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2020

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A Transdiagnostic Perspective Of Constructs Underlying Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders: An International Delphi Consensus Study, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Erin Oldenhof, Maria Eduarda Moreira-De-Oliveira, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Martin M. Antony, Danielle Cath, Adrian Carter, Darin D. Dougherty, Ygor A. Ferrao, Martijn Figee, Ben J. Harrison, Marcelo Hoexter, Jun Soo Kwon, Anne Küelz, Luisa Lazaro, Christine Lochner, Donatella Marazziti, David Mataix-Cols, Dean Mckay, Euripedes C. Miguel, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Steffen Mortiz, Gerald Nestadt, Kieron O'Connor, Stefano Pallanti, Christine Purdon, Scott Rauch, Peggy Richter, Jean-Yves Rotge, Roseli G. Shavitt, Carles Soriano-Mas, Vladan Starcevic, Dan J. Stein, Gail Steketee, Eric A. Storch, Steven Taylor, Odile A. Van Den Heuvel, David Veale, Douglas W. Woods, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Murat Yucel Jul 2020

A Transdiagnostic Perspective Of Constructs Underlying Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders: An International Delphi Consensus Study, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Erin Oldenhof, Maria Eduarda Moreira-De-Oliveira, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Martin M. Antony, Danielle Cath, Adrian Carter, Darin D. Dougherty, Ygor A. Ferrao, Martijn Figee, Ben J. Harrison, Marcelo Hoexter, Jun Soo Kwon, Anne Küelz, Luisa Lazaro, Christine Lochner, Donatella Marazziti, David Mataix-Cols, Dean Mckay, Euripedes C. Miguel, Sharon Morein-Zamir, Steffen Mortiz, Gerald Nestadt, Kieron O'Connor, Stefano Pallanti, Christine Purdon, Scott Rauch, Peggy Richter, Jean-Yves Rotge, Roseli G. Shavitt, Carles Soriano-Mas, Vladan Starcevic, Dan J. Stein, Gail Steketee, Eric A. Storch, Steven Taylor, Odile A. Van Den Heuvel, David Veale, Douglas W. Woods, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Murat Yucel

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Methods:

Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited …


The Lead, July 2020, Lindenwood University Jul 2020

The Lead, July 2020, Lindenwood University

The Lead

The Lead is an electronic newsletter produced by the Lindenwood College of Education & Human Services.


Wellness And Coping Of Residents In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Christine M. Larson Jul 2020

Wellness And Coping Of Residents In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Christine M. Larson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Depression is common among older adults in long-term care (LTC) facilities. As many as 50%-80% of residents will experience depressive symptoms or have a diagnosis of depression. Depression increases the risk of poor health-related outcomes in older adults. A review of the literature suggests that early intervention using movement-based techniques decreases the risk for depression and improves depressive symptoms. This scholarly project aimed to reduce the risk of depression of residents in an LTC located in a suburban area in Midwestern United States. The LTC facility and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) student implemented the Chair One Fitness program …


An Exploration Of Adolescent Behaviors Following Permanent Parental Separation, Michelle Marie Geiser Jul 2020

An Exploration Of Adolescent Behaviors Following Permanent Parental Separation, Michelle Marie Geiser

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Adolescent development relies on the integration of experiences to support positive youth outcomes. Supportive environments and social supports reduce dangerous risk-taking behaviors, which threaten healthy development. Findings from previous studies have underscored the critical role of attachment in maladaptive behaviors. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research study was to explore adolescent perceptions of the experience of permanent separation from parental guardians and the perceived impact on behavior. A key focus was on understand the meaning of parental loss through separation in youth by investigating the lived experiences and perceptions of adolescents in permanent foster care through the Department of …


A Patient-Centred, Comprehensive Model For The Care For Heart Failure: The 360° Heart Failure Centre, Ilia G Halatchev, Jay R Mcdonald, Wen-Chin Wu Jul 2020

A Patient-Centred, Comprehensive Model For The Care For Heart Failure: The 360° Heart Failure Centre, Ilia G Halatchev, Jay R Mcdonald, Wen-Chin Wu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


Agency And Contemporary Recording Production, Eliot Bates Jul 2020

Agency And Contemporary Recording Production, Eliot Bates

Publications and Research

Recording production is a complex, multistep, typically collaborative process that entails a shifting set of individuals inhabiting changing roles within spaces that house consider­ able amounts of specialized technology. As these roles and technologies feature promi­ nently in the aesthetics of Anglophone and Francophone popular music, they have been studied within such milieus for the longest period. This scholarship tends to understand the creative act as either the result of a prominent individual or something determined by the technologies used within studios. However, recent ethnomusicological scholarship has shown it is much more difficult to clearly situate agency within recording production, …


Annual Report, 2019-2020, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Office Of The Vice Chancellor For Research And Innovation Jun 2020

Annual Report, 2019-2020, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Office Of The Vice Chancellor For Research And Innovation

Research and Innovation Annual Report

No abstract provided.


Echo: The Life Issue, Summer 2020, Columbia College Chicago Jun 2020

Echo: The Life Issue, Summer 2020, Columbia College Chicago

Echo

Student-produced magazine formerly published as Chicago Arts and Communication, changed to Echo magazine in 1997. Articles: When I Grow Up, Life During the Pandemic, Gree Burials: In Harmony with Nature, Letters to Death Row, Beauty in Rust, Success Without College, Black Lives Matter, Activists 2020 Wishlist, I Felt Invincible-Until I Wasn't, Child-Free by Choice, Surviving Suicide, My Reading with a Medium, How Tarot Readings Can Change Your Life. 76 pages.


What We Know About Pandemics And The Stress They Cause, Anita Barbee Jun 2020

What We Know About Pandemics And The Stress They Cause, Anita Barbee

Other QIC-WD Products

Pandemics are not new, but they significantly impact how we work, socialize, and manage our health. This can be especially difficult for those in the helping professions for whom face-to-face contact and travel are part of their daily routine. This blog post explains what a pandemic is and the stress that it causes. What is a Pandemic? When the spread of a disease escalates, it can become a pandemic, affecting a wide geographical area and a significant portion of the population. Pandemics are marked by uncertainty, confusion, and a sense of urgency which may be exacerbated by the inundation of …


The Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Pilot Program Designed To Enhance Wellbeing Through Self-Identified, Debra M. Sellers, Naomi R. Meinertz Jun 2020

The Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of A Pilot Program Designed To Enhance Wellbeing Through Self-Identified, Debra M. Sellers, Naomi R. Meinertz

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an introductory and interdisciplinary program to increase participants’ knowledge and awareness of wellbeing and intention to implement self-identified lifestyle changes. “Wellness and Wellbeing: What About Me?” was a University Extension pilot program that was designed to introduce wellbeing as a multidimensional construct. The program was delivered by Extension professionals in 14 sites across Iowa. Program evaluation consisted of a post-program assessment at the end of the seven-week series. The majority of the 115 post-program survey respondents were female, ranging in age from 22-88 years. Almost all survey respondents (89%) reported learning something …


Working With People With Disabilities: An Interactive Video/Lecture Session For First- And Second-Year Medical Students., Sandra L Hearn, Pamela J Hearn Jun 2020

Working With People With Disabilities: An Interactive Video/Lecture Session For First- And Second-Year Medical Students., Sandra L Hearn, Pamela J Hearn

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction: Negative physician attitudes toward people with disabilities create barriers to health care for these individuals. Barriers can include withholding of standard medical and preventive care, provision of inferior treatment, and patient mistrust of the health care system. Thus, preparing medical students to care for people with disabilities is especially important. Educating health care providers early in their careers can shape their interactions while their approach to patients is still deliberate.

Methods: We developed an interactive introductory session for first- and second-year medical students on how to approach individuals with observable disability in clinical settings. In the session, we explored-through …


Which Conditions Should Be Considered As Disorders In The International Classification Of Diseases (Icd-11) Designation Of "Other Specified Disorders Due To Addictive Behaviors"?, Matthia Brand, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Zsolt Demetrovics, Astrid Müller, Rudolf Stark, Daniel L. King, Anna E. Goudriaan, Karl Mann, Patrick Trotzke, Naomi A. Fineberg, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Shane W. Kraus, Elisa Wegmann, Joël Billieux, Marc N. Potenza Jun 2020

Which Conditions Should Be Considered As Disorders In The International Classification Of Diseases (Icd-11) Designation Of "Other Specified Disorders Due To Addictive Behaviors"?, Matthia Brand, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Zsolt Demetrovics, Astrid Müller, Rudolf Stark, Daniel L. King, Anna E. Goudriaan, Karl Mann, Patrick Trotzke, Naomi A. Fineberg, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Shane W. Kraus, Elisa Wegmann, Joël Billieux, Marc N. Potenza

Psychology Faculty Research

Background: Gambling and gaming disorders have been included as “disorders due to addictive behaviors” in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Other problematic behaviors may be considered as “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors (6C5Y).” Methods: Narrative review, experts' opinions. Results: We suggest the following meta-level criteria for considering potential addictive behaviors as fulfilling the category of “other specified disorders due to addictive behaviors”: 1. Clinical relevance: Empirical evidence from multiple scientific studies demonstrates that the specific potential addictive behavior is clinically relevant and individuals experience negative consequences and functional impairments in daily life due to the problematic and …


Managing Stress While Working From Home During The Pandemic: Strategies For Self-Care, Andrew Winters Jun 2020

Managing Stress While Working From Home During The Pandemic: Strategies For Self-Care, Andrew Winters

Other QIC-WD Products

Stress is often driven by feeling a lack of control over things you once had control over. This lack of control can create feelings of anxiety, depression, and even anger. This blog post highlights some elements of self-care that can help you stay present and regain a sense of control where you can. Manage your newsfeed How much information are you consuming about the pandemic? Too much news can add to your stress. Try to minimize your consumption of news about the outbreak to once a day, preferably in print format (e.g. magazines, newspapers) and limit your exposure to media …


Remap Numbered Heads Together (Remap-Nht) Influence On Collaboration Skill Of Students In Biology Lesson, Husna Nur Wanah, Siti Zubaidah, Hendra Susanto Jun 2020

Remap Numbered Heads Together (Remap-Nht) Influence On Collaboration Skill Of Students In Biology Lesson, Husna Nur Wanah, Siti Zubaidah, Hendra Susanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

21st century skills are not only developing individual abilities but need to increase supporting skills, one of which is collaboration skills. This study aims to see the effect of the REMAP NHT learning model on collaboration skills of class XI students in Biology subjects. The research design was quasi experiment with the nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was all students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 4 Malang and the sample was 3 out of 7 classes selected through the equivalence test. Each of the three classes is taught using the NHT Remap, NHT, and lecture methods, …


Psychometrics Of The Expected Knowledge (Ekhp) And The Received Knowledge Of Hospital Patients (Rkhp) Instruments, Saija Inkeroinen, Helena Leino-Kilpi, Jouko Katajisto, Riitta Suhonen, Kirsi Valkeapää, Esther Cabrera, Andreas Charalambous, Natalja Fatkulina, Á. Sigurðardóttir, Panagiota Sourtzi, Adelaida Zabalegui Jun 2020

Psychometrics Of The Expected Knowledge (Ekhp) And The Received Knowledge Of Hospital Patients (Rkhp) Instruments, Saija Inkeroinen, Helena Leino-Kilpi, Jouko Katajisto, Riitta Suhonen, Kirsi Valkeapää, Esther Cabrera, Andreas Charalambous, Natalja Fatkulina, Á. Sigurðardóttir, Panagiota Sourtzi, Adelaida Zabalegui

General Submissions: Presentations (Oral and Poster)

Empowering patient education is crucial for patients with health problems, and its importance is acknowledged in international strategies (European Commission, 2017; World Health Organization, 2013). In patient education, received knowledge corresponding to expected knowledge seems to support empowerment of patients. To evaluate the empowerment in patient education, instruments are needed. Therefore, the Expected Knowledge of Hospital Patients (EKhp) and the Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients (RKhp) were developed (Klemetti et al., 2015; Rankinen et al., 2007).

Objective of this study was to evaluate psychometrics of the EKhp and the RKhp with international data to enable international use of the instruments.


Female Identity And Sexuality In Contemporary Indonesian Novels, Zita Rarastesa Jun 2020

Female Identity And Sexuality In Contemporary Indonesian Novels, Zita Rarastesa

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This project focuses on female characters’ identity and sexuality in four contemporary Indonesian novels, selected based on historical settings highly significant to the discussion. First, The Girl from the Coast (2002) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer takes place during Dutch colonialization, and the second, The Dancer (1982) by Ahmad Tohari, during the transition of power from President Soekarno to General Suharto, a period when the Indonesian Communist Party was still active. Durga/Umayi (2004) by Y. B. Mangunwijaya and Saman, a Novel (1998) by Ayu Utami both take place during the New Order era when Suharto was president of Indonesia.

The project’s …


Social Services Cases, Maria Hervada-Page, Mms Jun 2020

Social Services Cases, Maria Hervada-Page, Mms

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Learning Objectives

  • Understand common Social Work referrals and possible solutions
  • Understand the roles of the members of our team
  • Understand the basics of insurance
  • Basic community resources


Benefits Of Palliative Care In The Intensive Care Unit, Stephen Swenson, Stephen M. Swenson Jun 2020

Benefits Of Palliative Care In The Intensive Care Unit, Stephen Swenson, Stephen M. Swenson

Nursing Masters Papers

Abstract

The use of palliative care is often overlooked until the terminal phase of serious illness when life-prolonging interventions are deemed futile and death is considered imminent.

Alongside the well regarded Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care (National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care, 2018), numerous critical care societies including the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (Medina & Puntillo, 2006), American College of Critical Care Medicine (Davidson et al., 2008), American College of Chest Physicians (Selecky et al., 2005), American College of Surgeons (2017), and the American Thoracic Society (Lanken et al., 2007) have each published individual policies highlighting …


Doctoral Program Design Based On Technology-Based Situated Learning And Mentoring: A Comparison Of Part-Time And Full-Time Doctoral Students, Shaoan Zhang, Chengcheng Li, Mark Carroll, P. G. Schrader Jun 2020

Doctoral Program Design Based On Technology-Based Situated Learning And Mentoring: A Comparison Of Part-Time And Full-Time Doctoral Students, Shaoan Zhang, Chengcheng Li, Mark Carroll, P. G. Schrader

Teaching and Learning Faculty Research

Aim/Purpose: Most programs are designed with full-time doctoral students’ characteristics and needs in mind; few programs consider the unique needs of part-time doctoral students, including time restrictions, experiences during the program, identity development, and different professional aspirations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students in their scholarly development, and how technology may serve as a communication and organization tool for individual and program support. Background: Built on the application of communities of practice, information and communication technology, and situated learning theory, this study sought to evaluate the potential differences among …


Latina Daughters And Their Caregiving Roles, Denise A. Longoria, Nelda Rodriguez, John M. Gonzalez, Romeo Escobar Jun 2020

Latina Daughters And Their Caregiving Roles, Denise A. Longoria, Nelda Rodriguez, John M. Gonzalez, Romeo Escobar

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

Responsibilities and cultural expectations can be somewhat different for Latino males and females. In general, males are expected to be more independent and dominant while females are expected to be more nurturing [1, 2]. Similar to other populations, caregiving for elderly relatives has traditionally been a role adopted by women in Latino cultures [3]. Furthermore, first-born or oldest Latinas are sometimes expected to take on the role of caregiver with younger siblings and/or aging parents [4]. McDermott and Mendez-Luck [5] found that this caregiving role was often cultivated at an early age through a continuous, formal and informal socialization process …


Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Strategi Koping Masyarakat Yang Tinggal Berdampingan Dengan Penderita Skizofrenia, Retno Lestari, Ah Yusuf, Rachmat Hargono, Febri Endra Budi Setyawan, Ahsan Ahsan Jun 2020

Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Strategi Koping Masyarakat Yang Tinggal Berdampingan Dengan Penderita Skizofrenia, Retno Lestari, Ah Yusuf, Rachmat Hargono, Febri Endra Budi Setyawan, Ahsan Ahsan

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

The increasing number of patients with schizophrenia in the community requires positive support from all parties so that they can be more productive and independent. Stigma and discrimination that are still prevalent become the biggest obstacles to the community coping strategies in responding to the presence of patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the coping strategies of people living side by side with patients with schizophrenia. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was the people who live around patients with schizophrenia in the working …


1st Gulf Autism Conference: Muscat, Oman, 24–26 January 2020, Sultan Qaboos University Jun 2020

1st Gulf Autism Conference: Muscat, Oman, 24–26 January 2020, Sultan Qaboos University

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

No abstract provided.


The Effects Of Service-Learning On The Moral Development Of College Students, Mike Coquyt Jun 2020

The Effects Of Service-Learning On The Moral Development Of College Students, Mike Coquyt

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

In the last few years, several national reports on higher education have called for colleges and universities to take a more central role in providing moral and democratic education to college students. These developments suggest a renewed interest in collegiate goals that go beyond those that benefit the individual, continuing an emphasis in addressing the moral dimension of higher education that has existed for centuries. Courses with a service-learning component can be a powerful instrument for moral transformation. Working within Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory, this 16-week quasi-experimental case study investigated the extent to which service-learning advances moral development (movement from …


“Saved To Citizenship”: The Rhetoric Of Delinquency And Industriousness In The New York Catholic Protectory, 1902-1911, Lucas Joshua Hann Jun 2020

“Saved To Citizenship”: The Rhetoric Of Delinquency And Industriousness In The New York Catholic Protectory, 1902-1911, Lucas Joshua Hann

Theses - ALL

In recent years, rhetorical scholars have been increasingly interested in questions of borders and citizenship. Scholars such as J. David Cisneros, Karma Chávez, Lisa Flores, and D. Robert DeChaine have tended to contemporary struggles at the southern U.S. border, while others, such as Jeffrey Bennett and Robert Asen, have articulated theories of citizenship that are tied to notions of belonging. To complement this ongoing work in the field, there is a need for additional historic work that seeks to understand the underpinnings of contemporary debates. In this thesis, I argue that the New York Catholic Protectory, in its mission to …


Exploring Teachers’ Understandings Of School-Based Professional Learning In A Tanzanian Secondary School, Rehema J. Mwakabenga,, Sally Elizabeth Hansen Associate Professor, Alison Sewell Jun 2020

Exploring Teachers’ Understandings Of School-Based Professional Learning In A Tanzanian Secondary School, Rehema J. Mwakabenga,, Sally Elizabeth Hansen Associate Professor, Alison Sewell

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Teachers can positively engage in professional learning if they are knowledgeable about its processes and the roles they can play in it. However, teachers often lack a clear understanding of what constitutes effective professional learning practices and they are often unsupported to engage in it. This paper reports on part of a larger study that explored Tanzanian teachers’ understandings of professional learning prior to participating in a school-based professional learning (SBPL) model. This teacher-led model of professional learning supported four secondary school teachers to engage in a professional learning inquiry based on the needs of their students. Qualitative research methods, …


Validation Of The Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (Pse) Among Cassava Farmers In Tanzania, Fatihiya Ally Massawe, Fatihiya Ally Massawe, Amani Angumbwike Mwakalapuka Jun 2020

Validation Of The Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (Pse) Among Cassava Farmers In Tanzania, Fatihiya Ally Massawe, Fatihiya Ally Massawe, Amani Angumbwike Mwakalapuka

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper validated the Perceived Self-Efficacy (PSE) scale as a measurement tool for farmers’ self-efficacy. From the social cognitive theory, self-efficacy is the key determinant of many social-cognitive behaviours, including the adoption of farming technologies. In this paper, PSE was adopted and tested in a two-stage study among cassava farmers in Mara, Mwanza, and Kagera regions of Tanzania. In the first stage, 200 respondents in Serengeti District of Mara region were exposed to the 13 items of PSE scale, while in the second the adopted tool with 11 items was administered to a total of 360 participants in Mara, Mwanza, …


Bibliotherapy And Reduction Of Examination Anxiety Among Undergraduates Students Of Faculty Of Education, University Of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Andrew Oshiotse Okwilagwe Professor, Francisca Uloaku Maswell Miss Jun 2020

Bibliotherapy And Reduction Of Examination Anxiety Among Undergraduates Students Of Faculty Of Education, University Of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Andrew Oshiotse Okwilagwe Professor, Francisca Uloaku Maswell Miss

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

This study investigated bibliotherapy as factor if influencing examination anxiety of undergraduate students of Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design of Expost type. The study population of 1,557 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Education from which a total of 311 undergraduate students were selected from Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria adopting the systematic random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. It consists of 47 questions arranged in three sections. Simple percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation were used …


Accountable Policing: Policies To Advance The Personal Safety Of Black Boys And Young Men, Robert Motley Jun 2020

Accountable Policing: Policies To Advance The Personal Safety Of Black Boys And Young Men, Robert Motley

Center for Social Development Research

The policies and practices that perpetuate the continual, unjust murder of Black males by the nation’s law-enforcement professionals have gone unchanged for far too long. This Brief Report from HomeGrown StL provides local, state, and federal policymakers with concrete, evidence-based policy recommendations for building an equitable, transparent, and accountable public-safety approach that will serve and protect all.


Social Work And The Future Of Policing: Key Points For Changes In Policy And Practice, Michael Sherraden Jun 2020

Social Work And The Future Of Policing: Key Points For Changes In Policy And Practice, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

High-profile police violence and killings have prompted struggles to reconceptualize public order, safety and justice. As reform proposals emerge, this brief proposes key elements for new approach to public safety: an expanded professional partnership between police and social workers.


Discrimination Understories From Black Western Carolina, Early 1900 – 1980, Wilburn Hayden Jun 2020

Discrimination Understories From Black Western Carolina, Early 1900 – 1980, Wilburn Hayden

ASA Annual Conference

In this paper Critical Race Theory (CRT) is used not only to understand the past experiences of black Appalachians, but as a tool for creating strategies for future change. CRT positions racism as the key element driving black experiences within the Western Hemisphere, more particular Appalachia.1 It listens to the voices of black Appalachians through a lens of oppression and five barriersi that must be addressed for racial change. Racial change is seen simply, as increasing opportunities and quality of life for black people within an equitable society.