Digital Commons Network^™

Resolvin E1 Derived From Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents Hyperinsulinemia And Hyperglycemia In A Host Genetic Manner, Anandita Pal, Abrar E. Al-Shaer, William Guesdon, Maria J. Torres, Michael Armstrong, Kevin Quinn, Traci Davis, Nichole Reisdorph, P. Darrell Neufer, Espen E. Spangenburg, Ian Carroll, Richard P. Bazinet, Ganesh V. Halade, Joan Clària, Saame Raza Shaikh

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has garnered attention after the success of the REDUCE-IT trial, which contradicted previous conclusions on EPA for cardiovascular disease risk. Here we first investigated EPA's preventative role on hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. EPA ethyl esters prevented obesity-induced glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice. Supporting NHANES analyses showed that fasting glucose levels of obese adults were inversely related to EPA intake. We next investigated how EPA improved murine hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. EPA overturned the obesity-driven decrement in the concentration …

Race-Based And Sex-Based Differences In Bioactive Lipid Mediators After Myocardial Infarction, Ganesh V. Halade, Vasundhara Kain, Chrisly Dillion, Mark Beasley, Tanja Dudenbostel, Suzanne Oparil, Nita A. Limdi

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Aims: Leucocyte-directed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are essential for cardiac repair, and their biosynthesis coincides with the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators; however, the precise quantitation during an acute myocardial infarction (MI) event is poorly understood in race-specific and sex-specific manner. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the USA. Although the prevalence of coronary heart disease is similar between Black and White patients, cardiovascular events (including MI), rehospitalization, and mortality are disproportionately higher in Black patients. Therefore, understanding differences in inflammation and resolution can enable the development of predictive, personalized, and precise treatment and attenuate …

Decimated Little Brown Bats Show Potential For Adaptive Change, Giorgia G. Auteri, L. L. Knowles

KIP Articles

The degree to which species can rapidly adapt is key to survival in the face of climatic and other anthropogenic changes. For little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), whose populations have experienced declines of over 90% because of the introduced fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS), survival of the species may ultimately depend upon its capacity for adaptive change. Here, we present evidence of selectively driven change (adaptation), despite dramatic nonadaptive genomic shifts (genetic drift) associated with population declines. We compared the genetic makeups of wild survivors versus non-survivors of WNS, and found significant shifts in allele frequencies of genes …

Welcome To The World Of Tomorrow: An Exploration Of Cell-Based Meats And How The Fda And Usda May Protect Intellectual Property Rights, Sean A. Grafton

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

Lab-grown meats are ready to be sold in United States markets. However, the meat product needs approval from regulators such as the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). The regulation approval process takes a significant amount of time. This approval period will cut into the lab-grown meat producers’ patent time, rendering a period of the patent ineffective.

This Comment analyzes the effect of, and possible changes to, our current laws on the emerging lab-grown meat market. To look at this problem, this Comment compares FDA and USDA regulations, analyzes the Hatch-Waxman Act, and …

2020 Annual Report, Children's Advocacy Institute, University Of San Diego School Of Law

CAI Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Respecting And Protecting Transgender And Gender-Nonconforming Children In Family Courts, Claire Houston

Canadian Journal of Family Law

Family court judges are increasingly being asked to resolve parenting disputes involving conflict over a child’s gender expression or identity. These disputes ask whether it is in the best interests of children to support their gender nonconformity, including any decision to transition to a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth. Despite more of these cases coming before family courts, judges have little guidance on how to resolve these cases in the best interests of children. Drawing on medical and social science literature and reported decisions, and applying a robust theory of children’s participation rights, this article …

Retrospective Removal Of Gamete Donor Anonymity: Policy Recommendations For Ontario Based On The Victorian Experience, Alicia Czarnowski

Canadian Journal of Family Law

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the gamete-donor anonymity schemes in Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. As of March 1, 2017, Victoria became the first jurisdiction in the world to retrospectively remove gamete-donor anonymity. Conversely, donor anonymity remains protected in Ontario, largely through statutory silence. While many donor conceived individuals are calling for other jurisdictions to follow suit and retrospectively abolish anonymity, an in-depth analysis of Victoria’s policy-making process suggests that Ontario should not take a similar course of action. This conclusion is based on the inherent issues with retrospective legislation, the historical differences between the two jurisdictions in …

Rod-Shape Theranostic Nanoparticles Facilitate Antiretroviral Drug Biodistribution And Activity In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptible Cells And Tissues, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya, Brendan Ottemann, Insiya Z. Mukadam, Laura Castellanos, Kristen Sikora, James R. Hilaire, Jatin Machhi, Jonathan Herskovitz, Dhruvkumar Soni, Mahmudul Hasan, Wenting Zhang, Anandakumar Sarella, Jered Garrison, Joellyn Mcmillan, Benson Edagwa, R. Lee Mosley, Richard W. Vachet, Howard E. Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus theranostics facilitates the development of long acting (LA) antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) by defining drug-particle cell depots. Optimal drug formulations are made possible based on precise particle composition, structure, shape and size. Through the creation of rod-shaped particles of defined sizes reflective of native LA drugs, theranostic probes can be deployed to measure particle-cell and tissue biodistribution, antiretroviral activities and drug retention.

Methods: Herein, we created multimodal rilpivirine (RPV) ¹⁷⁷lutetium labeled bismuth sulfide nanorods (¹⁷⁷LuBSNRs) then evaluated their structure, morphology, configuration, chemical composition, biological responses and adverse reactions. Particle biodistribution was analyzed by single …

Bsa Agri Business, Marketing And Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Agricultural Communications, 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Agricultural Science, 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Agricultural Technology, 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Production And Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Equine Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Pre-Vet 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bs Accounting, Accelerated Master's 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Plant And Soil Science, Agronomy 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Perceived Pressure From Coaches, Teammates, And Parents Influences College Athletes' Intentions To Report Concussion Symptoms, Christian Klucsarits

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Help-seeking behaviors among collegiate athletes are influenced by social norms and by the implicit and explicit expectations of others, including coaches, teammates, and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate which social group has the greatest influence on collegiate athletes’ intentions to report sport-related concussion symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 2,984 NCAA student-athletes from 22 colleges/universities across Pennsylvania completed anonymous online surveys related to concussion symptom reporting attitudes and behaviors. Of the 51 original items included in the survey, 21 items were included in this study, including demographic information, perceived social pressure, and intention to report concussion symptoms. …

A Comparison Of Sweat Rate And Sweat Electrolyte Concentrations Between Two Modes Of Exercise In Trained Triathletes, Daniel Webb

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Context: Sweat rate and sweat electrolyte concentration are traditionally collected for one exercise bout. The purpose of this study determined whether sweat electrolyte concentration and sweat rate varies between two modes of exercise. Methods: Twenty subjects (10 male/ 10 female) completed 2 training sessions, one hour of biking and one hour of running in a thermal neutral environment. Sweat samples by absorbent patches were used and collected at the end of exercise or when the sweat patches became full. Results: No differences in sweat rate (Bike = 1.12L/hr ± 0.58, Run 1.12L/hr ± .55, r(38)=.80, p = 1.00) but …

The Effects Of Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Running On Acute Femoral Cartilage Deformation In Healthy Males And Females, Megan Graff

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Context: Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) have been integrated into athletic performance and rehabilitation, but the physiologic and biomechanical effects of LBPPT unloading are not well known. As LBPPT use increases, it is imperative to know its effects on local joint cartilage. Assessing femoral cartilage deformation through ultrasonography after running on a LBPPT may provide a better understanding of effects on knee cartilage. Objective: Compare the effects of running at 100% and 80% body weight (BW) on a LBPPT on femoral articular cartilage and gait biomechanics between sexes and limbs in healthy, physically active participants. Design: Two group crossover. …

Recognizing And Addressing Mathematics Anxiety In Female Students, Amanda Sost

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Mathematics anxiety is a prevalent concern in the world of education. As a female mathematician myself, my own personal experiences led me to research the reasons why mathematics anxiety affects more girls than boys. Specifically this paper explores the basics of anxiety including its definition and causes. This definition provides a meaning behind discussing the authoritarian model of education and the importance behind creating a free democratic society, not only in the classroom but in the world. Specifically, the authoritarian style of pedagogy has many affects on students who are learning mathematics, which will be explored as one of the …

Finding Truth In Memoir, John Abernethy

West Chester University Master’s Theses

This thesis represents four chapters of a memoir. The first chapter is a work of fiction and the remaining three chapters are written in the genre of creative nonfiction.

The completed work will continue this structure and present personal narratives of memoir interspersed with works of fiction. Fiction serves to support and complement the variability and deficits of memory, to fill in the gaps, in the process of revealing the personal truth of memoir. The two genres will be linked in terms of theme, metaphor, and lyric voice..

Fundamental to this thesis is the assumption that a memoir can reveal …

Phenomenological Twilight: Genders, Orientations, And Experiences, Angel Holmes

West Chester University Master’s Theses

This master’s thesis applies concepts in phenomenology and psychology to social justice, fictional works, and lived experiences. I argue that the marginalization of different gender identities is systemic, affecting people at both the individual level and society. I employ Shulamith Firestone’s contention that this oppression is rooted in the division of men and women into biological sex classes as a feature of Western society. For Firestone, the capacity of a person to give birth is tied to societal expectations ranging from but not limited to parenting, professional careers, and the culture of romance. To support the notion that these expectations …

Novel Mechanism For Turning Performance In Bluefin Tuna, Abigail Downs

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Scombrid fishes can attain exceptional swimming speeds due to their thunniform, lift-based propulsion, large muscle mass, and fusiform body shape. A rigid body restricts maneuverability for aquatic organisms. To test if turning maneuvers by the rigid-bodied Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) are constrained, captive animals were video recorded from above as the animals routinely swam around a large circular tank or during feeding bouts. The turning performance was classified into three different types of turns: 1) glide turn, where the tuna uses the caudal fin as a rudder to passively move through the turn, 2) powered turn, where …

Microbial Energy Storage And Antimicrobial Effects Of Metal Nanoparticles, Octavia Allen

West Chester University Master’s Theses

With the use of Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and anaerobic digester (AD) designs, wastewater treatment could be more effectively processed. Inoculation of anaerobic microorganisms, methanogens specifically, can help convert organic matter in wastewater metabolizing it to produce CH₄. Most MECs are stationary and are not actively mixed to promote expedited CH₄ production. The objective of this work was to design Wind-Actuated Vibrating Electrochemical (WAVE) digesters and utilize electrical current to increase CH₄ production rates generated by anaerobic microorganisms in MECs, optimizing efficiency of wastewater treatment. It was hypothesized WAVE mixed digesters will enhance conversion of wastewater …

Form And Function Of The California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Hindflippers: Control Surfaces For Subaqueous Maneuvers, Ariel Leahy

West Chester University Master’s Theses

The hindflippers of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have previously been overlooked as aquatic control surfaces. Although passively trailed in rectilinear swimming, the hindflippers are abducted into a delta-wing shape during aquatic maneuvers. As the anatomy of sea lion hindflippers had not previously been described, anatomical/morphological examinations were completed via scaled measurements and dissections. It was found that the tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus insert into the collagen matrix of the crenellations instead of onto bone and the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Brevis contain foramen through which the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus pass. …

Screening And Detection Of Antiviral Activity In Alchornea Cordifolia Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro, Abigail A. Yenser

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Alchornea cordifolia, known as Pennah, has been used extensively as a medicinal plant in Africa for treating a variety of ailments. Crude water (H₂O) and methanol (MeOH) extracts prepared from dried leaves of Pennah were tested for antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) by plaque reduction assays, showing crude MeOH more effective as an antiviral against HSV2. Assays with fractionated MeOH extract resulted in highest plaque reduction in the 30% MeOH fraction (30% Pennah MeOH) at a significant 98% reduction at 250 µg/mL. Crude and 30% Pennah MeOH were found to contain alkaloids, phenols, …

Tidal-Groundwater Study Of The Slaughter Beach Salt Marsh In Slaughter Beach, De, Michael Powers

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Seasonal and decadal monitoring of salt marsh at Slaughter Beach, DE documented long-term and short-term variations in number and sizes of salt ponds. Over 400 salt ponds ranging in size between 0.5 m² to 0.11 km² were identified on 5.5 km² salt marsh platform. The purpose of this study is to quantify hydrologic conditions and measure groundwater discharge of a salt marsh, particularly the impact of tidal forces on groundwater fluctuation.

Four wells with nests of mini-piezometers with ONSET Pressure Transducers were installed along a transect crossing the largest salt pond (0.11 km²) in the …

Distribution And Reproduction By The Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio Martinica) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, Terry L. Tumlison, Tamzen T. Bryant

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) is a rare bird in Arkansas, and its populations likely have declined due to loss of marshy areas with emergent vegetation. By use of online sources for citizen science combined with a field study, we elucidate the current distribution of this bird in Arkansas, and document characteristics of reproduction and development. Purple Gallinules arrive in Arkansas as early as April and remain to late October. Nesting occurs from early May into July, and nests may represent second broods. Ontogenetic changes in hatchlings are described.

Ecto- And Endoparasites Of The Texas Deermouse, Peromyscus Attwateri And Eastern Woodrat, Neotoma Floridana (Rodentia: Cricetidae) From Polk County, Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Lance A, Durden, John A. Hnida, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In Arkansas, the Texas deermouse (Peromyscus attwateri) occurs in the western part of the state where it is restricted to the uplands of the Interior Highlands. The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana) is found statewide but is less common in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Very little is known about the parasites of either rodent in Arkansas, especially helminths from P. attwateri at any locality within its range. Found in/on P. attwateri were a coccidian (Eimeria langbarteli), a tapeworm (Catenotaenia peromysci), a nematode (Syphacia peromysci), 2 ticks (Dermacenter variabilis and Ixodes …