do, Barbara A Pahud, Lee A Pyles, Jennifer Shaw, Kari Simonsen, Jessica Snowden, Christine B Turley, Andrew M Atz

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Introduction: Research capacity building is a critical component of professional development for pediatrician scientists, yet this process has been elusive in the literature. The ECHO IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) seeks to implement pediatric trials across medically underserved and rural populations. A key component of achieving this objective is building pediatric research capacity, including enhancement of infrastructure and faculty development. This article presents findings from a site assessment inventory completed during the initial year of the ISPCTN.

Methods: An assessment inventory was developed for surveying ISPCTN sites. The inventory captured site-level activities designed to increase clinical trial research …

Factors Influencing Rural Women’S Physical Activity Behaviors: A Social Ecological Perspective, Karen Lynn Webb

Nursing ETDs

ABSTRACT

Chronic disease and poor mental health are disproportionally impacting adults living in rural America. Regular physical activity has been shown to promote overall well-being and prevent many chronic diseases. Yet, research shows that many rural adults do not engage in enough physical activity to meet the recommended levels put forth by the federal government. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore and describe the experiences of physical activity as perceived by rural women in their own words. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews of 20 women aged 25 to 34 living in McDowell County, West …