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2021

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Compact In-Rack Dielectric Immersion Cooling System, Salvador Landeros Jr, Joshua M. Hannaman, Marshall D. Reid Dec 2021

Compact In-Rack Dielectric Immersion Cooling System, Salvador Landeros Jr, Joshua M. Hannaman, Marshall D. Reid

Mechanical Engineering

The Compact Dielectric Cooling team consisting of Josh Hannaman, Marshall Reid, and Salvador Landeros worked with Aria Technologies to create a thermal management system for data centers that can easily implement liquid cooling into current infrastructure for high density computing servers. The project was to design, build, and test a compact immersion cooling system for a senior project at California Polytechnic State University – San Luis Obispo. Immersion cooling is a liquid-cooling process that involves the immersion of electrical IT equipment and the removal of heat from the hot IT components using dielectric liquid. The goal was to build a …

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Optimized Tip Cooling Using Am Process, Alberto H. Gamez, Lourdes Sarmiento Martinez, Andrew Van Bogelen Dec 2021

Optimized Tip Cooling Using Am Process, Alberto H. Gamez, Lourdes Sarmiento Martinez, Andrew Van Bogelen

Mechanical Engineering

This Final Design Review (FDR) reports on the senior design project undertaken by our team of mechanical engineering seniors at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. This project seeks to use the additive manufacturing process to improve the existing design of a Taurus 60 gas turbine injector tip. The current injector tip is owned by Solar Turbines, a designer and manufacturer of gas turbines for electric generation, propulsion, as well as natural resource transportation. The challenge at hand is to design a new injector tip that will be reliable for at least 60,000 hours and provide ease of replacement, …

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Mug For Veterans With Tremors, Eliot Daniel Briefer, Nicholas Michael Greco, Lucas Paul Martos-Repath, Tiernan Lif Kehoe Dec 2021

Mug For Veterans With Tremors, Eliot Daniel Briefer, Nicholas Michael Greco, Lucas Paul Martos-Repath, Tiernan Lif Kehoe

Mechanical Engineering

This Final Design Review Report outlines the senior design project completed by a team of mechanical engineering students attending California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo for the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Richmond, VA. The scope of the project was to design, build, and test a device for veterans with tremors that would allow them to enjoy their favorite drinks comfortably and easily, without worrying about spills. The final product must be lightweight, aesthetic, capable of handling various tremor types, and can be operated in multiple planes to allow the veterans full control over the device. This document …

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Suppression Of Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis By The Cop9 Signalosome In Mice, Megan T. Lewno Dec 2021

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying The Suppression Of Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis By The Cop9 Signalosome In Mice, Megan T. Lewno

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Within a large subset of heart failure, cardiac ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) inadequacy is causative. A vital UPS regulator is the COP9 signalosome (CSN). The CSN holocomplex is formed by 8 unique protein subunits (COPS1~COPS8) and regulates Cullin-RING ligases via Cullin deneddylation. Cardiomyocyte-restricted knockout (cko) of Cops8 causes massive cardiomyocyte necroptosis via the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and shortened lifespan in mice. CSN’s deneddylase resides in COPS5 and Cops5-cko has not been explored. It is important to investigate how the necroptotic pathway within cardiomyocytes is activated in Cops8-cko mice as cardiomyocyte necroptosis has been shown to play …

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The Application Of Deep Learning Algorithms To Pediatric Vascular Anomalies Using A Limited Dataset, Briana I. Robertson Dec 2021

The Application Of Deep Learning Algorithms To Pediatric Vascular Anomalies Using A Limited Dataset, Briana I. Robertson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Culture And Economics: A Literature Review, Faith Howard Dec 2021

Culture And Economics: A Literature Review, Faith Howard

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Republicans Are More Optimistic About Economic Mobility, But No Less Accurate, Matt Grossmann, Kayla Hamann, Jennifer Lee, Gabrielle Levy, Brendan Nyhan, Victor Wu Dec 2021

Republicans Are More Optimistic About Economic Mobility, But No Less Accurate, Matt Grossmann, Kayla Hamann, Jennifer Lee, Gabrielle Levy, Brendan Nyhan, Victor Wu

Dartmouth Scholarship

Do Americans overestimate economic mobility? Using representative surveys of the public and local government officials, we assess claims of widespread misperceptions about economic mobility by measuring the accuracy of participants’ perceptions of both relative and absolute mobility. Republican members of the public and government officials are more optimistic than are Democrats about poor children’s chances of reaching the highest income quintile (relative mobility) and earning more than their parents (absolute mobility). Democrats also rate race and family wealth as more important to children’s chances than do Republicans. However, partisan tendencies to overestimate or underestimate mobility are roughly symmetric despite differences …

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Mb4t (Mathematics By And For Teachers): Order Of Operations, Jennifer Holm Dec 2021

Mb4t (Mathematics By And For Teachers): Order Of Operations, Jennifer Holm

Education Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Adding Bite To The Zone Of Twilight: Applying Kisor To Revitalize The Youngstown Tripartite, Zachary W. Singer Dec 2021

Adding Bite To The Zone Of Twilight: Applying Kisor To Revitalize The Youngstown Tripartite, Zachary W. Singer

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

In the half century and more since Justice Jackson’s famous concurrence in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, the fog surrounding acceptable executive power in national security and foreign affairs has only thickened. Today, whether presidents are responding to the challenges of an amorphous global war on terrorism or a global pandemic, they act against a backdrop of ambiguous constitutional and statutory authorization and shifting precedent. While Justice Jackson outlined zones of presidential power by tying that power to congressional acts, the Court subsequently watered down the test by looking to other factors, like legislative intent. At other …

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Non-Local Corrections To The Typical Medium Theory Of Anderson Localization, H. Terletska, A. Moilanen, K. M. Tam, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, M. Eisenbach, N. S. Vidhyadhiraja, L. Chioncel, J. Moreno Dec 2021

Non-Local Corrections To The Typical Medium Theory Of Anderson Localization, H. Terletska, A. Moilanen, K. M. Tam, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, M. Eisenbach, N. S. Vidhyadhiraja, L. Chioncel, J. Moreno

Faculty Publications

We use the recently developed finite cluster typical medium approach to study the Anderson localization transition in three dimensions. Applying our method to the box and binary alloy disorder distributions, we find a fast convergence with the cluster size. We demonstrate the importance of the typical medium environment and the non-local spatial correlations for the proper characterization of the localization transition. As the cluster size increases, our typical medium cluster method recovers the correct critical disorder strength for the transition. Our findings highlight the importance of the non-local cluster corrections for capturing the localization behavior of the mobility edge trajectories. …

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Current State Of The Imaging Physics Workforce And Financial Model, David W. Jordan, Wayne D. Newhauser, Michael D. Mills Dec 2021

Current State Of The Imaging Physics Workforce And Financial Model, David W. Jordan, Wayne D. Newhauser, Michael D. Mills

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Multi-Scale Feedback And Feeding In The Closest Radio Galaxy Centaurus A, B. Mckinley, S. J. Tingay, M. Gaspari, R. P. Kraft, C. Matherne, A. R. Offringa, M. Mcdonald, M. S. Calzadilla, S Veilleux, S. S. Shabala, S. D. J. Gwyn, J. Bland-Hawthorn, D. Crnojevic, B. M. Gaensler, M. Johnston-Hollitt Dec 2021

Multi-Scale Feedback And Feeding In The Closest Radio Galaxy Centaurus A, B. Mckinley, S. J. Tingay, M. Gaspari, R. P. Kraft, C. Matherne, A. R. Offringa, M. Mcdonald, M. S. Calzadilla, S Veilleux, S. S. Shabala, S. D. J. Gwyn, J. Bland-Hawthorn, D. Crnojevic, B. M. Gaensler, M. Johnston-Hollitt

Faculty Publications

Supermassive black holes and supernova explosions at the centres of active galaxies power cycles of outflowing and inflowing gas that affect galactic evolution and the overall structure of the Universe(1,2). While simulations and observations show that this must be the case, the range of physical scales (over ten orders of magnitude) and paucity of available tracers make both the simulation and observation of these effects difficult(3,4). By serendipity, there lies an active galaxy, Centaurus A (NGC 5128)(5,6), at such a close proximity as to allow its observation over this entire range of scales and across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. In …

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The Dynamics Of Introgression Across An Avian Radiation, S Singhal, G E. Derryberry, G A. Bravo, E P. Derryberry, S Singhal, M G. Harvey Dec 2021

The Dynamics Of Introgression Across An Avian Radiation, S Singhal, G E. Derryberry, G A. Bravo, E P. Derryberry, S Singhal, M G. Harvey

Faculty Publications

Hybridization and resulting introgression can play both a destructive and a creative role in the evolution of diversity. Thus, characterizing when and where introgression is most likely to occur can help us understand the causes of diversification dynamics. Here, we examine the prevalence of and variation in introgression using phylogenomic data from a large (1300+ species), geographically widespread avian group, the suboscine birds. We first examine patterns of gene tree discordance across the geographic distribution of the entire clade. We then evaluate the signal of introgression in a subset of 206 species triads using Patterson's D-statistic and test for associations …

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Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (Dune) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero Dec 2021

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (Dune) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report, A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, N. Anfimov, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero

Faculty Publications

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. …

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Rare Regions And Avoided Quantum Criticality In Disordered Weyl Semimetals And Superconductors, J. H. Pixley, Justin H. Wilson Dec 2021

Rare Regions And Avoided Quantum Criticality In Disordered Weyl Semimetals And Superconductors, J. H. Pixley, Justin H. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Disorder in Weyl semimetals and superconductors is surprisingly subtle, attracting attention and competing theories in recent years. In this brief review, we discuss the current theoretical understanding of the effects of short-ranged, quenched disorder on the low energy-properties of three-dimensional, topological Weyl semimetals and superconductors. We focus on the role of non-perturbative rare region effects on destabilizing the semimetal phase and rounding the expected semimetal-to-diffusive metal transition into a cross over. Furthermore, the consequences of disorder on the resulting nature of excitations, transport, and topology are reviewed. New results on a bipartite random hopping model are presented that confirm previous …

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Management Of Stemborers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Using Foliar-Applied Chlorantraniliprole In Rice, James M. Villegas, Blake E. Wilson, Michael O. Way Dec 2021

Management Of Stemborers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Using Foliar-Applied Chlorantraniliprole In Rice, James M. Villegas, Blake E. Wilson, Michael O. Way

Faculty Publications

Rice is one of the most important crops in Louisiana and Texas, USA. It is subjected to various insect pests throughout the growing season. Lepidopteran stem-boring pests including the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), are increasing in economic importance as insect pests in rice production, particularly in southwest Louisiana, USA. Field trials were conducted in Louisiana and Texas to examine the efficacy of foliar-applied insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and the pyrethroids ζ-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) and chlorantraniliprole seed treatment for control of rice stemborers during 2018 and 2019. Furthermore, a diet incorporation assay assessed the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to laboratory-reared …

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Whole Genome Comparisons Reveal Panmixia Among Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) From Diverse Locations, Katrina A. Schlum, Kurt Lamour, Caroline Placidi De Bortoli, Rahul Banerjee, Robert Meagher, Eliseu Pereira, Maria Gabriela Murua, Gregory A. Sword, Ashley E. Tessnow, Diego Viteri Dillon, Angela M. Linares Ramirez, Komivi S. Akutse, Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris, Fangneng Huang, Dominic Reisig, Scott J. Emrich, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Dec 2021

Whole Genome Comparisons Reveal Panmixia Among Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) From Diverse Locations, Katrina A. Schlum, Kurt Lamour, Caroline Placidi De Bortoli, Rahul Banerjee, Robert Meagher, Eliseu Pereira, Maria Gabriela Murua, Gregory A. Sword, Ashley E. Tessnow, Diego Viteri Dillon, Angela M. Linares Ramirez, Komivi S. Akutse, Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris, Fangneng Huang, Dominic Reisig, Scott J. Emrich, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes

Faculty Publications

Background: The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest with long-distance migratory behavior threatening food security worldwide. This pest has a host range of > 80 plant species, but two host strains are recognized based on their association with corn (C-strain) or rice and smaller grasses (R-strain). The population genomics of the United States (USA) fall armyworm remains poorly characterized to date despite its agricultural threat. Results: In this study, the population structure and genetic diversity in 55 S. frugiperda samples from Argentina, Brazil, Kenya, Puerto Rico and USA were surveyed to further our understanding of …

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Spatial Cluster Detection With Threshold Quantile Regression, Junho Lee, Ying Sun, Huixia Judy Wang Dec 2021

Spatial Cluster Detection With Threshold Quantile Regression, Junho Lee, Ying Sun, Huixia Judy Wang

Faculty Publications

Spatial cluster detection, which is the identification of spatial units adjacent in space associated with distinctive patterns of data of interest relative to background variation, is useful for discerning spatial heterogeneity in regression coefficients. Some real studies with regression-based models on air quality data show that there exists not only spatial heterogeneity but also heteroscedasticity between air pollution and its predictors. Since the low air quality is a well-known risk factor for mortality, various cardiopulmonary diseases, and preterm birth, the analysis at the tail would be of more interest than the center of air pollution distribution. In this article, we …

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Correction To: Deep Mantle Melting, Global Water Circulation And Its Implications For The Stability Of The Ocean Mass (Progress In Earth And Planetary Science, (2020), 7, 1, (76), 10.1186/S40645-020-00379-3), Shun Ichiro Karato, Bijaya Karki, Jeffrey Park Dec 2021

Correction To: Deep Mantle Melting, Global Water Circulation And Its Implications For The Stability Of The Ocean Mass (Progress In Earth And Planetary Science, (2020), 7, 1, (76), 10.1186/S40645-020-00379-3), Shun Ichiro Karato, Bijaya Karki, Jeffrey Park

Faculty Publications

Following publication of the original article (Karato et al., 2020), the author identified there is a minor typo in Fig. 13 and graphical abstract image. The correct Fig. 13 and graphic abstract image are provided below. The original paper has been updated.

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Diving Beneath The Sea Of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities Of The Young Au Mic Planetary System, Bryson Cale, Michael Reefe, Peter Plavchan, Angelle Tanner, Eric Gaidos, Jonathan Gagne, Peter Gao, Stephen R. Kane, Victor J. S. Bejar, Nicolas Lodieu, Guillem Anglada-Escude, Ignasi Ribas, Enric Palle, Andreas Quirrenbach, Pedro Amado, Ansgar Reiners, Jose A. Caballero, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Stefan Dreizler, Andrew W. Howard, Benjamin J. Fulton, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Kevin I. Collins, Mohammed El Mufti, Justin Wittrock, Emily A. Gilbert, Thomas Barclay, Baptiste Klein, Eder Martioli, Robert Wittenmyer, Duncan Wright, Brett Addison, Teruyuki Hirano, Motohide Tamura, Takayuki Kotani, Norio Narita, David Vermilion, Rena A. Lee, Claire Geneser, Johanna Teske, Samuel N. Quinn, David W. Latham, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Michael L. Calkins, Perry Berlind, Farzaneh Zohrabi, Caitlin Stibbards, Srihan Kotnana, Jon Jenkins, Joseph D. Twicken, Christopher Henze, Richard Kidwell, Jr., Christopher Burke, Joel Villasenor, Patricia Boyd Dec 2021

Diving Beneath The Sea Of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities Of The Young Au Mic Planetary System, Bryson Cale, Michael Reefe, Peter Plavchan, Angelle Tanner, Eric Gaidos, Jonathan Gagne, Peter Gao, Stephen R. Kane, Victor J. S. Bejar, Nicolas Lodieu, Guillem Anglada-Escude, Ignasi Ribas, Enric Palle, Andreas Quirrenbach, Pedro Amado, Ansgar Reiners, Jose A. Caballero, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Stefan Dreizler, Andrew W. Howard, Benjamin J. Fulton, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Kevin I. Collins, Mohammed El Mufti, Justin Wittrock, Emily A. Gilbert, Thomas Barclay, Baptiste Klein, Eder Martioli, Robert Wittenmyer, Duncan Wright, Brett Addison, Teruyuki Hirano, Motohide Tamura, Takayuki Kotani, Norio Narita, David Vermilion, Rena A. Lee, Claire Geneser, Johanna Teske, Samuel N. Quinn, David W. Latham, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Michael L. Calkins, Perry Berlind, Farzaneh Zohrabi, Caitlin Stibbards, Srihan Kotnana, Jon Jenkins, Joseph D. Twicken, Christopher Henze, Richard Kidwell, Jr., Christopher Burke, Joel Villasenor, Patricia Boyd

Faculty Publications

We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early-M dwarf known to host two transiting planets-P-b similar to 8.46 days, R-b = 4.381(-0.18)(+0.18) R-circle plus, P-c similar to 18.86 days, R-c = 3.5(-0.16)(+0.16) R-circle plus. With visible RVs from Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES)-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, MINERVA-Australis, and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a 5 sigma upper limit to the mass of AU …

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A Multi-Study Examination Of The Role Of Repeated Spaced Retrieval In The Word Learning Of Children With Developmental Language Disorder, Laurence B. Leonard, Sharon L. Christ, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Christine Weber, Eileen Haebig, Justin B. Kueser, Sofía Souto, Windi Krok Dec 2021

A Multi-Study Examination Of The Role Of Repeated Spaced Retrieval In The Word Learning Of Children With Developmental Language Disorder, Laurence B. Leonard, Sharon L. Christ, Patricia Deevy, Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Christine Weber, Eileen Haebig, Justin B. Kueser, Sofía Souto, Windi Krok

Faculty Publications

Background: Many children with developmental language disorders (DLD) have well-documented weaknesses in vocabulary. In recent years, investigators have explored the nature of these weaknesses through the use of novel word learning paradigms. These studies have begun to uncover specific areas of difficulty and have provided hints about possible intervention strategies that might help these children learn words more accurately and efficiently. Among the studies of this type are those that incorporate repeated spaced retrieval activities in the learning procedures. Methods: In this study, we examined the data from four of these studies that employed the same types of participants (4- …

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Author Correction: Twelve-Month Specific Igg Response To Sars-Cov-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Among Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors In Wuhan (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (4144), 10.1038/S41467-021-24230-5), Cesheng Li, Ding Yu, Xiao Wu, Hong Liang, Zhijun Zhou, Yong Xie, Taojing Li, Junzheng Wu, Fengping Lu, Lu Feng, Min Mao, Lianzhen Lin, Huanhuan Guo, Shenglan Yue, Feifei Wang, Yan Peng, Yong Hu, Zejun Wang, Jianhong Yu, Yong Zhang, Jia Lu, Haoran Ning, Huichuan Yang, Daoxing Fu, Yanlin He, Dongbo Zhou, Tao Du, Kai Duan, Demei Dong, Kun Deng, Xia Zou, Ya Zhang, Rong Zhou, Yang Gao Dec 2021

Author Correction: Twelve-Month Specific Igg Response To Sars-Cov-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Among Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors In Wuhan (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (4144), 10.1038/S41467-021-24230-5), Cesheng Li, Ding Yu, Xiao Wu, Hong Liang, Zhijun Zhou, Yong Xie, Taojing Li, Junzheng Wu, Fengping Lu, Lu Feng, Min Mao, Lianzhen Lin, Huanhuan Guo, Shenglan Yue, Feifei Wang, Yan Peng, Yong Hu, Zejun Wang, Jianhong Yu, Yong Zhang, Jia Lu, Haoran Ning, Huichuan Yang, Daoxing Fu, Yanlin He, Dongbo Zhou, Tao Du, Kai Duan, Demei Dong, Kun Deng, Xia Zou, Ya Zhang, Rong Zhou, Yang Gao

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The original version of this Article contained an error in the abstract, which incorrectly read ‘The level of RBD-IgG decreases with time, with the titer stabilizing at 64.3% of the initial level by 9 month’. The correct version replaces this sentence with ‘The level of RBD-IgG decreases with time, with the titer stabilizing at 35.7% of the initial level by the 9th month’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

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Deciphering An Agrp-Serotoninergic Neural Circuit In Distinct Control Of Energy Metabolism From Feeding, Yong Han, Guobin Xia, Dollada Srisai, Fantao Meng, Yanlin He, Yali Ran, Yang He, Monica Farias, Giang Hoang, István Tóth, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Miao Hsueh Chen, Yong Xu, Qi Wu Dec 2021

Deciphering An Agrp-Serotoninergic Neural Circuit In Distinct Control Of Energy Metabolism From Feeding, Yong Han, Guobin Xia, Dollada Srisai, Fantao Meng, Yanlin He, Yali Ran, Yang He, Monica Farias, Giang Hoang, István Tóth, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Miao Hsueh Chen, Yong Xu, Qi Wu

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Contrasting to the established role of the hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in feeding regulation, the neural circuit and signaling mechanisms by which they control energy expenditure remains unclear. Here, we report that energy expenditure is regulated by a subgroup of AgRP neurons that send non-collateral projections to neurons within the dorsal lateral part of dorsal raphe nucleus (dlDRN) expressing the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which in turn innervate nearby serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. Genetic manipulations reveal a bi-directional control of energy expenditure by this circuit without affecting food intake. Fiber photometry and electrophysiological results indicate that the thermo-sensing MC4RdlDRN neurons …

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A Randomized Clinical Trial On The Effects Of Exercise On Muscle Remodelling Following Bariatric Surgery, Saulo Gil, John P. Kirwan, Igor H. Murai, Wagner S. Dantas, Carlos Alberto Abujabra Merege-Filho, Sujoy Ghosh, Samuel K. Shinjo, Rosa M.R. Pereira, Walcy R. Teodoro, Sheylla M. Felau, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Fernanda Lima, Roberto De Cleva, Marco Aurélio Santo, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel Dec 2021

A Randomized Clinical Trial On The Effects Of Exercise On Muscle Remodelling Following Bariatric Surgery, Saulo Gil, John P. Kirwan, Igor H. Murai, Wagner S. Dantas, Carlos Alberto Abujabra Merege-Filho, Sujoy Ghosh, Samuel K. Shinjo, Rosa M.R. Pereira, Walcy R. Teodoro, Sheylla M. Felau, Fabiana B. Benatti, Ana L. De Sá-Pinto, Fernanda Lima, Roberto De Cleva, Marco Aurélio Santo, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Muscle atrophy and strength loss are common adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the effects of exercise training on bariatric surgery-induced loss of muscle mass and function. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the intervention on molecular and histological mediators of muscle remodelling. Methods: Eighty women with obesity were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 40, age = 42 ± 8 years) or RYGB plus exercise training group (RYGB + ET: n = 40, age = 38 ± 7 years). Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 (POST3) …

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Impact Of Acute Exercise On Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Nutrient Sensing And Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity In Healthy Young Adults, Bailey Theall, James Stampley, Eunhan Cho, Joshua Granger, Neil M. Johannsen, Brian A. Irving, Guillaume Spielmann Dec 2021

Impact Of Acute Exercise On Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Nutrient Sensing And Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity In Healthy Young Adults, Bailey Theall, James Stampley, Eunhan Cho, Joshua Granger, Neil M. Johannsen, Brian A. Irving, Guillaume Spielmann

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Regular exercise is associated with changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proportions that have enhanced effector functions in young and old adults; however, the effects of acute exercise on PBMC nutrient sensors and metabolic function in active young adults is unknown. To fill this gap, activation status and nutrient-sensing mechanisms of PBMCs isolated from 21 healthy active adults (20–35 yr; 36.5 ± 6.3 V̇O2peak) were characterized before and after 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous cycling (65%–75% V̇O2peak). In addition, changes in PBMC mitochondrial respiratory function in response to exercise were assessed using high-resolution respirometry. There was an increase in the …

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Ncaa Division I American Football Players With Sickle Cell Trait Have Altered Hematological Responses And Hydration Status, Haoyan Wang, Matt Martone, Michael E. Owens, Nathan P. Lemoine, Jack Marucci, Derek Calvert, Shelly Mullenix, Timothy S. Church, Jennifer Rood, Brian Harrell, Brian A. Irving, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil M. Johannsen Dec 2021

Ncaa Division I American Football Players With Sickle Cell Trait Have Altered Hematological Responses And Hydration Status, Haoyan Wang, Matt Martone, Michael E. Owens, Nathan P. Lemoine, Jack Marucci, Derek Calvert, Shelly Mullenix, Timothy S. Church, Jennifer Rood, Brian Harrell, Brian A. Irving, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil M. Johannsen

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a risk factor of collapse and sudden death in athletes. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine the hematological responses and hydration status in NCAA Division I American football players with SCT. The study took place over 2 years with 6 SCT and 6 position-matched controls (CON) in year 1; and 4 SCT and 4 CON in year 2. In year 2, three of the four SCT players were recruited and re-enrolled with new position-matched controls (total sample data = 10 SCT and 10 CON). Blood samples were taken at three visits: pre-camp, post-camp, and …

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The Acute Transcriptional Responses To Dietary Methionine Restriction Are Triggered By Inhibition Of Ternary Complex Formation And Linked To Erk1/2, Mtor, And Atf4, Kirsten P. Stone, Sujoy Ghosh, Jean Paul Kovalik, Manda Orgeron, Desiree Wanders, Landon C. Sims, Thomas W. Gettys Dec 2021

The Acute Transcriptional Responses To Dietary Methionine Restriction Are Triggered By Inhibition Of Ternary Complex Formation And Linked To Erk1/2, Mtor, And Atf4, Kirsten P. Stone, Sujoy Ghosh, Jean Paul Kovalik, Manda Orgeron, Desiree Wanders, Landon C. Sims, Thomas W. Gettys

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

The initial sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver where it activates an integrated stress response (ISR) that quickly reduces methionine utilization. The ISR program is regulated in part by ATF4, but ATF4’s prototypical upstream regulator, eIF2α, is not acutely activated by MR. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq and metabolomics data from liver samples harvested 3 h and 6 h after initiating MR shows that general translation is inhibited at the level of ternary complex formation by an acute 50% reduction of hepatic methionine that limits formation of initiator methionine tRNA. The resulting ISR is induced by selective …

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Nt-Pgc-1Α Deficiency Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity By Modulating Food Intake, Fecal Fat Excretion And Intestinal Fat Absorption, Jihyun Kim, Jiyoung Moon, Chul Hong Park, Jisu Lee, Helia Cheng, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Ji Suk Chang Dec 2021

Nt-Pgc-1Α Deficiency Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity By Modulating Food Intake, Fecal Fat Excretion And Intestinal Fat Absorption, Jihyun Kim, Jiyoung Moon, Chul Hong Park, Jisu Lee, Helia Cheng, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Ji Suk Chang

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and its splice variant NT-PGC-1α regulate metabolic adaptation by modulating many gene programs. Selective ablation of PGC-1α attenuates diet-induced obesity through enhancing fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis by upregulation of NT-PGC-1α in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, we have shown that selective ablation of NT-PGC-1α reduces fatty acid oxidation in BAT. Thus, the objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that NT-PGC-1α−/− mice would be more prone to diet-induced obesity. Male and female NT-PGC-1α+/+ (WT) and NT-PGC-1α−/− mice were fed a regular chow or 60% high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Contrary to our expectations, …

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Association Between Particulate Matter Containing Epfrs And Neutrophilic Asthma Through Ahr And Th17, Jeffrey N. Harding, Maureen Gross, Vivek Patel, Steven Potter, Stephania A. Cormier Dec 2021

Association Between Particulate Matter Containing Epfrs And Neutrophilic Asthma Through Ahr And Th17, Jeffrey N. Harding, Maureen Gross, Vivek Patel, Steven Potter, Stephania A. Cormier

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: Epidemiological data associate high levels of combustion-derived particulate matter (PM) with deleterious respiratory outcomes, but the mechanism underlying those outcomes remains elusive. It has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization that PM exposure contributes to more than 4.2 million all-cause mortalities worldwide each year. Current literature demonstrates that PM exacerbates respiratory diseases, impairs lung function, results in chronic respiratory illnesses, and is associated with increased mortality. The proposed mechanisms revolve around oxidative stress and inflammation promoting pulmonary physiological remodeling. However, our previous data found that PM is capable of inducing T helper cell 17 (Th17) immune responses via …

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Author Correction: Spread Of Pathological Tau Proteins Through Communicating Neurons In Human Alzheimer’S Disease (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (2612), 10.1038/S41467-020-15701-2), Jacob W. Vogel, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Olof T. Strandberg, Ruben Smith, Elizabeth Levitis, Alan C. Evans, Oskar Hansson, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles Decarli Dec 2021

Author Correction: Spread Of Pathological Tau Proteins Through Communicating Neurons In Human Alzheimer’S Disease (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (2612), 10.1038/S41467-020-15701-2), Jacob W. Vogel, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Olof T. Strandberg, Ruben Smith, Elizabeth Levitis, Alan C. Evans, Oskar Hansson, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles Decarli

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The original version of the Supplementary information associated with this Article inadvertently omitted Supplementary Table S1. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary information.

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