Digital Commons Network^™

Minority Status, Cumulative Disadvantage, And Health Consequences, Leslie E. Sapon

Silicon Valley Notebook

Health disparities between minorities and non-minorities in the United States were explored using secondary data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n=37,869) and supplemented by interviews with eight knowledgeable professionals. Effects of cumulative disadvantage (resources and social stability) on health status were different for minorities and non-minorities. The findings were supported by Berger’s expectation states theory and Cockerham’s Health Lifestyle, grounded in Durkheim and Merton’s theories of integration and added to the body of literature on minority health inequalities.

Health Implications Of Violent Crime Victimization And Resources, Emily Szabelski

Silicon Valley Notebook

This study explored the health consequences of violent crime. Experiences from a subset of 1059 violence victims who responded to the 2010 National Crime Victimization Survey were examined to consider factors that may affect poorer health outcomes for some victims. Supported by Agnew’s Strain Theory, regression analysis found that victims who required medical attention, had weapons used in the attacks, and had close relationship with the attacker experienced more mental and physical health problems. Findings about these “strains” contributed to the body of literature on the victimology of violent crimes. Ten professionals, who were interviewed for this study, emphasized that …

Race Differences In Youths’ Attitudes Towards Arming Teachers: Investigating The Role Of Procedural Justice, Faraneh Shamserad

Theses

Over the course of the last two decades, anxiety over school shootings has continued to influence school safety reform. Due to prominent news coverage and growing fear over school shootings, school securitization in American public schools has expanded to include the arming of schoolteachers. While supporters advocate for the need to arm schoolteachers, little is known about the level of support the policy receives from the very people it is intended to protect - students. Although research examining students’ perceptions of school security is scant, existing research suggests that target-hardening measures may be counterproductive and that there are racial differences …

2019 Annual Report, University Of Maine School Of Law

Clinic Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Applied Sciences Unveils Online Master Of Criminal Justice Option, Sarah Sapp

University of Mississippi News

New flexible course delivery method improves accessibility to advanced degree for working adults

Covid-19 In Prisons And Jails In The United States, Laura Hawks, Steffie Woolhander, Danny Mccormick

Publications and Research

In mid-March 2020, the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was diagnosed at Riker’s Island, the main jail complex in New York City. Within 2 weeks,more than 200 cases were diagnosed within the facility, despite efforts to curb the spread.The situation at the Cook County jail in Chicago is similar, with about 350 incarcerated persons and staff members testing positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as of early April 2020. Many other jails and prisons have reported outbreaks of COVID-19 and related deaths.

Prior viral epidemics have wrought havoc in carceral settings. An account …

Family Secrets And Relational Privacy: Protecting Not-So-Personal, Sensitive Information From Public Disclosure, J. Lyn Entrikin

University of Miami Law Review

This Article seeks to map contemporary relational privacy issues in the context of the evolving “right of privacy” in the United States. Generally, the Article explains why the so-called “personal” right of informational privacy, whatever its legal foundations, cannot be realistically confined to an individual right given the dramatic scientific and technological developments in the twenty-first century. In particular, the Article proposes that both state and federal law must grapple with the inherently relational nature of privacy interests with respect to DNA profiles, which inherently implicate the privacy interests of one’s biological relatives, whether known or unknown.

Part I summarizes …

2020-04-28 Daily Unm Global Health Covid-19 Briefing, Christophe G. Lambert, Shawn Stoicu, Lori D. Sloane, Susan Atlas, Anastasiya Nestsiarovich, Praveen Kumar, Nicolas Lauve, Kathryn Foos, Emma Wolinsky, Melissa Cossé, Jenny Situ, Susie Pham, Jennifer Thompson, Fiona Nguyen, Ryen Ormesher, Avanika Mahajan, Timothy Campbell, Lynnmarie Jarratt, Samantha Paltrow-Krulwich, Alyse Raboff, Stephen Esguerra, Lauren Tagliaferro Epler, Ariel Hurwitz, Alexandra Yingling, Clinton Onyango, Perez Olewe, Cristian Bologa, Jens Langsjoen, Orrin Myers, Douglas J. Perkins

HSC Covid 19 Briefings

Executive Summary:

NM case update. NM antibody testing. Las Cruces essential worker screening. Small business closure inequity. More jobless benefits. Santa Fe furloughs. NM Funeral homes prepared. NM oil sector hit. State-by-state restrictions/reopenings. US testing expansion. JAMA on prisons. NY reopening focus. Farmers euthanizing animals. New Zealand success. Stockholm herd immunity. UK worst-hit in Europe. Japanese island lockdown. Spain multi-phase plan. Economic damage lockdown duration. Oil price impacts. Aerosol intubation box. Family cluster transmission. US contact tracing lacking. Chinese tracing system. Early US deaths undercounted. More poison center calls. Homeless shelter infection. Reduced coronary syndrome admissions. Italian predicted model. GIS …

Sodomy Laws In France: How The 1791 French Penal Code Decriminalized Sodomy Without The Will Of The People, Serena Johnson

Young Historians Conference

In 1791, homosexual acts became legal between two consenting adults in France. To understand how progressive this legislation was, it is important to consider how much later other Western countries decriminalized same-sex sexual acts, termed sodomy: Italy in 1890, Denmark in 1933, the United Kingdom in 1982, and the United States in 2003. Generally speaking, Western countries generated very little legislative acceptance of homosexuality until the twentieth century, when changes in the law mirrored the broadening social acceptance towards the gay community. So one must ask: Why was France so ahead of the curve in terms of acceptance towards homosexuality? …

Surviving A Batterer: An Ideal Policy Approach To Combating Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv), Samantha Molisee-Sherman

Featured Research

Gender violence has plagued developed and developing societies for centuries, embedded in culture, structures, and ways of life. Women have been seen as pieces of property with no autonomy or individualism, just as extensions of their husbands. My research centers around finding an ideal policy solution to diminish rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the case of California. Interviews and data collection with legislators concerning education, rehabilitation or batterer intervention programs (BIP), and care providers in emergency shelters regarding victims’ services provided insight on a three-pronged approach targeted at curbing rates of IPV in California. My findings yielded that …

Bucklew V. Precythe'S Return To The Original Meaning Of "Unusual": Prohibiting Extensive Delays On Death Row, Jacob Leon

Cleveland State Law Review

The Supreme Court, in Bucklew v. Precythe, provided an originalist interpretation of the term “unusual” in the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This originalist interpretation asserted that the word “unusual” proscribes punishments that have “long fallen out of use.” To support its interpretation, the Supreme Court cited John Stinneford’s well-known law review article The Original Meaning of “Unusual”: The Eighth Amendment as a Bar to Cruel Innovation. This Article, as Bucklew did, accepts Stinneford’s interpretation of the word “unusual” as correct. Under Stinneford’s interpretation, the term “unusual” is a legal term of art derived from eighteenth-century …

When And How Does Law Effectively Reduce The Practice Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting?, Josephine Wouango, Susan L. Ostermann, Daniel Mwanga

Reproductive Health

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is recognized globally as carrying risks to both the physical and psychological health of girls and women and is widely considered a violation of human rights. An estimated 200 million girls and women in 30 countries have undergone FGM/C and as many as 30 million girls younger than 15 years of age are at risk. A common policy response to FGM/C is to call for the enactment and enforcement of criminal prohibitions on the practice. Yet, compliance with laws is complex: it can be motivated and undercut by moral, social, religious, and incentive-based factors. The study …

Land Of The Free, If You Can Afford It: Reforming Mayor's Courts In Ohio, Lucia Lopez-Hisijos

Cleveland State Law Review

Unlike most states in America, Ohio has a unique system of punishing minor misdemeanors and ordinance violations through municipal institutions called mayor’s courts. In 2017, Ohio had 295 of these courts, and they heard nearly 300,000 cases. But these are not normal courts. Ohio’s mayor’s courts do not conduct ability to pay hearings and can jail defendants who fail to pay court fines. With the author’s original research into Ohio’s mayor’s courts, this Note argues that these institutions can function like modern-day debtor’s prisons and violate indigent defendants’ constitutional right to Due Process. Ultimately, this Note proposes a model bill …

“Stealing Conflicts” No More?: The Gaps And Anti-Restorative Elements In States’ Restorative-Justice Laws, Lynn Branham

Saint Louis University Law Journal

This Article first profiles key findings emanating from a statutory analysis of the close to two hundred criminal-justice-related, as well as juvenile-justice-related, statutory provisions in the United States that pertain to restorative justice and practices (RJ/RP). This section of the Article unveils significant gaps and other substantial problems in states’ restorative-justice laws, including ways in which some of them conflict with core restorative tenets. The Article then proffers seven recommended statutory provisions for states’ consideration when enacting or amending their own RJ/RP laws. These recommended provisions, combined with fidelity in their implementation, would help remedy or avert the gaps and …

Social Research (Soc 3070) Final Research Project, Jurgita Abromaviciute, Emily K. Carian

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

This article describes a final research project for use in social research and/or sociology methods courses. The assessment is based in principles of project-based, cooperative, and process-oriented learning. The article includes a summary of the pedagogical frameworks that guide the assessment; a description of the assessment; instructions, rubrics, and materials for use in the classroom; and a plan for instructors to evaluate the effectiveness of the assessment.

Four Sociology-Criminology Students Inducted Into Alpha Phi Sigma, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Understanding Body-Worn Camera Diffusion In U.S. Policing, Justin Nix, Natalie Todak, Brandon Tregle

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

By 2016, approximately one half of American police agencies had adopted body-worn cameras (BWCs). Although a growing body of research has examined the impact of BWCs on outcomes such as use of force, complaints, and perceptions of police, few have considered how and why some agencies adopted BWCs, while others have not. With guidance from the diffusion of innovations paradigm, this study explores variation in BWC adoption by police agencies. Drawing on a survey administered to a national probability sample of 665 municipal police executives in the spring of 2018, we found agency size, region, and the demographic composition of …

Millions Displaced Tomorrow: A New Framework For Climate Migrants, Connor J. Lynch

Honors Theses

Millions of people are finding their livelihoods and security threatened as the effects of climate change intensify around the world. Migration as a response to the continuing ecological crisis is often the only pathway to safety. However, the future of such migrants is uncertain given the lack of mechanisms and systems to provide legal inclusion for displaced populations. In this paper, I challenge the existing international frameworks and point out the inadequacies in protecting victims of climate migration. To address these shortcomings, I suggest a new framework consisting of three features: systematic use of technology and data to determine populations …

“When You’Re Done … You’Re Still Part Of Our Family”: An Exploration Of Gendered Scripts And Relationships In Prison Reentry Programs, Ruth Schultz

Honors Theses

Historically, the criminal justice system has been primarily composed of men; this lack of diversity led services to see offenders as an almost genderless category. The demographics of the criminal justice system has greatly changed, however. In 1990 there were 43,845 women under the jurisdiction of state and correctional authorities in the US (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995). As mass incarceration took hold in the United States, this population more than doubled; by 2017 the number of incarcerated women grew to 111, 360 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2019). Mass incarceration has led to an increase in rehabilitative programs and as …

Teaching In A Total Institution: Toward A Pedagogy Of Care In Prison Classrooms, Lauren J. Wolf

Journal of Prison Education and Reentry (2014-2023)

This paper argues that a pedagogy of care can help reduce some of the human damage caused by incarceration. Rather than casting incarcerated men and women outside of the moral community and turning prisoners into a “them,” a pedagogy of care promotes inclusion and the creation of human connections. Recognizing prisoners’ humanity helps to dissolve some of the effects of institutionalization and may foster rehabilitation. Instead of limiting teachers to providers of information, as a traditional classroom expects, a pedagogy of care elevates teachers to human constituents of a learning community. This paper outlines a pedagogy of care in the …

The Impact On The O.J. Simpson Verdict, Danielle Grenon

Academic Festival

Media, although a popular tool in our day in age, used to provide the world with information, can have a positive effect by informing those with facts, or a negative effect due to the spread of exaggerated and irrelevant news. The coverage of the media lured the world to stop in time and watch the O.J. Simpson case unravel. The presence of live recordings added pressure to those in the courtroom and made them do unspeakable things to get people on their side. The media allowed the prosecutors and the defendants to directly and indirectly sabotage each other. Particulars would …

Is Restorative Justice Possible In The United States?, Alexandra Myers

Academic Festival

America is regarded as a guide for many aspects of society. One major area that we, as a country, have failed at is our prison system. Not only does America bear the title of having the highest incarceration rate in the world, but we also have a recidivism rate that demonstrates the ineffectiveness of our system. Recidivism refers to the reincarceration of a criminal. Our current ideology surrounding the purpose of prison is to punish someone for an act they have committed against society and themselves. Other countries have a vastly different philosophy regarding the purpose of prison, more commonly …

Euthanasia, Sabrina Didiano

Academic Festival

This paper talk discusses several factors of Euthanasia. First, the definition of euthanasia and the different types of euthanasia will be addressed. Next, the term "terminally ill" will be defined and explained. Then, I will touch on the psychological aspect of euthanasia, as it is a big part of this process. There was a widespread use of euthanasia in both Belgium and the Netherlands which was included and discussed in this paper. Two other aspects of euthanasia are the ethical and legal role. Furthermore, I will be discussing if it is ethical and the legality of the process. Lastly, I …

The Nature And Future Of The Hong Kong Protests Of 2019, Kenneth Mcdougal

Academic Festival

An analysis of the Economic and Political History of Hong Kong: Resulting in the Social Political Movements of 2019.

Closing The Revolving Door: Mental Illness Within The Criminal Justice System, Kylee Harvey

Academic Festival

Individuals with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the United States’ criminal justice system. Consequently, this overrepresentation creates problems for the correctional system that translates into problems within society as well. The environment of the correctional system, in which treatment and rehabilitation are not a high priority, is not suitable for the mentally ill and creates further complications for such individuals. Lack of community-based support for the mentally ill as a result of deinstitutionalization commonly leads to a repeated cycle of incarceration, release, and rearrest often referred to as the “revolving door” phenomenon. Jail diversion strategies, which seek to divert the …

The Effects Of Texture And Temperature On Disgust Ratings For A Common Fruit, Carah D. Porter, Lydia Burnett, Kassidy Reneau, Mel Mcintosh

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Researchers were interested in whether feelings of disgust towards food were impacted by specific textures and temperatures. Using apple products, participants were given puree, sauce, and slices served at a warm or cold temperature. 73 students (8 males and 65 females) with a mean age of 19 participated. A 3X2 mixed-subjects design was used, with texture as the within-subject factor and temperature as between. Results showed a main effect of texture F(2,138) = 24.802, p < .001, η2= .264. A post hoc test showed a significant difference between puree and slices, with puree being more disgusting, and between sauce and slices, with sauce being more disgusting. Additionally, there was a main effect of temperature F(1,69) = 6.444, p=.013, η2= .085, with warm products rated as more disgusting. Finally, there was a significant interaction between texture and temperature F(2,138) = 8.203, p < .001, η2=.106, such that, for both puree and slices, disgust ratings were higher in the warm condition. However, temperature did not significantly impact ratings of the sauce. Overall, findings show that participants’ disgust ratings when consuming foods are impacted by both the texture and the temperature of the food. This knowledge could help individuals incorporate healthier foods into their diets.

Honor And The Code Of Silence, Michaela Sallade

KUCC -- Kutztown University Composition Conference

This work is about law enforcement and the code of silence some officers that take part in it. There are three reasons behind officers following this code is due to the influence of the police academy, their fellow police officers, and the police union. Then going over how honor influences these officers becoming a part of the code of silence as well. The code of silence is a problem in the United States that is leading to officers getting away with crimes.

Community Psychology's Impact On Public Health And The Experience Of Marginalization, Katie Hudick

Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics

Vulnerable and marginalized populations face a series of risks and dangers throughout their daily lives. This is not simply limited to explicit forms of discrimination and hatred, but systemic forms of oppression and discrimination which limit those not belonging to more privileged and affluent socioeconomic or sociocultural groups. Community psychology operates as a means of analyzing how environmental and social factors impact specific demographic groups within a larger population and by extension the experience of mental health specific to these groups (Townley, Brown, & Sylvestre, 2018). In the application of this field, it is critical to understand the dynamics of …

Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation, Honors College

Honors Convocation

The Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation Awards Program for Spring 2020, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.

Perceptions & Stereotypes Of Female Sex Offenders, Gabriela Roggy, Sarah Ritter, Laura King

2020 Undergraduate Research Showcase

For generations, sexual abuse has been viewed as a silent crime as it is often kept a secret. In 2018, the NCVS estimates there were 734,640 incidents of sexual assault in the U.S. but only 24.9% of those were reported to police. Official statistics indicate that most sex offenders are male, but these statistics include only offenses reported to the officials. Research indicates that sexual offenses committed by females do occur though they are rarely reported to authorities because of gender stereotypes and other factors. Gender has a large influence on perceptions and attitudes about who can be a perpetrator. …