Digital Commons Network^™

Analyzing The Consistency Of Scoring Porotic Hyperostosis From 3d Scans, Carson Rouse

Master's Theses

The use of 3D scans is becoming more and more common in the field of bioarchaeology. They alleviate the need to travel, allow for larger sample sizes, and can help preserve bones with pathologies on them which make them more fragile. Though there are major benefits with using 3D scanning of human remains, there is a lack of studies which examine whether or not traditional pathology scoring methods can be used to consistently gather the same data from these 3D scans. This project examines how consistently six researchers of varying experience levels scored porotic hyperostosis from 25 3D scans on …

On A Stochastic Model Of Epidemics, Rachel Prather

Master's Theses

This thesis examines a stochastic model of epidemics initially proposed and studied by Norman T.J. Bailey [1]. We discuss some issues with Bailey's stochastic model and argue that it may not be a viable theoretical platform for a more general epidemic model. A possible alternative approach to the solution of Bailey's stochastic model and stochastic modeling is proposed as well. Regrettably, any further study on those proposals will have to be discussed elsewhere due to a time constraint.

Specific Secondary Bile Acids Control Chicken Necrotic Enteritis, Mohit Bansal, Tahrir Jatli Alenezi, Ying Fu, Ayidh Almansour, Hong Wang, Anamika Gupta, Rohana Liyanage, Danielle B. Graham, Billy Hargis, Xiaolun Sun

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Necrotic enteritis (NE), mainly induced by the pathogens of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia, causes huge economic losses with limited intervention options in the poultry industry. This study investigated the role of specific bile acids on NE development. Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups: noninfected, NE, and NE with four bile diets of 0.32% chicken bile, 0.15% commercial ox bile, 0.15% lithocholic acid (LCA), or 0.15% deoxycholic acid (DCA). The birds were infected with Eimeria maxima at day 18 and C. perfringens at day 23 and 24. The infected birds developed clinical NE signs. The NE birds suffered severe …

Progress Towards Antibiotic Use Targets In Eight High-Income Countries, Bryony Simmons, Koya Ariyoshi, Norio Ohmagari, Celine Pulcini, Benedikt Huttner, Sumanth Gandra, Giovanni Satta, Lorenzo Moja, Michael Sharland, Nicola Magrini, Marisa Miraldo, Graham Cooke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To compare antibiotic sales in eight high-income countries using the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) classification and the target of 60% consumption of Access category antibiotics.

METHODS: We analysed data from a commercial database of sales of systemic antibiotics in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America over the years 2013-2018. We classified antibiotics according to the 2019 AWaRe categories: Access, Watch, Reserve and Not Recommended. We measured antibiotic sales per capita in standard units (SU) per capita and calculated Access group …

Use Of Convalescent Plasma In Covid-19 Patients With Immunosuppression, Jonathon W Senefeld, Jeffrey P Henderson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In the absence of effective countermeasures, human convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including among patients with innate or acquired immunosuppression. However, the association between COVID-19-associated mortality in patients with immunosuppression and therapeutic use of convalescent plasma is unknown. We review 75 reports, including one large matched-control registry study of 143 COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancies, and 51 case reports and 23 case series representing 238 COVID-19 patients with immunosuppression. We review clinical features and treatment protocols of COVID-19 patients with immunosuppression after …

Piloting The Feasibility And Preliminary Impact Of Adding Birth Hiv Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing To The Early Infant Diagnosis Guidelines In Kenya., Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Catherine Wexler, Melinda Brown, Kathy Goggin, Raphael Lwembe, Niaman Nazir, Brad Gautney, Samoel Khamadi, Shadrack Babu, Elizabeth Muchoki, Nicodemus Maosa, Natabhona Mabachi, Yvonne Kamau, May Maloba

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: In Kenya, standard early infant diagnosis (EID) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing at 6-week postnatal achieves early treatment initiation (<12 >weeks) in

Methods: We piloted birth testing at 4 Kenyan hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Eligible HIV-exposed infants were offered both point-of-care and PCR HIV testing at birth (window 0 to <4 >weeks) and 6 weeks (window 4-12 weeks). We report the: proportion of infants tested at birth, 6-week, and both birth and 6-week testing; median infant age at results; seropositivity and antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Results: Final sample included 624 mother-infant pairs. Mean maternal age was 30.4 …

Crowd Monitoring For Pandemic Using Mask R-Cnn, Db Chen, H Samani, Cy Yang, Ge Jan

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

In this research, a vision system based on pixel-level deep learning image recognition algorithm is proposed. This system can be used to identify whether people entering and exiting a building are wearing a mask, and to calculate the cumulative number of people in a specific space. The system monitors and analyses crowd entering and exiting and as soon as finds that they are not wearing mask or the number of people in a specific space has reached the upper limit, the system sends a warning notification to the administrator. Through advanced detection systems, personnel can be controlled, especially for the …

Exploring Longleaf Pine Restoration In The Sandhills Of South Carolina, Elizabeth Eleanor Johnson

All Theses

This thesis provides insight on best management practices for a longleaf pine restoration project occurring at the Camden Battlefield and Longleaf Pine Preserve (hereon referred to as the Camden Battlefield or battlefield). Chapter one is a literature review to summarize all the knowledge collected to design, implement, and analyze the work conducted in the subsequent chapters. Chapter two aims to identify and quantify the vegetative species currently found at the battlefield, to characterize vegetative and soil conditions before and after a prescribed fire to part of the battlefield, and to establish a monitoring protocol that could be done indefinitely in …

Analysis Of Relative Frequency Of Commuting Modes During Covid-19 Pandemic", Shreya Chintawar

All Theses

At the end of December 2019, a new coronavirus spread in Wuhan, China, and worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak of the COVID-19 virus a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Different states and cities implemented various strategies including school closure, working from home, and restaurant and shop closures to control the virus spread, resulting in reduced travel demand. COVID-19 provided an opportunity to understand the differential impacts of a pandemic on travel demand. This study investigates the changes in the U.S. transportation mode use and factors influencing changes in mode use frequency for commuting during the …

Applications Of Deep Learning Augmented Systems For Covid-19 Predictions- A Literature Review, Cherie Noteboom, David Zeng, Rajesh Godasu, Kruttika Sutrave

Research & Publications

Covid-19 Diagnosis needs new Information Systems technologies as Deep learning methods, especially in medical image screening. We aim to review the applications of deep learning augmented systems in Covid-19 predictions with the help of a large literature collection from four major databases IEEE explore, ACM, Web of Science, and PubMed. We have identified three major research themes from the current literature, Image Classification, Image segmentation, and evaluation methods for DL models. Among the DL techniques, Transfer Learning is identified as the most popular method for different tasks on Chest X-rays and CT scans. Pre-trained models such as ResNet, VGG, DenseNet, …

Effect Of Borrelia Burgdorferi On The Amyloid-Beta And Phospho-Tau Markers And Oxidative Stress Response Of Neuroblastoma Cells, Dina Elzohiry

Master's Theses

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the neurons are injured and mostly subjected to death throughout the brain, interconnections between neural networks may detach, and several regions of the brain begin to shrink in size. Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) and phospho-tau (p-Tau) are considered as main hallmarks of AD. Lyme-causing bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi can invade central nervous system resulting in neurological disorders. To evaluate how B. burgdorferi bacteria can contribute to the development and/or progress of AD, protein expression of Amyloid-Beta aggregates and p-Tau protein tangles were assessed before and after infection with B. burgdorferi in BE2C and Kelly neuroblastoma cell lines. To assess …

Examining The Impact Of Healthcare Providers In Relation To Gaining Patient's Acceptance And Initiation Of The Hpv Vaccine: An Integrative Review, Millie Elizabeth Knox

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent virus and the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Nearly 80 million people, approximately one in four, are currently infected in the United States (US). Given that HPV infections affects over 20 million Americans with possible life-threatening consequences, the importance of adhering to the recommended two-dose or three-dose vaccination series has a significant impact on cancer prevention. Research studies have suggested that adolescents and young adults are at an increased risk of STIs and low HPV vaccination rates. For this integrative review, the target population was adolescents to young adults, ages 9-26 …

Computational Techniques For Elucidating Plant-Pathogen Interactions: A Case Study On Citrus-Hlb Interactome, Cristian D. Loaiza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Citrus fruit industry in the United States has been affected during the last two decades because of the outbreak of the citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). Many people and organizations are working in therapeutics to help mitigate the impact of this disease, unfortunately there is not a cure yet. There are many mechanisms that needs to be understood about this disease, especially at the molecular level. Not only HLB, but many other infectious diseases are controlled by the interaction of proteins from the host (Citrus in this case) and from the pathogen that causes the disease. …

Assessing The Contribution Of Activated Stat1 And Stat3 On Survival And Resistance To Platinum-Based Chemotherapy And Radiation In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells, Alina Feng, Uddalak Bharadwaj, David Tweardy

Summer Experience 2021

No abstract provided.

Development And Characterization Of Stat3 Y705h Mutated Breast Cancer Cell Lines For Genetic Validation Of The Mechanism Of Action Of Stat3 Inhibitor Tti-101, Matt S. Macarthur, Moses M. Kasembeli, David J. Tweardy

Summer Experience 2021

No abstract provided.

2021-07-31_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Nanoscale Assembly Of Dectin-1 And Its Glucan Ligand In Immunocyte Membranes And Pathogen Cell Walls, Akram Etemadi Amin

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Candida spp. pathogens continue to be a significant health care burden with high mortality and exceeding enormous healthcare costs. Candida infection range varies from dermatological infection to more severe bloodstream infection in debilitated patients. Due to this, research dedicated to understanding biophysical interactions between Candida species and the host’s immune cells is essential. The C-type lectin’s (CtLs) are known to bind to Candida cell walls and play a crucial role in downstream immune signaling. It is known that β-glucans, the highly immunogenic polysaccharide in Candida’s cell wall, are mostly masked underneath a layer of mannosylated proteins. The amount of …

Thematic Analysis Of Military Medical Ethics Publications From 2000 To 2020—A Bibliometric Approach, Zachary Bailey [*], Peter Mahoney, Marina Miron, Martin Bricknell

Student Publications

There has been external criticism of the compliance of military health personnel with internationally agreed principles in military medical ethics (MME). In response, a number of authors have called for clarity on the principles and topics within the domain of MME. This complements an increased acknowledgment of the need for education in MME for military health personnel. Our paper utilizes bibliometric techniques to identify key themes in MME to inform the development of a curriculum for this subject.

Sinovac Vaccine Polemic Disinformation In Asymmetrical Warfare Perspective, Fera Belinda, Maria Puspitasari

International Review of Humanities Studies

The polemic of the China produced Sinovac Vaccine issue spreading among the public, is a form of disinformation used by political opposition to the government, to block and mess up the government’s effort to accelerate handling of Covid-19 transmission in Indonesia. The polemic results in 4 situations, namely; first, decreasing public trust in the government's commitment in eradicating the Covid-19 pandemic. Second, low level of support from the public of the Covid-19 handling programs. Third, delayed and slow economic recovery which brings down the public's economic ability due to increasing number of layoffs caused by decreases in companies’ turnover and …

Hypertension Self-Care Management During Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis In The Meranao Tribe: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Jonaid M. Sadang, Sittie Inshirah P. Macaronsing, Narima M. Alawi, Normala M. Taib, Hamdoni K. Pangandaman

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

The COVID-19 crisis has been a challenging and stressful event for individuals with known underlying health problems, not to mention their higher risk of contracting the disease. This phenomenological inquiry was conducted to explore the common self-care practices of the Meranao tribe in the Province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines, concerning their management of hypertension amidst the ongoing pandemic health crisis. This study employed a descriptive-phenomenological approach. Ten known hypertensive adults participated in the study selected using purposive sampling. Data collection employed focus group discussion (FGD) and then analyzed using Colaizzi's approach. Four themes were derived which explained the common …

Using Virus-Like Particles To Combat Cardiovascular Disease And Identify An Immunogenic Target Of Natural Zika Virus Infection In Humans, Alexandra Marie Fowler

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophages have been utilized as highly immunogenic vaccine platforms for displaying antigen targets of interest. Bacteriophage VLPs have a highly repetitive structure made of protein subunits that self-assemble into an icosahedral particle. These structures can strongly activate the immune system, especially B cells. Arraying antigens on the surface of VLPs in a multivalent manner can, in turn, confer the ability to induce strong antibody responses to virtually any target. This technique can even be used to elicit antibody responses against self-antigens. Here we have exploited these features for developing VLP-based vaccines that target self-molecules involved …

Physical Activity Behaviours In Adolescence: Current Evidence And Opportunities For Intervention, Esther M.F. Van Sluijs, Ulf Ekelund, Inacio Crochemore-Silva, Regina Guthold, Amy Ha, David Lubans, Adewale L. Oyeyemi, Ding Ding, Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Young people aged 10–24 years constitute 24% of the world's population; investing in their health could yield a triple benefit—eg, today, into adulthood, and for the next generation. However, in physical activity research, this life stage is poorly understood, with the evidence dominated by research in younger adolescents (aged 10–14 years), school settings, and high-income countries. Globally, 80% of adolescents are insufficiently active, and many adolescents engage in 2 h or more daily recreational screen time. In this Series paper, we present the most up-to-date global evidence on adolescent physical activity and discuss directions for identifying potential solutions to enhance …

Gray Matter Volumes Discriminate Cognitively Impaired And Unimpaired People With Hiv, Mikki Schantell, Brittany K. Taylor, Brandon Lew, Jennifer O'Neill, Pamela E. May, Susan Swindells, Tony W. Wilson

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Current diagnostic criteria of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) rely on neuropsychological assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate if gray matter volumes (GMV) can distinguish people with HAND, neurocognitively unimpaired people with HIV (unimpaired PWH), and uninfected controls using linear discriminant analyses.

METHODS: A total of 231 participants, including 110 PWH and 121 uninfected controls, completed a neuropsychological assessment and an MRI protocol. Among PWH, HAND (n = 48) and unimpaired PWH (n = 62) designations were determined using the widely accepted Frascati criteria. We then assessed the extent to which GMV, corrected for intracranial volume, could …

Epidemiological And Clinical Features Of Covid-19 Patients At National Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia, Agus Dwi Susanto, Anna Rozaliyani, Budi Prasetyo, Heidy Agustin, Hario Baskoro, Arief Riadi Arifin, Satria Pratama, Jamal Zaini, Bambang Dwi Hasto, Tugas Ratmono, Ary Indriana Savitri, Erlang Samoedro, Bahtiar Husain, Arifin Nawas, Erlina Burhan

Kesmas

The emergency hospital is intended to prevent transmission of COVID-19 in the community by isolating patients without symptoms, with mild or moderate symptoms. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to this facility. This retrospective study re-viewed data of patients treated at the National Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran in Jakarta, Indonesia, from March 23 to April 30, 2020. Patient characteristics (clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, Chest X-Ray, SARS-CoV-2 immunoserology, and RT-PCR results from nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal preparations) were compared between severity groups. There were 413 COVID-19 cases analyzed, of which 190 (46%) were …

Large-Scale Social Restriction (Lssr) Policy And Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia: A Case Study Of Five Subregions Of East Java Province, Aldio Yudha Trisandy, M. Azmi Maruf, Ririh Yudhastuti, M. Farid D. Lusno, Hari Basuki Notobroto

Kesmas

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia was announced in March 2020. Since then, the number of COVID-19 cases has continued to rise. This prompted the government to adopt Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) or large-scale social restrictions (LSSR). Certain areas within dengue fever endemic regions face two challenges: simultaneously tackling COVID-19 and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Five economic growth centers (a city and four districts) in East Java Province (Gresik, Bangkalan, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Lamongan) were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and adengue fever outbreak. This is a quantitative research with a comparative study design that …

Burundi’S ‘Worst Enemy’: The Country’S Fight Against Covid-19, Emery Manirambona, Henna Reddy, Emmanuel Uwiringiyimana, Theogene Uwizeyimana, Archith Kamath, Sai Arathi Parepalli, Salvador Sun Ruzats, Blaise Ntacyabukura, Sheikh M. S. Islam, Attaullah Ahmadi, Don E. Lucero-Prisno Iii

Kesmas

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved to be a severe global public health threat, causing high infection rates and mortality worldwide. Burundiwas not spared the adverse health outcomes of COVID-19. Although Burundi’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized, hope arose in June2020 when the new government instituted a plan to slow virus transmission that included public health campaigns, international travel restrictions, and masstesting, all of which proved effective. Burundi has faced many challenges in containing the virus, the first of which was the lack of initial preparedness and appropriate response to COVID-19. This was exacerbated by factors including …

Covid-19 And The City: A Healthy City Strategy For Pandemic Challenges, From Planning To Action, Hamzah Hasyim, Patricia Dale

Kesmas

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus discovered in 2019. WHO declared COVID-19 is a respiratory disease causedby SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic that the detection level of cases changed daily, and it can track almost in real-time. This paper used a narrative literaturereview to address issues of urban quality and lack of exercise. The specific aim was to discuss the concept of a healthy city, indicate a new urban model, andadvocate for the increased use of bicycles, outdoor gym/outdoor exercise, walking to reducing pollution, and improving physical, psychological, and social fitness. A healthy city can improve …

Impact Of Climate Variables On Covid-19 Pandemic In Asia: A Systematic Review, Yoerdy Agusmal Saputra, Dewi Susanna, Vernonia Yora Saki

Kesmas

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and threatens public health systems worldwide. Virus transmission can be influenced by several factors, one ofwhich is climatic conditions. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases and are variables that can determine the resistance of the SARS virus. This paper aimed to critically assess and provide evidence-based on the impactof climate variables on COVID-19 cases in Asia based on current knowledge to form the basis of guidelines for health care and prevention efforts. This systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews …

Economic Or Public Health? Southeast Asia’S Tackling Of Covid-19 A Year Later, Imas Arumsari, Ridhwan Fauzi, Mohammad Ainul Maruf, Mouhamad Bigwanto

Kesmas

The world has been challenged by rapidly spreading COVID-19 outbreaks for a year now. Southeast Asian countries have had different strategies to deal withthe pandemic. This review aimed to elaborate on Southeast Asian countries’ strategies in managing the trade-off between economic and public health, withfurther consideration of how such approaches were associated with the dynamics of the number of cases and the speed of economic recovery. This reviewevaluated the COVID-19 mitigation efforts spanning one year in the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries listed based on the Bloomberg COVID ResilienceRanking. As of May 24, 2021, three SEA countries (Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia) …

The Healthcare Needs Of Families Caring For Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Astuti Yuni Nursasi, Nadya Tiara Sabila, Muhamad Jauhar

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. Families need to meet healthcare needs during the treatment of TB sufferers. This study aims to identify healthcare needs of families caring for patients with the disease. The cross-sectional study involved 83 families caring for TB patients. The research was conducted at a Primary Healthcare Center in an urban area in West Java. The results revealed that 60.2% of caregivers were 18–40 years old, 60.2% were female, 51.8% were senior high school educated, 43.4% were housewives, 86.7% had an income under the regional minimum wage, and 55.4% had cared for the TB …