Digital Commons Network^™

Adequacy Of Hemodialysis And Its Associated Factors Among Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Samina S. Somji, Pascal Ruggajo, Sibtain Moledina

Internal Medicine, East Africa

The worldwide prevalence of maintenance hemodialysis continues to rise. An adequate delivery of hemodialysis dose as measured by Kt/V or urea reduction ratio is a crucial determinant of clinical outcome for chronic hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis and its associated factors among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in Dar es Salaam. This was a cross-sectional study done on patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in four dialysis centers in Dar es Salaam. Sociodemographic information and treatment characteristics were collected. Urea reduction rate and single-pool Kt/V were calculated to determine the …

Analysis Of The 100 Most-Cited Papers In One Of The Leading Library And Information Science Journals “Scientometrics”, Muhammad Tanveer, Ikram Ul Haq, Haider Mahmood, Zhang Yu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Scientometrics is one of the leading peer-reviewed journals in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). The present study is aimed to evaluate the salient characteristics of the 100 most-cited papers of Scientometrics. The bibliographic data of most cited papers were extracted from the Scopus database. The attributes of selected papers were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny software. These papers were published between 1979 and 2017. All papers gained citations with a mean ratio of 332.86 citations per paper and the range of citations varies from 155 to 3,222. These papers were contributed by 221authors, with …

Menstrual-Related Headaches Among A Cohort Of African Adolescent Girls, Philip Adebayo, Folajimi M. Otubogun, Rufus O. Akinyemi

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Migraine attacks associated with menstruation are generally perceived as more severe than attacks outside this period.

Aim and Objective: The study aimed at determining the frequency of menstrual-related headaches among a cohort of senior secondary school girls in Abeokuta, Nigeria. We also determined its burden among these school girls.

Methodology: This study was cross-sectional using a validated adolescent headache survey questionnaire. A self-administration of the instrument was done during a school visit. A headache was classified using the ICHD-II criteria.

Results: Of the 183 students interviewed, 123(67.2%) had recurrent headaches. Mean age ±SD, 16.18± 1.55 (range 12– …

Identifying And Implementing Relevant Research Data Management Services For The Library At The University Of Dodoma, Tanzania, Gilbert Exaud Mushi, Heila Pienaar, Martie Van Deventer

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Research Data Management (RDM) services are increasingly becoming a subject of interest for academic and research libraries globally – this is also the case in developing countries. The interest is motivated by a need to support research activities through data sharing and collaboration both locally and internationally. Many institutions, especially in the developed countries, have implemented RDM services to accelerate research and innovation through e-Research but extensive RDM is not so common in developing countries. In reality many African universities and research institutions are yet to implement the most basic of data management services. We believe that the absence of …

Annual Report, 2019-2020, Connecticut College

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Modelling And Mapping The Intra-Urban Spatial Distribution Of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Rate Using Very-High-Resolution Satellite Derived Indicators, Stephanos Georganos, Oscar Brousse, Sebastien Dujardin, Catherine Linard, Daniel Casey, Marco Millones, Benoit Parmentier, Nicole P.M. Van Lipzig, Mattias Demuzere, Sabine Vanhuysse, Nicholus Mboga, Vernica Andreo, Robert W. Snow, Moritz Lennert

Geography Articles

The rapid and often uncontrolled rural–urban migration in Sub-Saharan Africa is transforming urban landscapes expected to provide shelter for more than 50% of Africa’s population by 2030. Consequently, the burden of malaria is increasingly affecting the urban population, while socio-economic inequalities within the urban settings are intensified. Few studies, relying mostly on moderate to high resolution datasets and standard predictive variables such as building and vegetation density, have tackled the topic of modeling intra-urban malaria at the city extent. In this research, we investigate the contribution of very-high-resolution satellite-derived land-use, land-cover and population information for modeling the spatial distribution of …

Insects For Life – A Brief History Of Icipe@50, International Centre Of Insect Physiology And Ecology (Icipe)

icipe Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Status And Management Of Rice Blast Disease Caused By Pyricularia Oryzae Cav. In Upland Rice In Selected Regions In Tanzania, Ibrahim Hashim

All PhD Dissertations

This study aimed to enhance effective rice blast disease management by the establishment of the current status of the disease, its effect on yield of selected upland rice genotypes and the use of environmentally friendly methods such as bio-agents and hot water seed treatment. Two surveys were conducted in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 rice growing seasons to investigate farmers' knowledge of rice blast disease and its management and to establish the incidence and severity of rice blast disease in farmers' rice fields in Morogoro and Tanga regions. Data were collected through face to face interviews using semi structured questionnaire. Rice blast …

Altered Tropical Seascapes Influence Patterns Of Fish Assemblage And Ecological Functions In The Western Indian Ocean, D. H. Chacin, C. D. Stallings, M. Eggertsen, C. Åkerlund, C. Halling, C. Berkström

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The arrangement and composition of habitats within landscapes and fine-scale habitat characteristics influence community structure and ecological processes. These aspects can be altered by anthropogenic activities, thus influencing associated assemblages. Farming of macroalgae is a common practice in tropical settings and alters the natural composition of seascapes by introducing monoculture patches. The farmed macroalgae may also differ in palatability compared to naturally-occurring macroalgae, influencing herbivory. This study assessed how these farms may differ from natural macroalgal beds in terms of habitat heterogeneity, fish assemblages, and herbivory. We surveyed fish assemblages and deployed macroalgal assays within macroalgal beds, farms and at …

Profile Of Cardiac Arrhythmia In Acute Stroke Patients, Julius Stephen Nkhondeya Msukuya

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias are common and can be fatal in acute strokes, but they are often under-recognized. The presence of cardiac arrhythmia in acute stroke doubles the mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the types of cardiac arrhythmia in acute stroke patients admitted in two urban hospitals in Dar es Salaam, The Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam and Muhimbili National Hospital. The secondary objectives were to determine the associations between the characteristic of stroke and cardiac arrhythmias as well as to determine the impact of cardiac arrhythmia on 30- days stroke outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal …

Validation Of Kiswahili Version Of World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Hiv Bref Questionnaire Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Tanzania., Nuru Abdallah Kondo

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Background: WHO has developed an HIV specific quality of life tool (WHOQOLHIV-BREF) for assessing Quality of life of HIV positive individuals. This tool takes to account the different cultural variations that exist worldwide and hence enable assessment of the quality of life across different cultures/context. This tool has been validated in different cultures and is cross-culturally a promising tool. It is simple to use in routine clinics as it is self-administered. Despite its sound validity and reliability from several studies, the developers recommend it to be validated in different cultures to fully assess its psychometric properties before its adaptation. Objectives: …

Revisiting Caroli Syndrome In A Tanzanian Patient, Casmir Wambura, Sharma, Munishi, Salim Suran

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Caroli disease and Caroli syndrome are two rare congenital diseases of the intrahepatic bileducts. Caroli syndrome is characterized by the saccular dilatation of intrahepatic bile ductsassociated with congenital hepatic fibrosis. It is rarely diagnosed in childhood. We herebydescribe a case of Caroli syndrome in a young Tanzanian female who had abdominal pain anddistension since childhood. Her history suggested the presence of portal hypertension possiblyfrom congenital hepatic fibrosis. The diagnosis was reached based on ultrasound, computedtomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, and magnetic resonancecholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

An Assessment Of The Role Of Clinical Supervision In Improving The Quality Of Teaching: A Case Study Of A Secondary School In Kilifi North Sub-County, Kenya, Hurriet Riziki Karani

Master of Education

The quality of teaching is greatly dependent on the supervision approach employed. Clinical supervision is very pivotal in developing the teachers’ pedagogical techniques, which improves the quality of teaching, culminating into improved learners’ outcome. Clinical supervision, introduced in 2016 as part of the TPAD requirements, was meant to develop teachers’ pedagogical skills and practices in order to improve the quality of teaching. However, it was received with a lot of hostility as it is seen as deficiency detecting and spying tool. The study therefore assessed the role of clinical supervision in improving the quality of teaching in a secondary school …

Barriers To Timely Disclosure Of Hiv Serostatus: A Qualitative Study At Care And Treatment Centres In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Neelam Akber Ismail

Master of Family Medicine

Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status is important for HIV prevention and maintenance of health for People living with HIV (PLWHIV), their spouses and the community. Despite the benefits of disclosure, there are PLWHIV who delay in disclosing their status thus increasing the risk of transmission of the disease. Objective: This study aimed at determining the barriers to timely disclosure of HIV serostatus among HIV seropositive individuals in Dar es Salaam and what motivated them to disclose. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using in depth individual interviews was conducted. Ten participants attending the care and treatment centres took part. Qualitative content …

Doc 2020-07 Master Of Construction Engineering And Management, University Of Dayton. Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering And Engineering Mechanics

Senate Documents

Legislative Authority


REFERENCE: DOC 2019-03 Actions Pertaining to Degree Programs and Academic Departments (Revised)

Lack Of Cd8+ T-Cell Co-Localization With Kaposi’S Sarcoma- Associated Herpesvirus Infected Cells In Kaposi’S Sarcoma Tumors, Salum J. Lidenge, For Yue Tso, Owen Ngalamika, Jaydeep Kolape, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Despite the close association between Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and immune dysfunction, it remains unclear whether tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), by their absence, presence, or dysfunction, are mechanistically correlated with KS pathogenesis. Therefore, their potential capacity to serve as prognostic biomarkers of KS disease progression or control is unclear. Because epidemic-KS (EpKS) occurs with HIV-1 co-infection, it is particularly important to compare TIIC between EpKS and HIV-negative African endemic-KS (EnKS) to dissect the roles of HIV-1 and Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in KS pathogenesis. This cross-sectional study of 13 advanced KS (4 EnKS, 9 EpKS) patients and 3 healthy controls …

Prevalence Of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus And Transfusion-Transmissible Infections In Tanzanian Blood Donors, Salum J. Lidenge, Tara Tran, For Yue Tso, John R. Ngowi, Danielle M. Shea, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Objective: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), one of the most common cancers in Tanzania. We have investigated KSHV prevalence and factors associated with KSHV infection in Tanzania.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of voluntary blood-donors from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Plasma was screened for KSHV, HIV-1, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum (syphilis). Associations between KSHV sero-status and risk factors were analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported to evaluate risk factors of KSHV infection. All tests were 2-tailed, and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The overall KSHV seroprevalence was 56.9%. Significantly …

Viral And Immunological Analytes Are Poor Predictors Of The Clinical Treatment Response In Kaposi’S Sarcoma Patients, Salum J. Lidenge, For Yue Tso, Yasaman Mortazavi, John R. Ngowi, Danielle M. Shea, Julius Mwaiselage, Charles Wood, John T. West

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). The prognostic utility of KSHV and HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) viremia as well as immunological parameters in clinical management of participants with KS is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate viral and immunological parameters as predictors of KS treatment responses in participants with KS from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Plasma KSHV-DNA, HIV-1 viral load, total anti-KSHV antibody, KSHV-neutralizing antibody (nAb), cytokine/chemokine levels, and T-cell differentiation subsets were quantified before and after KS treatment in 13 participants with KS and in 13 KSHV-infected asymptomatic control individuals. …

Mathematical Symbolization: Students’ Proficiency In Using Symbols, Peter Okoth Oyoo

Master of Education

This study examined the students’ proficiency in using mathematical symbols. The study objectives explored how learners connect symbols and their meanings, find out how learners use mathematical symbols in problem solving and ways in which learners’ problem-solving goals, activities and organization of results are influenced by mathematical symbols. The study was conducted in a public secondary school in Rarieda Sub-county in Western part of Kenya. It employed a qualitative approach with case study research design. The sampling techniques used to identify research location and recruit participants included convenience, purposive and stratified sampling where 2 secondary mathematics teachers and 8 secondary …

Mobile Application For Summative Assessment Of Language Literacies In Primary Education In Tanzania, Musa Saimon

Master of Education

Summative assessment of language literacies in Tanzanian primary education is based on paper-pencil. This kind of assessment limits learners from being assessed in other significant aspects of literacies such as oral, digital, and listening skills, which results in learners‟ lack of proficiency in using language, especially the English language. As an effort to improve the current situation, the present study explored the possibility of using mobile applications in summative language assessment of primary education in Tanzania. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and participatory action research design in which the researcher underwent three stages: reconnaissance, planning, and action. The …

Examining The Integration Of Information And Communication Technology By Chemistry Teachers In Ndhiwa Sub-County, Kenya, David Omondi Olela

Master of Education

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can transform teaching and learning. It can improve collaborative learning, creative and critical thinking, active learning environment, and transform the classroom into a learner-centred environment for active knowledge acquisition and deepening of understanding. However, the pace of integrating ICT in education has been relatively slow compared to other sectors such as banking and financial services. This study explored how chemistry teachers integrate ICT in teaching and learning in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Kenya using a mixed-methods research design. In phase one data on ICT implementation strategies, learning activities, and challenges teachers faced while integrating ICT in education …

The Effects Of Streaming Secondary School Students According To Their Academic Performance In Hai District, Kilimanjaro, Tunzoely Kikaho

Master of Education

This study explored the effects of streaming students according to their academic abilities by assessing the positive and negative effects associated with such conduct. A qualitative research approach with a case study design was adopted. The study sample size comprised of three teachers (One academic teacher, and two classroom teachers) who were purposively sampled; and 16 form two students who were stratified sampled. The interview guide, focus group discussion guide and document analysis protocol were employed as data collection instruments. The study found that streaming increases inequalities between students as students in lower classes are being labeled hence feel inferior …

Investigating Primary School Teacher’S Knowledge Of Creating And Using Rubrics To Improve Learning: A Case Of Public Primary Schools, Kisumu County In Kenya, Cecilia Awuor

Master of Education

Assessing learners using rubrics is an essential tool in the current competency-based curriculum being rolled out in Kenya. There are however limited studies in Kenya investigating teacher's knowledge of creating and using rubrics for assessment. To fill this gap, a case study of two primary schools was conducted in Kisumu Central Zone. This study aimed to investigate primary school teacher's knowledge of creating and using rubrics to improve learning in public primary schools. The study's research questions were framed to find out if teachers knew about creating and using rubrics. Data was collected using unstructured questions on the interview guide …

Exploring Teachers’ Formative Assessment Practices In Improving Biology Learning And Performance: A Case Of Selected Community Secondary School In Moshi Municpality, Beatitude Jackson Mrema

Master of Education

The purpose of the study was to explore current formative assessment practices by Biology teachers and how these practices influence learning and performance in Biology. The study involved a case study in a single selected community ordinary level secondary school in Moshi municipality. It purposively involved two biology teachers from non-examination classes and twenty students. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews which involved the teachers, classroom observations, focus group discussion with the students and document review and analysis. The data was transcribed verbatim, then coded and themes generated through thematic analysis. The study findings revealed that: biology teachers use …

An Exploration Of How Teachers Deal With Secondary School Students’ Errors And Misconceptions In Mathematics Teaching And Learning In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Zaituni Otindo Ali

Master of Education

Errors are a common phenomenon in the mathematics classroom. It is therefore, important that the teacher has the knowledge of being able to unravel the errors in the course of curriculum implementation as well as employ strategies that are appropriate in alleviating these errors. This study explored how mathematics teachers deal with students’ errors and misconceptions in the teaching and learning of mathematics in secondary schools in Tanzania. The research questions guiding data collection sought to establish some of the error’s students make, ways in which teachers identify those errors and the instructional strategies that teachers employ to alleviate those …

Head Teachers’ Views Of Instructional Leadership: A Case Study Of Four Primary School Head Teachers In Kitgum Municipal Council, Uganda, Olanya Michael West

Master of Education

Instructional leadership practice has become a widely acknowledged leadership approach in the 21st century which is said to have impressive effect in improving academic achievements of learners. This study sought to explore primary school head teachers’ views of their instructional leadership practices in Kitgum Municipal Council, Uganda. The study employed a qualitative research approach and adopted a case study design in which purposeful sampling of four primary school head teachers was done for investigation from four primary schools in Kitgum Municipal Council, Uganda. Data collection methods included one on one semi structured interviews, document analysis and observations. The findings revealed …

Exploring The Influence Of Language Teachers’ Experiences Of Learning Language On Their Teaching Practices, Paul Kinuthia Mwangi

Master of Education

Numerous studies have been conducted to understand why teachers teach in the way to do. Whilst a number of reasons have been given, none has been emphatically conclusive about what influences teachers to adopt certain teaching practices. Even though initial teacher preparation has been identified as a core influencing factor, it has also been observed that teachers teach in ways that do not take into account their teacher preparation experiences. This study therefore, explored how Kiswahili and English language teachers’ experiences of learning language have influenced their teaching practices. The study employed a qualitative approach and adopted a narrative inquiry …

An Exploration Of The Use Of Spoken English In Diploma Teacher Education Colleges: A Case Of Southern Highlands Zone Of Tanzania, Rizick Nyambo Onani

Master of Education

This study explored the use of spoken English in the context of a Tanzanian Diploma Teacher Education and preparation College (DTEC) where English mediates instruction and communications. Through a rapid ethnographic case study, it interviewed the College Principal, Academic Dean, Student Teachers’ Representatives, observed lessons and shadowed teacher trainees for interaction for data collection. The findings show that the use of spoken English in the DTEC is deterred by the persistent use of Kiswahili, Kiswahili/English codeswitching, noninteractive teaching methods and poor English language background. However, the college has initiated programs for promoting the use and speaking in English such as …

Investigating Classroom Practices: Development Of Learners’ Social And Emotional Oracy Skills. A Case Of One Secondary School In Iringa District – Tanzania, Joel Wanguba

Master of Education

Schools represent the first interactional environment after home. Teachers signify a point of reference for learners and impact their social and emotional development through the way teachers display social and emotional skills in the classroom, encourage student-teacher interaction, and manage and organise the classroom. The main objective of this study was to investigate how teachers develop social and emotional oracy skills in a Form One classroom. Specifically, the study investigated teachers’ perceptions on the social and emotional oracy skills, factors that facilitate the development of learners’ social and emotional oracy skills in the classroom, strategies teachers use to develop students’ …

Evaluating Students Information System Success Using Delone And Mclean’S Model: Student’S Perspective, Majaliwa Mkinga, Herman Mandari

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

System success is considered to be an important element in accomplishing the goals of the organization; therefore evaluation of system success needs to be done in order to ensure that investment in Information System is successful. Most of Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania have adopted the use of IS in providing service to their customers. Nevertheless, there is less evidence that system success evaluation has been done in order to identify the desired characteristics which could make IS more effective. Due to that, this study evaluates the effectiveness of Student Information System (SIS) used at the Institute of Finance …