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2021

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Attractiveness Of A Religious Theme Site: The A-Ma Cultural Village In Macau, China, Kwok Shing Chan Jan 2021

Attractiveness Of A Religious Theme Site: The A-Ma Cultural Village In Macau, China, Kwok Shing Chan

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Specific attributes of a destination and visitors’ perceived value are two major and complementary components of tourism destination attractiveness. Based on 329 questionnaires, this study evaluates the level of attractiveness and specificity of A-Ma Cultural Village in Macau, China in the context of the emerging significance of Mazu-related heritage and religious tourism in Asia. Also, the similarities and differences between visitors from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan, regarding visit motives, satisfaction, needs and preferences are examined. The statistical tools of analysis used in this study include descriptive statistics, ANOVA and chi-square test. The survey found that the A-Ma Cultural Village’s …


Integrating Forage Into Traditional Farming System In The Western Loess Plateau, China--Challenges, Constraints And The Future, Yuying Shen, Murray Unkovich, Zhibiao Nan Jan 2021

Integrating Forage Into Traditional Farming System In The Western Loess Plateau, China--Challenges, Constraints And The Future, Yuying Shen, Murray Unkovich, Zhibiao Nan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Issue 363: January 14-28, 2021, The Local Voice Jan 2021

Issue 363: January 14-28, 2021, The Local Voice

The Local Voice

No abstract provided.


2021.01.14 - Academic/Student Affairs, Enrollment, And Technology Committee Meeting Minutes, Northeastern Illinois University Board Of Trustees Jan 2021

2021.01.14 - Academic/Student Affairs, Enrollment, And Technology Committee Meeting Minutes, Northeastern Illinois University Board Of Trustees

Board of Trustees - 2021

Meeting materials for the NEIU Academic/Student Affairs, Enrollment, and Technology Committee


2021-January-13-Nature Dire Wolves, University Marketing And Communication, East Tennessee State University Jan 2021

2021-January-13-Nature Dire Wolves, University Marketing And Communication, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

JOHNSON CITY (Jan. 13, 2021) – Dire wolves were some of the largest and most significant predators of Ice Age North America between 250,000 and 13,000 years ago, but not much is known about the details of their evolution and extinction. It has long been thought that dire wolves were close relatives of the gray wolves that still live in North America today, but a surprising new study published in the journal Nature has found that is not the case at all.


This study, “Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage,” presents the collaborative work …


Get To Know: Brianne Staton, Georgia Southern University Jan 2021

Get To Know: Brianne Staton, Georgia Southern University

Athletics: News & Publications

  • Get to Know: Brianne Staton


Diaries Of Archaeological Expeditions To Alaska With The Smithsonian's Aleš HrdličKa In 1936, 1937, And 1938, Douglas W. Veltre, Alan G. May Jan 2021

Diaries Of Archaeological Expeditions To Alaska With The Smithsonian's Aleš HrdličKa In 1936, 1937, And 1938, Douglas W. Veltre, Alan G. May

Other Publications

For three summers in the late 1930s, Dr. Aleš Hrdlička, the preeminent physical anthropologist in the United States in the first half of the 20th century, led expeditions to southwestern Alaska to investigate the earliest peopling of that region. Curator of Physical Anthropology at the U.S. National Museum at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the acknowledged “founding father” of physical anthropology in the United States sailed north with small crews of young men—whom he called his “boys”—in the summers of 1936, 1937, and 1938 to probe ancient villages, camps, and burial places on Kodiak Island and throughout the Aleutian …


Rsif Weekly Vol.2 No.1 - Happy New Year!, Regional Scholarship And Innovation Fund (Rsif) Jan 2021

Rsif Weekly Vol.2 No.1 - Happy New Year!, Regional Scholarship And Innovation Fund (Rsif)

Rsif Newsletters

No abstract provided.


Prenatal And Postnatal Nutrition Influence Pancreatic And Intestinal Carbohydrase Activities Of Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, Kendall C. Swanson Jan 2021

Prenatal And Postnatal Nutrition Influence Pancreatic And Intestinal Carbohydrase Activities Of Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, Kendall C. Swanson

Animal and Food Sciences Graduate Research

In ruminant livestock species, nutrition can play an important role in the long-term programming of gastrointestinal function. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzymes are important for postruminal digestion of carbohydrates and protein. Carbohydrases have been shown to respond to changes in the level of feed intake and the dietary inclusion of specific nutrients, including arginine, butyrate, folic acid, fructose, and leucine. Understanding how diet influences enzyme development and activity during prenatal and postnatal life could lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize offspring growth and development to increase digestive efficiency of ruminant livestock species. More research is needed …


In Order To Escort Her, Kimberly Baglieri Jan 2021

In Order To Escort Her, Kimberly Baglieri

Theses and Dissertations

In Order To Escort Her is a thirty-five minute hybrid-documentary in which Lila, my great-aunt, converses with her niece, my mother, about various supernatural creature encounters and spirit visitations from relatives. This is interspersed with a “visitation” from another close relative, communicating from a different time and space dimension. By weaving together supernatural stories and matter-of-fact accounts of resilience and survival, a magical world is created where boundaries between the material and the invisible realms blur. The main thematic concerns of this film are love, care, presence in joy amidst terror, and the journey of the soul.


Soil Health Management Enhances Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Capacity And Activity, Jianlin Hu, Virginia L. Jin, Julie Y.M. Konkel, Sean M. Schaeffer, Liesel G. Schneider, Jennifer M. Debruyn Jan 2021

Soil Health Management Enhances Microbial Nitrogen Cycling Capacity And Activity, Jianlin Hu, Virginia L. Jin, Julie Y.M. Konkel, Sean M. Schaeffer, Liesel G. Schneider, Jennifer M. Debruyn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Soil microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) can be affected by soil health management practices. Here, we report in situ seasonal dynamics of the population size (gene copy abundances) and functional activity (transcript copy abundances) of five bacterial genes involved in soil N cycling (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [AOB] amoA, nifH, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) in a long-term continuous cotton production system under different management practices (cover crops, tillage, and inorganic N fertilization). Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a leguminous cover crop, most effectively promoted the expression of N cycle genes, which persisted after cover crop termination throughout the growing season. Moreover, we …


The Effects Of Emotional Working Memory Training On Trait Anxiety, Gabrielle C. Veloso, Welison Evenston G. Ty Jan 2021

The Effects Of Emotional Working Memory Training On Trait Anxiety, Gabrielle C. Veloso, Welison Evenston G. Ty

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

Background: Trait anxiety is a pervasive tendency to attend to and experience fears and worries to a disproportionate degree, across various situations. Decreased vulnerability to trait anxiety has been linked to having higher working memory capacity and better emotion regulation; however, the relationship between these factors has not been well-established.

Objective: This study sought to determine if participants who undergo emotional working memory training will have significantly lower trait anxiety post-training. The study also sought to determine if emotion regulation mediated the relationship between working memory training and trait anxiety.

Method: An experimental group comprising of 49 participants underwent 20 …


Influence Of Carcass Chilling System On Chuck, Loin, And Round Temperature Decline, Carcass Characteristics, And Tenderness, Lydia M. Hite, Christina E. Bakker, Trevor C. Dehaan, Amanda D. Blair, Keith R. Underwood, Judson K. Grubbs Jan 2021

Influence Of Carcass Chilling System On Chuck, Loin, And Round Temperature Decline, Carcass Characteristics, And Tenderness, Lydia M. Hite, Christina E. Bakker, Trevor C. Dehaan, Amanda D. Blair, Keith R. Underwood, Judson K. Grubbs

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
Determine the effect of chilling systems on beef carcass temperature decline, carcass characteristics, and tenderness.


Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Co-Delivering Sorafenib And Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Sirna Enhanced Tumor-Suppressing Effect On Liver Cancer., Zhili Wen, Yuliang Feng, Youwen Hu, Lingyan Lian, Hongyan Huang, Li Guo, Shanwen Chen, Qian Yang, Moran Zhang, Lijun Wan, Kedong Xu, Degejirifu, Xiaohua Yan Jan 2021

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Co-Delivering Sorafenib And Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Sirna Enhanced Tumor-Suppressing Effect On Liver Cancer., Zhili Wen, Yuliang Feng, Youwen Hu, Lingyan Lian, Hongyan Huang, Li Guo, Shanwen Chen, Qian Yang, Moran Zhang, Lijun Wan, Kedong Xu, Degejirifu, Xiaohua Yan

Faculty Research 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) co-delivering sorafenib (Sor) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) siRNA (MWNT/Sor/siRNA) on tumor growth in liver cancer (LC).

RESULTS: MWNT/Sor/siRNA was proved to possess increased Sor release, high siRNA stability, and enhanced cellular uptake. In addition, MWNT treatment has few effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells; however, MWNT/Sor/siRNA treatment significantly inhibited clone number and induced cell apoptosis, which shows a more favorable antitumor effect than MWNT/Sor and free Sor and free siRNA in HepG2 cells. Moreover MWNT/Sor/siRNA treatment has the most significant antitumor effect …


The Bank Of England's Response To The Indpendent Evaluation Office's Evaluation Of Its Approach To Quantitative Easing, Bank Of England/Central Bank Of The United Kingdom Jan 2021

The Bank Of England's Response To The Indpendent Evaluation Office's Evaluation Of Its Approach To Quantitative Easing, Bank Of England/Central Bank Of The United Kingdom

Documents

No abstract provided.


Annual Financial Report, Fayette County, Tennessee For The Year Ended June 30, 2020, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury. Jan 2021

Annual Financial Report, Fayette County, Tennessee For The Year Ended June 30, 2020, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury.

Tennessee County Audit Reports

No abstract provided.


Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Loci Associated With Risk Of Hbv Infection And Disease Progression, Zheng Zeng, Liu Hankui, Xu Huifang, Lu Haiying, Yu Yanyan, Xu Xiaoyuan, Yu Min, Zhang Tao, Tian Xiulan, Xi Hongli, Guan Liping, Zhang Jianguo, Stephen James O'Brien Jan 2021

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Loci Associated With Risk Of Hbv Infection And Disease Progression, Zheng Zeng, Liu Hankui, Xu Huifang, Lu Haiying, Yu Yanyan, Xu Xiaoyuan, Yu Min, Zhang Tao, Tian Xiulan, Xi Hongli, Guan Liping, Zhang Jianguo, Stephen James O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Background: Recent studies have identified susceptibility genes of HBV clearance, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and showed the host genetic factors play an important role in these HBV-related outcomes.

Results: In order to discover new susceptibility genes for HBV-related outcomes, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 1031 Chinese participants, including 275 HBV clearance subjects, 92 asymptomatic persistence infection carriers (ASPI), 93 chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB), 188 HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis patients (DC), 214 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) and 169 healthy controls (HC). In the case-control study, we observed novel locus significantly associated with CHB …


Alzgps: A Genome-Wide Positioning Systems Platform To Catalyze Multi-Omics For Alzheimer’S Drug Discovery, Yadi Zhou, Jiansong Fang, Lynn M. Bekris, Yeon Heon Kim, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng Jan 2021

Alzgps: A Genome-Wide Positioning Systems Platform To Catalyze Multi-Omics For Alzheimer’S Drug Discovery, Yadi Zhou, Jiansong Fang, Lynn M. Bekris, Yeon Heon Kim, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Recent DNA/RNA sequencing and other multi-omics technologies have advanced the understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of AD, yet there is still a lack of disease-modifying treatments for AD. A new approach to integration of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and human interactome in the drug discovery and development process is essential for this endeavor. Methods: In this study, we developed AlzGPS (Genome-wide Positioning Systems platform for Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery, https://alzgps.lerner.ccf.org), a comprehensive systems biology tool to enable searching, visualizing, and analyzing multi-omics, various types of heterogeneous biological networks, and clinical databases for target identification and development of effective prevention …


The Bg News January 13, 2021, Bowling Green State University Jan 2021

The Bg News January 13, 2021, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. January 13, 2021. Volume 100-Issue 16.


Reports From Academic Staff In The College Of Sciences And Health On The Adaptations Made To Teaching, Learning And Assessment During The Covid-19 Situation From March 2020 To January 2021 [Document , Presentations And Recording, Michael Devereux Jan 2021

Reports From Academic Staff In The College Of Sciences And Health On The Adaptations Made To Teaching, Learning And Assessment During The Covid-19 Situation From March 2020 To January 2021 [Document , Presentations And Recording, Michael Devereux

Group Reports

Staff in the College of Sciences and Health made substantial changes to their approaches to learning, teaching and assessment in the period from March 2020 to January 2021 due to the Covid-19 situation.

In order to highlight the work undertaken by staff and to share their experience, staff were invited to submit a brief summary on some aspect of how they have adapted their teaching, learning and assessment practice e.g. by using a new technology, by using a new method, by doing something differently. Submissions were invited from academic staff individually or in groups and multiple submissions were permitted. The …


Functional Constipation Induces Bladder Overactivity Associated With Upregulations Of Htr2 And Trpv2 Pathways., Nao Iguchi, Alonso Carrasco, Alison X. Xie, Ricardo H. Pineda, Anna P. Malykhina, Duncan T. Wilcox Jan 2021

Functional Constipation Induces Bladder Overactivity Associated With Upregulations Of Htr2 And Trpv2 Pathways., Nao Iguchi, Alonso Carrasco, Alison X. Xie, Ricardo H. Pineda, Anna P. Malykhina, Duncan T. Wilcox

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is a common yet underdiagnosed paediatric entity that describes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) accompanied by abnormal bowel patterns manifested as constipation and/or encopresis. LUTS usually manifest as urgency, urinary frequency, incontinence, and urinary tract infections (UTI). Despite increasing recognition of BBD as a risk factor for long-term urinary tract problems including recurrent UTI, vesicoureteral reflux, and renal scarring, the mechanisms underlying BBD have been unclear, and treatment remains empirical. We investigated how constipation affects the lower urinary tract function using a juvenile murine model of functional constipation. Following four days of functional constipation, animals …


Applying A Relationally And Socially Embedded Decision Framework To Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration, Chelsea Schelly, Don Lee, Elise Matz, Joshua M. Pearce Jan 2021

Applying A Relationally And Socially Embedded Decision Framework To Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration, Chelsea Schelly, Don Lee, Elise Matz, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy technology can play a key role in decreasing the amount of carbon emissions associated with electrical energy production, while also providing an economically justifiable alternative to fossil fuel production. Solar energy technology is also extremely flexible in terms of the size and siting of technological development. Large scale PV farms, however, require access to large tracts of land, which can create community-scale conflict over siting solar energy development projects. While previous scholarship offers frameworks for understanding the mechanisms at play in socio-technological system transitions, including the renewable energy transition, those frameworks fail to center community priorities, …


Challenges Affecting The Use Of Information Resources And Services By Postgraduate Students In Agriculture University Libraries In Nigeria In (Fuam, Moua And Fuaa), Lawal Mohammed Tukur, S. Kannan Jan 2021

Challenges Affecting The Use Of Information Resources And Services By Postgraduate Students In Agriculture University Libraries In Nigeria In (Fuam, Moua And Fuaa), Lawal Mohammed Tukur, S. Kannan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study an appraisal of information resources and services in Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria; the respondents are postgraduate in, Federal University Agriculture Makurdi, Federal Michael Okpara University Agriculture Abia, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, sampled by the researcher. The main objective of the study is to assess the information resources and services in Agriculture University Libraries in Nigeria with view to examine the types of information resources and services available, extent of utilization and the constraints associated with the use of information resources and services by Library postgraduate students in Agriculture University Libraries under study. Simple random sampling …


Metal-Organic Framework-Based Sensor For Bacterial Trehalose In Beef Products, Matthew Hummel, Hongxing Jia, Ailin Guo, Abdullah Maruf, Shun Lu, Wei He, Yue Zhou, Zhengrong Gu Jan 2021

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Sensor For Bacterial Trehalose In Beef Products, Matthew Hummel, Hongxing Jia, Ailin Guo, Abdullah Maruf, Shun Lu, Wei He, Yue Zhou, Zhengrong Gu

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
The objective is to detect trehalose from pathogenic bacteria using an electrochemical sensor based on alkali earth metal-organic frameworks (AE-MOFS).


Usa V. Safehouse Jan 2021

Usa V. Safehouse

2021 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania


Pd-1 Blockade Aggravates Epstein-Barr Virus + Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder In Humanized Mice Resulting In Central Nervous System Involvement And Cd4 + T Cell Dysregulations., Valery Volk, Sebastian J Theobald, Simon Danisch, Sahamoddin Khailaie, Maja Kalbarczyk, Andreas Schneider, Julia Bialek-Waldmann, Nicole Krönke, Yun Deng, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Anna Christina Dragon, Constantin Von Kaisenberg, Stefan Lienenklaus, Andre Bleich, James Keck, Michael Meyer-Hermann, Frank Klawonn, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Christian Münz, Friedrich Feuerhake, Renata Stripecke Jan 2021

Pd-1 Blockade Aggravates Epstein-Barr Virus + Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder In Humanized Mice Resulting In Central Nervous System Involvement And Cd4 + T Cell Dysregulations., Valery Volk, Sebastian J Theobald, Simon Danisch, Sahamoddin Khailaie, Maja Kalbarczyk, Andreas Schneider, Julia Bialek-Waldmann, Nicole Krönke, Yun Deng, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Anna Christina Dragon, Constantin Von Kaisenberg, Stefan Lienenklaus, Andre Bleich, James Keck, Michael Meyer-Hermann, Frank Klawonn, Wolfgang Hammerschmidt, Henri-Jacques Delecluse, Christian Münz, Friedrich Feuerhake, Renata Stripecke

Faculty Research 2021

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the most common malignancies after solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Most PTLD cases are B cell neoplasias carrying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A therapeutic approach is reduction of immunosuppression to allow T cells to develop and combat EBV. If this is not effective, approaches include immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and adoptive T cells. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) to treat EBV+ PTLD was not established clinically due to the risks of organ rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Previously, blockade of the programmed death receptor (PD)-1 by a monoclonal antibody …


'Educated' Osteoblasts Reduce Osteoclastogenesis In A Bone-Tumor Mimetic Microenvironment., Alexus D. Kolb, Jinlu Dai, Evan T. Keller, Karen M. Bussard Jan 2021

'Educated' Osteoblasts Reduce Osteoclastogenesis In A Bone-Tumor Mimetic Microenvironment., Alexus D. Kolb, Jinlu Dai, Evan T. Keller, Karen M. Bussard

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Breast cancer (BC) metastases to bone disrupt the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to excessive bone resorption. We identified a novel subpopulation of osteoblasts with tumor-inhibitory properties, called educated osteoblasts (EOs). Here we sought to examine the effect of EOs on osteoclastogenesis during tumor progression. We hypothesized that EOs affect osteoclast development in the bone-tumor niche, leading to suppressed pre-osteoclast fusion and bone resorption. Conditioned media (CM) was analyzed for protein expression of osteoclast factors receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) via ELISA. EOs were co-cultured with pre-osteoclasts on …


The Dfam Community Resource Of Transposable Element Families, Sequence Models, And Genome Annotations., Jessica Storer, Robert Hubley, Jeb Rosen, Travis J Wheeler, Arian F Smit Jan 2021

The Dfam Community Resource Of Transposable Element Families, Sequence Models, And Genome Annotations., Jessica Storer, Robert Hubley, Jeb Rosen, Travis J Wheeler, Arian F Smit

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Dfam is an open access database of repetitive DNA families, sequence models, and genome annotations. The 3.0-3.3 releases of Dfam ( https://dfam.org ) represent an evolution from a proof-of-principle collection of transposable element families in model organisms into a community resource for a broad range of species, and for both curated and uncurated datasets. In addition, releases since Dfam 3.0 provide auxiliary consensus sequence models, transposable element protein alignments, and a formalized classification system to support the growing diversity of organisms represented in the resource. The latest release includes 266,740 new de novo generated transposable element families from 336 species …


Mithramycin And Analogs For Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance In Ovarian Cancer, David Schweer, J. Robert Mccorkle, Jurgen Rohr, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Frederick R. Ueland, Jill M. Kolesar Jan 2021

Mithramycin And Analogs For Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance In Ovarian Cancer, David Schweer, J. Robert Mccorkle, Jurgen Rohr, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Frederick R. Ueland, Jill M. Kolesar

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Ovarian cancer is a highly deadly malignancy in which recurrence is considered incurable. Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy bodes a particularly abysmal prognosis, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic agents and strategies. The use of mithramycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic, has been previously limited by its narrow therapeutic window. Recent advances in semisynthetic methods have led to mithramycin analogs with improved pharmacological profiles. Mithramycin inhibits the activity of the transcription factor Sp1, which is closely linked with ovarian tumorigenesis and platinum-resistance. This article summarizes recent clinical developments related to mithramycin and postulates a role for the use of mithramycin, or its analog, …


Abnormal Nutritive Sucking As An Indicator Of Neonatal Brain Injury, Sabrina Shandley, Gilson J. Capilouto, Eleonora Tamilia, David M. Riley, Yvette R. Johnson, Christos Papadelis Jan 2021

Abnormal Nutritive Sucking As An Indicator Of Neonatal Brain Injury, Sabrina Shandley, Gilson J. Capilouto, Eleonora Tamilia, David M. Riley, Yvette R. Johnson, Christos Papadelis

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Publications

A term neonate is born with the ability to suck; this neuronal network is already formed and functional by 28 weeks gestational age and continues to evolve into adulthood. Because of the necessity of acquiring nutrition, the complexity of the neuronal network needed to suck, and neuroplasticity in infancy, the skill of sucking has the unique ability to give insight into areas of the brain that may be damaged either during or before birth. Interpretation of the behaviors during sucking shows promise in guiding therapies and how to potentially repair the damage early in life, when neuroplasticity is high. Sucking …