Digital Commons Network^™

Weight And Body Mass Index Change After Switching To Integrase Inhibitors Or Tenofovir Alafenamide Among Women Living With Hiv, Cecile D. Lahiri, Jane O'Halloran, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Severe Maternal Morbidity, Race, And Rurality: Trends Using The National Inpatient Sample, 2012–2017, Alina A. Luke, Kristine Huang, Kathryn J. Lindley, Ebony B. Carter, Karen E. Joynt Maddox

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Concordance Of Antibiotic Prescribing With The American Dental Association Acute Oral Infection Guidelines Within Veterans' Affairs (Va) Dentistry, Daniel B Carlsen, Michael J Durkin, Gretchen Gibson, M Marianne Jurasic, Ursula Patel, Linda Poggensee, Margaret A Fitzpatrick, Kelly Echevarria, Jessina Mcgregor, Charlesnika T Evans, Katie J Suda

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: United States dentists prescribe 10% of all outpatient antibiotics. Assessing appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing has been challenging due to a lack of guidelines for oral infections. In 2019, the American Dental Association (ADA) published clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on the management of acute oral infections. Our objective was to describe baseline national antibiotic prescribing for acute oral infections prior to the release of the ADA CPG and to identify patient-level variables associated with an antibiotic prescription.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis.

METHODS: We performed an analysis of national VA data from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. We identified cases …

Rural-Urban Differences In Antibiotic Prescribing For Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection, Abbye W Clark, Michael J Durkin, Margaret A Olsen, Matthew Keller, Yinjiao Ma, Caroline A O'Neil, Anne M Butler

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine rural-urban differences in temporal trends and risk of inappropriate antibiotic use by agent and duration among women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI).

DESIGN: Observational cohort study.

METHODS: Using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2010-2015), we identified US commercially insured women aged 18-44 years coded for uncomplicated UTI and prescribed an oral antibiotic agent. We classified antibiotic agents and durations as appropriate versus inappropriate based on clinical guidelines. Rural-urban status was defined by residence in a metropolitan statistical area. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the association between rural-urban status and inappropriate antibiotic receipt, accounting for …

Antibiotic-Driven Intestinal Dysbiosis In Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome Is Associated With Persistently Altered Microbiome Functions And Gut-Derived Bloodstream Infections, Robert Thänert, Anna Thänert, Jocelyn Ou, Adam Bajinting, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Holly J Engelstad, Maria E Tecos, I Malick Ndao, Carla Hall-Moore, Colleen Rouggly-Nickless, Mike A Carl, Deborah C Rubin, Nicholas O Davidson, Phillip I Tarr, Barbara B Warner, Gautam Dantas, Brad W Warner

Open Access Publications

Surgical removal of the intestine, lifesaving in catastrophic gastrointestinal disorders of infancy, can result in a form of intestinal failure known as short bowel syndrome (SBS). Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major challenge in pediatric SBS management. BSIs require frequent antibiotic therapy, with ill-defined consequences for the gut microbiome and childhood health. Here, we combine serial stool collection, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, multivariate statistics and genome-resolved strain-tracking in a cohort of 19 patients with surgically-induced SBS to show that antibiotic-driven intestinal dysbiosis in SBS enriches for persistent intestinal colonization with BSI causative pathogens in SBS. Comparing the gut microbiome composition of …

Understanding Drivers Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Racial Disparities: A Population-Level Analysis Of Covid-19 Testing Among Black And White Populations, Aaloke Mody, Kristin Pfeifauf, Cory Bradley, Branson Fox, Matifadza G. Hlatshwayo, Will Ross, Vetta Sanders-Thompson, Karen Joynt Maddox, Mat Reidhead, Mario Schootman, William G. Powderly, Elvin H. Geng

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing-the pandemic's most critical but limited resource-may be an important but modifiable driver of COVID-19 inequities.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the Missouri State Department of Health and Senior Services on all COVID-19 tests conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions. We adapted a well-established tool for measuring inequity-the Lorenz curve-to compare COVID-19 testing rates per diagnosed case among Black and White populations.

RESULTS: Between 14/3/2020 and 15/9/2020, 606 725 and 328 204 COVID-19 tests were conducted in the St Louis and Kansas City regions, respectively. Over time, Black individuals consistently …

A Counter-History Of Rhetorical Ecologies, Madison Jones

Professional and Public Writing Faculty Publications

In this essay, I argue that the ecological turn in rhetorical studies has produced spatiotemporal problems and that these problems are directly tied to the material disciplinary history of ecosystems ecology and its connections to the Anthropocene violence of nuclear colonialism. These spatiotemporal concerns result from rhetoric’s “ecological moment”—a kairotic framework that emphasizes flux but elides material histories. Building from rhetorical scholarship in decolonial historiography and place-based methods, I offer a counterhistory of ecology to demonstrate how our field can better engage with the dynamic narrative pasts that shape contemporary rhetorical ecological inquiry. Through this counterhistory, I provide a method …

Deep Mapping For Environmental Communication Design, Shannon Butts, Madison Jones

Professional and Public Writing Faculty Publications

This article shares lessons from designing EcoTour, a multimedia environmental advocacy project in a state park, and it describes theoretical, practical, and pedagogical connections between locative media and community-engaged design. While maps can help share information about places, people, and change, they also limit how we visualize complex stories. Using deep mapping, and blending augmented reality with digital maps, EcoTour helps people understand big problems like climate change within the context of their local community. This article demonstrates the rhetorical potential of community-engaged design strategies to affect users, prompt action, and create more democratic discourse in environmental communication.

Is It Scientific? Viewer Perceptions Of Storm Surge Visualizations, Peter J. Stempel, Austin Becker

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

Scientists and coastal risk managers use semi-realistic visualizations of storm surge connected to hydrodynamic models to make projected impacts engaging and accessible. Such visualizations do not fit within established frameworks for visualizing risk because they add representational detail and may imply more certainty than exists regarding outcomes. This study explores how audiences regard these visualizations in relation to perceived representational norms for scientific graphics and visualizations. Online survey respondents (735 experts and members of the general public, primarily in Rhode Island and the northeastern United States) were asked about characteristics that make a representation “scientific.” Results demonstrate differences in norms …

Cognitive And Perceptual Barriers To Green Infrastructure: Local Decision-Making In Rhode Island, Kyle E. Gray

Open Access Master's Theses

Green infrastructure uses natural and nature-based systems and practices to infiltrate and treat stormwater runoff at its source, lessening the burden and reliance on “gray” piped stormwater networks. Existing academic and governmental literature reports that local decision-makers face complicated cognitive and perceptual barriers that exacerbate other hindrances to green infrastructure implementation. These barriers are understudied at the local level in general, as well as in Rhode Island (“RI”) municipalities in particular. This study employs a literature review, semi-structured interviews with RI municipal officials, and thematic coding to describe the cognitive and perceptual barriers inhibiting wider green infrastructure implementation. Of the …

A Qualitative Study Of Nimbyism For Waste In Smaller Urban Areas Of A Low-Income Country, Mzuzu, Malawi., Rochelle H. Holm, Brighton A. Chunga, Adrian Mallory, Paul Hutchings, Alison Parker

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

When waste management infrastructure is built, there can be resistance from the local affected populations, often termed the Not in My Backyard (NIMBY) phenomenon. This study aims to understand the forms of resistance that may develop in such contexts, focusing on 2 solid waste and 1 liquid waste management site within Mzuzu City, Malawi. At the newest solid waste site, community resistance had grown to the extent that the site was reportedly destroyed by the local community. Interviews and observations of the sites are complemented by examining historic and recent satellite images. It was found that, at the new solid …

Inequality, Covid-19, And International Human Rights: Whose Lives Matter?, Barbara J. Stark

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Part 1 of the article shows that the poor, everywhere, are more likely to get sick and more likely to die when they do. In many countries, they are also more likely to starve.

Part II explains why this is a matter of human rights. The ongoing deprivation of basic rights to healthcare and an adequate standard of living are major factors. As this Part demonstrates, however, the extreme vulnerability of the poor is grounded in earlier violations of human rights, including state-sanctioned segregation in the American south in the 1950s and what one author has called “the darker side …

Guide To Leading Policies, Practices & Resources: Supporting The Employment Of Veterans & Military Families, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

The goal of this publication is to leverage state-of-the-art research and practice to increase employment opportunities for veterans. The guide details a series of practice and policy issues identified by research and through our work with the employer community, as impacting veteran employment initiatives. Also included throughout this guide are discussions, descriptions, and case studies illustrating leading corporate practices impacting veteran employment.

Is There A Relationship Between Leadership Characteristics And Services Provided Among Ihs Urban Indian Health Programs?, George Grant Tribble

All ETDs from UAB

IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS AND SERVICES PROVIDED AMONG IHS URBAN INDIAN HEALTH PROGRAMS?GEORGE G. TRIBBLE HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT The Native American population has faced and been impacted by a wide range of actions throughout the last few hundred years. The loss of cultural norms and way of life continues to manifest itself through various socioeconomic concerns. At the center of the Native American leadership model is a disciplined and culturally specific guidance structure. The Urban Indian Health Program (UIHP) was created by the Indian Health Service to establish a culturally appropriate health care delivery model for Native …

A Method Of Measuring The Value Of Minor League Sports To A Community: An Illustration Of The Application Of Economic Impact Ananlyses, Dennis H. Tootelian, Audrey G. Mikhailitchenko

Global Sport Business Journal

The American public, as well as those in other countries, has long been fascinated with athletes, sports teams, and sports events. As a result, one of the dilemmas confronting city managers in their efforts to serve their residents is whether to seek to add or retain a professional sports team to their city’s leisure/entertainment mix. In addition to assessing resident interest in spectator sports as a leisure-time activity, one of the more critical questions they must address in their decision-making processes is: How much economic value is there in having a professional sports team in the city? Economic value is …

Hurricanes And Heart Problems: Natural Disaster, Social Capital, And Cardiovascular Mortality, Zachary H. Mccann

All ETDs from UAB

Social capital refers to the social relationships and structures that provide individuals with material, financial, and emotional resources throughout their lives. Previous research has found an association between high levels of social capital and lower rates of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Severe disasters have been linked to higher rates of all-cause and CVD mortality. In post-disaster settings social capital may be a valuable resource for protecting against both forms of mortality. Past research shows that social capital can improve access to resources, such as food, water, and medical supplies, that reduce all-cause and CVD mortality. Using previous research …

Cultivating Experiences Of Latina Teachers In The Deep South Through Latinx Young Adult Literature: Cuentos, Consejos, Y Testimonios, Vanessa E. Vega

All ETDs from UAB

This narrative ethnographic research study focused on the personal and schooling stories and counter-stories of three Latina teachers living and teaching in the Deep South. Using three contemporary young adult literature texts written by Latina authors, this three-month short term narrative ethnographic study sought to explore the lived experiences of three Latina teachers in the Deep South by way of testimonios (Espino, Munoz, and Kiyama, 2010) imbued with muxerista portraiture (Flores, 2017). The theoretical frameworks of LatCrit in education (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Chicana/Latina Feminism guided every aspect of this study, which occurred during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Both …

A History Of New Deal Archaeology In Alabama: Labor And Science In Economic Reform, Caleb Ross Butz

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis is a history of New Deal archaeology within the state of Alabama. It was designed to facilitate research with New Deal-era collections by providing a comprehensive contextual background. This thesis explores the relationship between the Works Progress Administration (WPA) laborers and the archaeological institutions of the period within the context of the Great Depression and the social democratic reforms of the New Deal. Labor, labor-time, and logistical information were gathered from the WPA Quarterly Progress Reports prepared by David L. DeJarnette from 1936 to 1942. An inventory of over 130 archaeological sites was compiled based on field reports …

Pittsburgh's Explosive Mystery: A New Holistic Study Of The Allegheny Arsenal Tragedy, Ethan J. Wagner

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

This research critically examines the issues surrounding the worst civilian disaster of the American Civil War, occurring on September 17, 1862 in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Here, seventy-eight teenage girls perished as the Allegheny Arsenal munitions laboratory exploded. Investigations in the disaster’s aftermath, and more recent analysis, have remained largely hesitant in placing chief blame as to its cause. Furthermore, for an event that would seem so significant, its story has inadequately been told. Given that the national spotlight was elsewhere at the time, as the Battle of Antietam was fought on the same day, existing literature has …

The Effect Of Prompt Accent On Elicited Imitation Assessments In English As A Second Language, Jacob G. Barrows, Troy L. Cox

Faculty Publications

Elicited imitation (EI) assessments have been shown to discriminate well between speakers across proficiency levels, but little has been reported on the effect L2 accent has on test-takers’ ability to understand and process the test items they hear. Furthermore, no study has investigated the effect of accent on test-taker perceptions of EI tests. This study examined the relationships among accent, accent familiarity, EI test item difficulty and test scores. To investigate, self-reports of students’ exposure to different varieties of English were obtained from a pre-assessment survey. An EI test (63 items) was then administered in which English language learners (n …

Oldest Indo-Pacific Lionfish (Pterois Volitans/P. Miles) Recorded From The Northwestern Gulf Of Mexico, Raven D. Blakeway, Alexander Q. Fogg, Glenn A. Jones

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) were first detected off the coast of Florida in the 1980s, with aquaria release being the most likely mechanism for introduction. Since then, lionfish have proliferated through the Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Here, we report the oldest lionfish aged on record in the Western Atlantic, removed from Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) in the GOM. In August 2018, a research expedition removed 745 lionfish from FGBNMS, of which a subset were retained for age and growth estimation. The oldest lionfish was a 10 y old male, …

From Boring To Board Game: The Effect Of A Serious Game On Key Learning Outcomes, Kendal L. Booker, Anita W. Mitchell

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Serious games incorporate learning objectives in the context of competitive games with rules. These types of games have been incorporated in education as well as therapeutic contexts. This study examined the effectiveness of a modification of the game “Snakes and Ladders,” for reviewing and learning qualitative research concepts. Using the Game-based Evaluation Model (GEM), the researchers also measured learning indicators such as interest and enjoyment, perceived competence, effort and importance, and value/usefulness. Thirty-eight Master of Occupational Therapy students completed a 25-question multiple choice pretest to measure knowledge of qualitative research concepts before playing the game. A 25-question multiple choice posttest …

Promoting Corporate Irresponsibility? Delaware As The Intellectual Property Holding State, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

This article is about Delaware corporate irresponsibility. Delaware has stealthily become the center of all things intellectual property. As the leader of onshore tax havens since the early 1980s, Delaware attracts multistate corporations to engage in aggressive tax avoidance schemes. Specifically, Delaware has legislatively and methodically attracted the creation of Intellectual Property Holding Companies (IPHCs), enabling companies to avoid paying their share of taxes to sister states on the income generated from the use of Intellectual Property assets. This article traces the rise of Delaware as the intellectual property state and concludes that the benefits Delaware enjoys promote corporate irresponsibility …

Medical Brain Drain And Its Effect On The Nigerian Healthcare Sector, Oluwakemi Osigbesan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nigeria suffers from a huge brain drain issue across different sectors, particularly in the healthcare sector. The WHO assessed that there is a current shortage of 2.8 million physicians in the world A heuristic phenomenological method was used in this study to explore the lived experiences of 12 Nigerian healthcare practitioners that migrated to the United States. The push-pull theory served as the theoretical framework that grounded this study. The central research questions for this study focused primarily on the reasons healthcare practitioners are leaving Nigeria and what the impact of those decisions have on the Nigerian healthcare sector. Qualitative …

Current Effects Of U.S. Preventive Care Quality Narratives On Preventive Health Services, James Fisher

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the interest of improving patient outcomes, significant investments in operationalized quality of care within the Medicare space have promulgated a low-resolution narrative predicated on conflation of higher quality scores with improved population health. Concomitant financial incentivization of Medicare Advantage plans through aligned Star Measures places contracts as the fundamental unit of most care quality analyses, but no studies have considered how present incentivization schema have impacted physician use and associated quality scores over time for breast cancer screening (BCS), colorectal cancer screening (CCS), and annual flu vaccination (AFV) at a county level. Guided by the Evidence Based Model framework, …

Effects Of Latino Inequity In The Illinois State Government: An Analysis Through The Polarities Of Democracy, Rebecca Sanchez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractHispanics in Illinois make up 17.5 % of the population yet are disproportionately represented in state government, composing only 6.5 % of the workforce. Unequal representation deprives ethnic and underserved groups of participating in program and policy decisions that provide communities opportunities. Hispanic leaders have expressed their concerns and dissatisfaction to state legislators and actively requested equity in the state’s workforce. However, there were no studies that examined the perceptions of Hispanic community leaders in Illinois regarding solutions to address this disparity. To address this gap, a qualitative study using Benet’s polarities of democracy as the theoretical framework was conducted. …

Effect Of Political Party Affiliation On Refugee Admissions To The United States, Alison E. Bell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The president determines the number of refugees to be admitted to the United States each year after consultation with Congress, but there is a gap in literature related to whether party affiliation affects refugee admissions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the political party affiliation of the president on refugee admissions and any moderating effect of Congressional majority affiliations. The eight research questions centered on the effect of the president’s party on the refugee ceiling and admissions, regional allocations and admissions, and the extent to which Congressional majority parties moderate these effects. Total global and …

Understanding Postamnesty Youth Violence In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria, Joel Dimiyen Bisina

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The experience of youth with violence in the Niger Delta (ND) of Nigeria and the negative consequences to the nation are well-documented in the literature. Youth violence poses a significant threat to national security, economic survival, and Nigeria’s unity and regional peace stabilization. Literature on youths’ experiences with postamnesty violence in the ND is scant. Postamnesty represents the period immediately after the disarmament and demobilization of combatant youth following the proclamation of the presidential amnesty program in Nigeria’s ND. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to bring an understanding to postamnesty youth violence (PAYV) through the lived experiences …

Made To Explode By Sandra Beasley, Danelle Lejeune

Wraparound South (Archived)

No abstract provided.

Apopka, Anastasia Jill

Wraparound South (Archived)

No abstract provided.