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2020

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A Salty Compromise: The Behavioral Response Of Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon Cinereus) To Different Concentrations Of Nacl, A Prevalent Road Deicer, Randolph Viola Jan 2020

A Salty Compromise: The Behavioral Response Of Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon Cinereus) To Different Concentrations Of Nacl, A Prevalent Road Deicer, Randolph Viola

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Many amphibians are bound to a nearby freshwater source such as lakes and vernal pools. Often times, this is because they are fully aquatic; if they are partially terrestrial, they still need freshwater bodies to lay their eggs in a suitable environment. With the constant use of road salt as a deicer during snowing periods, the subsequent runoff has negatively altered nearby soil and water sources. Amphibians, with their permeable skin, are at great risk of desiccation if exposed to a hyperosmotic environment caused by this application. However, some plethodontid salamanders deviate from this restrictive norm by living as dedicated …

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Heterogeneous Multi-Layered Network Model For Omics Data Integration And Analysis, Bohyun Lee, Shuo Zhang, Aleksandar Poleksic, Lei Xie Jan 2020

Heterogeneous Multi-Layered Network Model For Omics Data Integration And Analysis, Bohyun Lee, Shuo Zhang, Aleksandar Poleksic, Lei Xie

Faculty Work

Advances in next-generation sequencing and high-throughput techniques have enabled the generation of vast amounts of diverse omics data. These big data provide an unprecedented opportunity in biology, but impose great challenges in data integration, data mining, and knowledge discovery due to the complexity, heterogeneity, dynamics, uncertainty, and high-dimensionality inherited in the omics data. Network has been widely used to represent relations between entities in biological system, such as protein-protein interaction, gene regulation, and brain connectivity (i.e. network construction) as well as to infer novel relations given a reconstructed network (aka link prediction). Particularly, heterogeneous multi-layered network (HMLN) has proven successful …

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Ethanol Induced Neurotoxicity Through Dysregulation Of Ampk In A Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Model, Jessica Gebhardt Jan 2020

Ethanol Induced Neurotoxicity Through Dysregulation Of Ampk In A Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Model, Jessica Gebhardt

Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences

Ethanol consumption during pregnancy is rising in the U.S., including the rate of binge drinking. It is reported around 1 in 27 women engage in binge drinking activities while pregnant. The third trimester is a sensitive period of neuronal growth in which ethanol induced neurotoxicity can cause many harmful effects including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. It has been shown that ethanol decreases the activity of AMPK through increasing lipid peroxidation, both of which are correlated to neurotoxicity. AICAR is a synthetic analog of AMP which significantly increases AMPK activity and may have beneficial effects in an organotypic hippocampal model of …

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Classifying Relations Using Recurrent Neural Network With Ontological-Concept Embedding, Mario J. Lorenzo Jan 2020

Classifying Relations Using Recurrent Neural Network With Ontological-Concept Embedding, Mario J. Lorenzo

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Relation extraction and classification represents a fundamental and challenging aspect of Natural Language Processing (NLP) research which depends on other tasks such as entity detection and word sense disambiguation. Traditional relation extraction methods based on pattern-matching using regular expressions grammars and lexico-syntactic pattern rules suffer from several drawbacks including the labor involved in handcrafting and maintaining large number of rules that are difficult to reuse. Current research has focused on using Neural Networks to help improve the accuracy of relation extraction tasks using a specific type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). A promising approach for relation classification uses an RNN …

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A Study Of Self-Evaluation And Estimator Error In Internal Medicine Residents And Its Influence On The Academic Achievement Of Medical Knowledge, William Morse Jan 2020

A Study Of Self-Evaluation And Estimator Error In Internal Medicine Residents And Its Influence On The Academic Achievement Of Medical Knowledge, William Morse

Wayne State University Dissertations

The main objective of this study is to address the research question—how does a sample of internal medicine residents self-evaluate and what, if any, influence does this have on their academic achievement of medical knowledge? The research builds on and extends our understanding of the self-evaluation process through the moderating effects between competency-related beliefs and academic achievement of medical knowledge. The study design is quantitative, cross-sectional survey research using a non-random sample of 58 internal medicine residents at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. The primary sources for data collection included a study survey that measured competency-related beliefs as a …

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Poverty, Inequality And Social Justice In Nonmetropolitan America, Don E. Albrecht Jan 2020

Poverty, Inequality And Social Justice In Nonmetropolitan America, Don E. Albrecht

Web Book of Regional Science

This Web Book addresses the topics of poverty, inequality, and social justice in nonmetropolitan counties in the United States. The job structure of nonmetro communities is significantly different from the job structure in metro communities. Further, nonmetro communities face unique obstacles in implementing programs to reduce poverty. The book provides an overview of trends in and the correlates of poverty. Some of the major theoretical efforts to understand poverty are examined along with societal trends likely to impact levels of poverty and inequality in the future. The book concludes suggestions for nonmetropolitan community leaders and practitioners for dealing with poverty.

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2020 Symposium Brochure Jan 2020

2020 Symposium Brochure

Programs

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of Retinol Stabilized In Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles With And Without Antioxidants, Yekaterina G. Chmykh, Jay Nadeau Jan 2020

Characterization Of Retinol Stabilized In Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles With And Without Antioxidants, Yekaterina G. Chmykh, Jay Nadeau

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Retinol stability has been reported to be improved by encapsulation in liposomes, both with and without cholesterol. However, this improvement is limited because of lipid peroxidation. In this study, we compare the stability of retinol in phosphatidylcholine liposomes under ultraviolet (UV) light or standard room air, with and without the addition of antioxidants. Both butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and a proprietary mix (StoppOx) improved the shelf stability from vesicles, including within the aqueous layer. Fluorescence lifetimes were equally heterogeneous. Under UV irradiation, StoppOx protected retinol for significantly longer than BHT and via different mechanisms. This suggests that natural antioxidants work well …

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Bulletin: General Catalog Issue 2020-2021, Portland State University Jan 2020

Bulletin: General Catalog Issue 2020-2021, Portland State University

Bulletin & Curriculum Change Documents

Volume 1 - Programs is available via the Download option, Volume 2 - Courses is available in the Additional Files below

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Essays On Disability, Public Assistance Programs And Employment, Xiaoqi Zhu Jan 2020

Essays On Disability, Public Assistance Programs And Employment, Xiaoqi Zhu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation explores the relationship between disability, public assistance programs and employment. The first chapter investigates the impact of chronic pain on the labor market participation decisions of people nearing retirement age. The results from estimating a random effect discrete-time hazard model suggest that chronic pain greatly enlarges the hazard of exiting labor market even after controlling for many diseases that contribute to pain, and this effect increases with the severity of pain level. I further estimate a discrete-time competing risks model to explore the association between chronic pain and labor market exits due to different reasons. The finding indicates …

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Does How One Uses Mindfulness Meditation Matter? : An Experimental Evaluation Of The Acute Impact Of Mindfulness In A Control Vs. Acceptance Context On Anxious Arousal In A Non-Clinical Sample, Eric Daniel Tifft Jan 2020

Does How One Uses Mindfulness Meditation Matter? : An Experimental Evaluation Of The Acute Impact Of Mindfulness In A Control Vs. Acceptance Context On Anxious Arousal In A Non-Clinical Sample, Eric Daniel Tifft

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Mindfulness meditation has existed in Eastern cultures for thousands of years; nonetheless, its introduction to Western society and psychological science is a recent development. Numerous psychosocial interventions now include mindfulness practice as a core therapeutic intervention. Increasingly, mindfulness and other meditative practices are being promoted within popular culture as strategies to regulate stress, anxiety, and other unpleasant emotional or psychological events. Yet, using mindfulness to regulate and control unwanted private experiences is antithetical to the original intended purpose of such strategies, namely, to observe, welcome and accept private experiences just as they are. Research in emotion regulation and thought suppression …

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Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications, Leon Vegas Ho Jan 2020

Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications, Leon Vegas Ho

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The binding of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an important feature of the RAGE signaling pathway that plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Under high glucose concentration, RAGE expression increases immensely from the formation of a Schiff base by glucose bounded to lysine. This triggers an inflammatory and immune response and upregulates the expression of RAGE and causes an accumulation of AGEs in the body. As a result, this leads to the development of diabetes and other complications such as, atherosclerosis, nephrothapy, and retinopathy. To remedy AGE accumulation, …

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An Extension Of Social Justice : A Rawlsian Application Of Justice For The Intellectually Disabled, Jennifer Christina Tillman Jan 2020

An Extension Of Social Justice : A Rawlsian Application Of Justice For The Intellectually Disabled, Jennifer Christina Tillman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this dissertation, I add to the literature in the following way. First, I review the existing criticisms of Rawls’s theory of justice, which claims that he is unable to address the question of justice for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Second, I explain how Rawls’s idea of reciprocity can accommodate some forms of disability but not the more severe cases. Third, I develop an account of a right to political identity that can provide an extension of Rawls’s theory to address the more severe cases of disability. From these steps, I will suggest that these changes will allow us to …

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Adaptation Of Vibrio Cholerae O1 To Protective, Lipopolysaccharide-Specific Antibodies In The Intestinal Lumen, Danielle Elizabeth Baranova Jan 2020

Adaptation Of Vibrio Cholerae O1 To Protective, Lipopolysaccharide-Specific Antibodies In The Intestinal Lumen, Danielle Elizabeth Baranova

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative enteric pathogens like Vibrio cholerae is a barrier against host defense factors, as well as a sensor of physical and chemical stimuli that the bacteria encounter in the gastrointestinal tract. The OM is also the primary target of the mucosal immune response, which consists of secretory antibodies primarily directed against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ZAC-3 is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that targets the conserved core/lipid A region of LPS of the pandemic V. cholerae O1 serotype. In a neonatal mouse model, passively administered ZAC-3 IgG has been shown to reduce the ability of V. cholerae to …

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Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds, Hailey J. Marini Jan 2020

Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds, Hailey J. Marini

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The increasing concerns of chemical weapons used by terrorists is growing, creating a need for infield detection methods that can rapidly detect these compounds that are a major health concern for civilians and military personnel. Displacement is a novel concept for the detection of cholinesterase inhibitors, including organophosphorus compounds, that could replace the classical instrumentation methods currently being used for diagnostics.

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Alterations In Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 1 In The Hypothalamus And Preoptic Area During The Postpartum Period, Rose Ann M. De Guzman Jan 2020

Alterations In Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Type 1 In The Hypothalamus And Preoptic Area During The Postpartum Period, Rose Ann M. De Guzman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite the apparent sex difference in prevalence of anxiety in humans, pre-clinical studies that have led to anxiolytic drug discoveries between 1960 and 2012 used male animals and approximately 6% of 10,000 studies used female animals. The generalizability of the efficacy of these drugs to both sexes may be limited if data derived are predominantly based on the male brain. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, was to investigate potential underlying neuronal mechanisms that could be contributing to the sex differences in stress-related mood disorder prevalence and to focus on shedding light on female brains.

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Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Range Of A Vector-Borne Pathogen, Thomas Macgregor Hart Jan 2020

Molecular Mechanisms Shaping Host Range Of A Vector-Borne Pathogen, Thomas Macgregor Hart

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Vector-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), have narrow host ranges and are apt models to study host-microparasite coevolution. Some species and strains of Lyme borreliae (LB) are specialists, infecting only mammalian or only avian hosts (ex. Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii, respectively), while others are generalists and infect both hosts (ex. B. burgdorferi). Such host tropisms are hypothesized to be partially shaped by the ability of these pathogens evade host immune defenses, such as complement. Complement is a first line host defense against invading pathogens that kills LB in vitro and inhibits spirochete …

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Synaptic Homeostasis At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Powers Jan 2020

Synaptic Homeostasis At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction, Andrew Powers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Synaptic homeostasis is a specialized form of synaptic plasticity that maintains synaptic strength within normal parameters. The synapse must regulate its activity both during growth and in response to repeated stimulation. Much of the study of synaptic homeostasis has focused on presynaptic modifications to the quantal content. There is, however, evidence of postsynaptic regulation as an important form of synaptic homeostasis. To further investigate the ability of the synapse to make homeostatic modifications to its function we utilized the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as our model system. To examine the regulation of excitation at the NMJ during growth we observed …

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Harsh Parenting And Later Aggression Among Emerging Adults : Moderating Role Of Positive Parenting And Resting Skin Conductance Level, Li Shen Chong Jan 2020

Harsh Parenting And Later Aggression Among Emerging Adults : Moderating Role Of Positive Parenting And Resting Skin Conductance Level, Li Shen Chong

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Parenting plays a crucial role in one’s development and well-being. The association between harsh parenting and later aggression problems is well established. However, harsh parenting may not occur in a vacuum. Harsh parenting may occur within a varying degree of positive parenting. Research has shown that positive parenting can act as a protective factor against the adverse effects of harsh parenting. Moreover, autonomic nervous system activation may moderate the effects of harsh parenting on aggressive behavior. The goal of this study was to examine whether sympathetic nervous system activity, as measured by skin conductance level (SCL), and positive parenting, moderate …

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The Stromal Response In Salivary Gland Injury, Kevin O'Keefe Jan 2020

The Stromal Response In Salivary Gland Injury, Kevin O'Keefe

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Identification And Analysis Of Body Fluid Traces For Forensic Purposes Using Vibrational Spectroscopy And Chemometrics, Ewelina M. Mistek-Morabito Jan 2020

Identification And Analysis Of Body Fluid Traces For Forensic Purposes Using Vibrational Spectroscopy And Chemometrics, Ewelina M. Mistek-Morabito

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Recent years have seen a large expansion in the forensic field due to the introduction of novel analytical techniques. Body fluids are an extremely important type of evidence at crime scenes and the main source of DNA. Most current methods for the identification and examination of body fluid traces require chemical treatment and are therefore destructive to the sample. Thus, new methods that are nondestructive and provide rapid results with statistical confidence are desirable. Such methods could eliminate noninformative traces and allow investigators to focus on more valuable pieces of evidence. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop …

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Tfap2e/Ap-2e Is A Transcriptional Regulator Controlling Neuronal Identity And Circuitry Formation In The Mouse Accessory Olfactory System, Jennifer M. Lin Jan 2020

Tfap2e/Ap-2e Is A Transcriptional Regulator Controlling Neuronal Identity And Circuitry Formation In The Mouse Accessory Olfactory System, Jennifer M. Lin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Developmental progression is driven by specific spatiotemporal gene expression, which give rise to consistently patterned organisms despite environmental and genetic variation. The specific activation of robust gene regulatory networks that define tissue structure and individual cellular identity are necessary for tissue and cell specific programs to be activated. Cellular specification is guided by the interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signals at specific developmental timepoints. The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition and maintenance of individual cellular identity remains a fundamental question across biological systems. Understanding the regulatory networks controlling the acquisition of neuronal identity, diversity, and connectivity in the formation of …

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Against Bloom: A Defense Of Smithian Fellow-Feeling, Damian Thomas Masterson Jan 2020

Against Bloom: A Defense Of Smithian Fellow-Feeling, Damian Thomas Masterson

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In his 2016 book, Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion, Paul Bloom argues that “if we want to be good caring people, if we want to make the world a better place, then we are better off without empathy.” I’ve specifically chosen this formulation of Bloom’s position because it gets at the issue I will most directly challenge him on - that we would, or even could, be better off without empathy. The position I will defend is that our empathy plays an indispensable role in the development of our moral conscience, and an ongoing role in the cultivation …

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Launching The Next Generation : Transcriptional Regulation During Oogenesis, Alicia K. Mccarthy Jan 2020

Launching The Next Generation : Transcriptional Regulation During Oogenesis, Alicia K. Mccarthy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Germ cells give rise to gametes and link generations by passing genetic information from parent to offspring. Gametes arise from, in many sexually reproducing organisms, germline stem cells (GSCs) which are set aside early during development. GSCs have an amazing capacity to undergo self-renewal to give rise to a pool of undifferentiated cells, while also differentiating to generate specialized germ cells such as haploid gametes. Upon female GSC differentiation, mitotically dividing germ cells can initiate meiosis, and mature within a follicle. During maturation, the specified oocyte is provided with a trust fund of RNAs and proteins for the next generation …

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Novel Bioreactor Technology For Real Time In-Cell Nmr, Leonard Breindel Jan 2020

Novel Bioreactor Technology For Real Time In-Cell Nmr, Leonard Breindel

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Long has it been the goal of biochemists to observe a protein within the cellular environment allowing the true nature of a protein function to be determined within a cell. To understand the nature of a protein within a cell, the role of the cellular environment must be considered when determining the function as a protein. The cellular environment is a crowded place filled with macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins that all interact with one another affecting the function of a protein. Intracellular macromolecules can reach concentrations of 300 g/L and occupy 30% of the available space in …

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Towards Machine Learning In Chemical Sensing : Milk Differentiation And Quality Control Through Two-Dimensional Nano-Sensor Array, Yu Sheng Chen Jan 2020

Towards Machine Learning In Chemical Sensing : Milk Differentiation And Quality Control Through Two-Dimensional Nano-Sensor Array, Yu Sheng Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Herein, we developed a novel artificial tongue using machine learning and 12 nanoassemblies (2D-NAs) to identify and analyzed different kinds of milk beverages for quality control. This biomimetic sensor array was trained to “taste” different milk types as an “artificial tongue” which is the first time we demonstrated that this sensor array can be implemented to complex systems. Two-dimensional nanoparticles (2D-nps) and nine fluorescently labeled single stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA) with different length and nucleobases were assembled to create 12 2D-NAs. The artificial tongue was deployed to identify and analyze five milk types. All five milk types were discriminated with 95% …

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Spina Bifida Mortality By Clinical And Demographic Characteristics Using The New York State Birth Defects Registry, 2008-2016, Anaclare Mackenzie Sullivan Jan 2020

Spina Bifida Mortality By Clinical And Demographic Characteristics Using The New York State Birth Defects Registry, 2008-2016, Anaclare Mackenzie Sullivan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Spina bifida is the most common neural tube defect. It has been associated with increased mortality, disability, and may require lifelong medical care. Few previous studies have assessed the impact that maternal race/ethnicity or variations in clinical features of the disease may have on mortality.

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The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Postnatal Development Of The Dentate Gyrus And Episodic-Like Memory, Andrew James Newell Jan 2020

The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Postnatal Development Of The Dentate Gyrus And Episodic-Like Memory, Andrew James Newell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The hippocampus is a critical structure for the encoding and retrieval of declarative memories in humans, including episodic-memories. In rodents the steroid hormone receptor progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus during the postnatal period, a key stage in development of DG cytoarchitecture and connectivity. During the first postnatal week, the main cortical input to the hippocampal circuit, the perforant path, innervates the molecular layer (MOL) of the DG and forms temporary initial synaptic connections with pioneer neurons. By the third postnatal week, long-term synapses have been established with granule cells, the principle neurons …

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Effect Of Draxin Manipulation On Btbr Mouse Brain And Behavior, Adam Blau Jan 2020

Effect Of Draxin Manipulation On Btbr Mouse Brain And Behavior, Adam Blau

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is known for distinct behavioral phenotypes such as a preference for repetitive activities and difficulty in socialization. However, little is known about what might cause ASD. Current evidence implicates genetics as playing a substantial role in ASD. Mouse models, such as BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) inbred mice, are an invaluable resource for ASD research, as they allow the investigation of both genetics and behavior in parallel. BTBR mice are of interest due to their reduced hippocampal commissure (HC) and absent corpus callosum (CC), along with increased exploratory activity, decreased anxiety, reduced sociability, and increased repetitive self-grooming …

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The Role Of Gaba Signaling In Gnrh Neuron Migration And Function, Tyler Mitchell Jan 2020

The Role Of Gaba Signaling In Gnrh Neuron Migration And Function, Tyler Mitchell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are key regulators of sexual development and reproduction of animals from ascidians to vertebrates. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) has been implicated, in literature, as one of the major players in the regulating GnRH neuronal development and neuronal activity. GABA usually acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, however, in GnRH neurons it has been described as an excitatory stimulus in different animal models. In my master thesis I will present and discuss a series of scientific articles on this topic to summarize the current understanding of how GABA signaling affects GnRH neuronal development and physiological activity in reproduction.

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