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2020

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Articles 30541 - 30558 of 30558

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Implications For Practice: Why Signposting Patients To The Pituitary Foundation Matters, Sue Jackson, Alyson Norman, Pat Mcbride, Pauline Whittingham Jan 2020

Implications For Practice: Why Signposting Patients To The Pituitary Foundation Matters, Sue Jackson, Alyson Norman, Pat Mcbride, Pauline Whittingham

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Unequal Variance Signal-Detection Model Of Recognition Memory: Investigating The Encoding Variability Hypothesis, Rory W. Spanton, Christopher J. Berry Jan 2020

The Unequal Variance Signal-Detection Model Of Recognition Memory: Investigating The Encoding Variability Hypothesis, Rory W. Spanton, Christopher J. Berry

School of Psychology

Despite the unequal variance signal-detection (UVSD) model’s prominence as a model of recognition memory, a psychological explanation for the unequal variance assumption has yet to be verified. According to the encoding variability hypothesis, old item memory strength variance (σo) is greater than that of new items because items are incremented by variable, rather than fixed, amounts of strength at encoding. Conditions that increase encoding variability should therefore result in greater estimates of σo. We conducted three experiments to test this prediction. In Experiment 1, encoding variability was manipulated by presenting items for a fixed or variable (normally distributed) duration at …

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Coronavirus (Covid-19) In The Uk: A Personality-Based Perspective On Concerns And Intention To Self-Isolate, Alison M. Bacon, Philip J. Corr Jan 2020

Coronavirus (Covid-19) In The Uk: A Personality-Based Perspective On Concerns And Intention To Self-Isolate, Alison M. Bacon, Philip J. Corr

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Aging Predicts Decline In Explicit And Implicit Memory: A Life-Span Study, Emma V. Ward, Christopher J. Berry, David R. Shanks, Petter L. Moller, Enida Czsiser Jan 2020

Aging Predicts Decline In Explicit And Implicit Memory: A Life-Span Study, Emma V. Ward, Christopher J. Berry, David R. Shanks, Petter L. Moller, Enida Czsiser

School of Psychology

Explicit memory declines with age, but age effects on implicit memory are debated. This issue is important because if implicit memory is age invariant, it may support effective interventions in individuals experiencing memory decline. In this study, we overcame several methodological issues in past research to clarify age effects on implicit memory (priming) and their relationship to explicit memory (recognition, source memory). We (a) recruited a large life-span sample of participants ( N = 1,072) during a residency at the Science Museum in London, (b) employed an implicit task that was unaffected by explicit contamination, and (c) systematically manipulated attention …

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Quantifying Sources Of Variability In Infancy Research Using The Infant-Directed-Speech Preference, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Klerk M De, Luche C Delle, Ld Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L.A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, Hamlin J Kiley, Ee Hannon, N Havron, J Hay, M Hernik, B Höhle, Dm Houston, Lh Howard, M Ishikawa, S Itakura, I Jackson, Kv Jakobsen, M Jarto, Sp Johnson, C Junge, D Karadag, N Kartushina, Dj Kellier, T Keren-Portnoy, K Klassen, M Kline, E-S Ko, Jf Kominsky, Je Kosie, He Kragness, Aar Krieger, F Krieger, J Lany, Rj Lazo, M Lee, C Leservoisier, C Levelt, C Lew-Williams, M Lippold, U Liszkowski, L Liu, Sg Luke, Ra Lundwall, Cassia V Macchi, N Mani Jan 2020

Quantifying Sources Of Variability In Infancy Research Using The Infant-Directed-Speech Preference, Michael C. Frank, Katherine Jane Alcock, Natalia Arias-Trejo, Gisa Aschersleben, Dare Baldwin, Stéphanie Barbu, Elika Bergelson, Christina Bergmann, Alexis K. Black, Ryan Blything, Maximilian P. Böhland, Petra Bolitho, Arielle Borovsky, Shannon M. Brady, Bettina Braun, Anna Brown, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Linda E. Campbell, Cara Cashon, Mihye Choi, Joan Christodoulou, Laura K. Cirelli, Stefania Conte, Sara Cordes, Christopher Cox, Alejandrina Cristia, Rhodri Cusack, Catherine Davies, Klerk M De, Luche C Delle, Ld Ruiter, Dhanya Dinakar, Kate C. Dixon, Virginie Durier, Samantha Durrant, Christopher Fennell, Brock Ferguson, Alissa Ferry, Paula Fikkert, Teresa Flanagan, Caroline Floccia, Megan Foley, Tom Fritzsche, Rebecca L.A. Frost, Anja Gampe, Judit Gervain, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anna Gupta, Laura E. Hahn, Hamlin J Kiley, Ee Hannon, N Havron, J Hay, M Hernik, B Höhle, Dm Houston, Lh Howard, M Ishikawa, S Itakura, I Jackson, Kv Jakobsen, M Jarto, Sp Johnson, C Junge, D Karadag, N Kartushina, Dj Kellier, T Keren-Portnoy, K Klassen, M Kline, E-S Ko, Jf Kominsky, Je Kosie, He Kragness, Aar Krieger, F Krieger, J Lany, Rj Lazo, M Lee, C Leservoisier, C Levelt, C Lew-Williams, M Lippold, U Liszkowski, L Liu, Sg Luke, Ra Lundwall, Cassia V Macchi, N Mani

School of Psychology

Psychological scientists have become increasingly concerned with issues related to methodology and replicability, and infancy researchers in particular face specific challenges related to replicability: For example, high-powered studies are difficult to conduct, testing conditions vary across labs, and different labs have access to different infant populations. Addressing these concerns, we report on a large-scale, multisite study aimed at (a) assessing the overall replicability of a single theoretically important phenomenon and (b) examining methodological, cultural, and developmental moderators. We focus on infants’ preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS). Stimuli of mothers speaking to their infants and to an …

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The Mcgill Face Database: Validation And Insights Into The Recognition Of Facial Expressions Of Complex Mental States, Gunnar Schmidtmann, Ben J. Jennings, Dasha A. Sandra, Jordan Pollock, Ian Gold Jan 2020

The Mcgill Face Database: Validation And Insights Into The Recognition Of Facial Expressions Of Complex Mental States, Gunnar Schmidtmann, Ben J. Jennings, Dasha A. Sandra, Jordan Pollock, Ian Gold

School of Health Professions

Current databases of facial expressions represent only a small subset of expressions, usually the basic emotions (fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness, and anger). To overcome these limitations, we introduce a database of pictures of facial expressions reflecting the richness of mental states. A total of 93 expressions of mental states were interpreted by two professional actors, and high-quality pictures were taken under controlled conditions in front and side view. The database was validated in two experiments. First, a four-alternative forced-choice paradigm was employed to test the ability to select a term associated with each expression. Second, the task was to …

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If Your Device Could Smile: People Trust Happy-Sounding Artificial Agents More, Ilaria Torre, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White Jan 2020

If Your Device Could Smile: People Trust Happy-Sounding Artificial Agents More, Ilaria Torre, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Perspective Taking As Virtual Navigation? Perceptual Simulation Of What Others See Reflects Their Location In Space But Not Their Gaze, Eleanor Ward, Giorgio Ganis, Katrina L. Mcdonough, Patric Bach Jan 2020

Perspective Taking As Virtual Navigation? Perceptual Simulation Of What Others See Reflects Their Location In Space But Not Their Gaze, Eleanor Ward, Giorgio Ganis, Katrina L. Mcdonough, Patric Bach

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Enhancing Creativity By Training Metacognitive Skills In Mental Imagery, Jon May, Emma Redding, Sarah Whatley, Klara Łucznik, Lucie Clements, Rebecca Weber, John Sikorski, Sara Reed Jan 2020

Enhancing Creativity By Training Metacognitive Skills In Mental Imagery, Jon May, Emma Redding, Sarah Whatley, Klara Łucznik, Lucie Clements, Rebecca Weber, John Sikorski, Sara Reed

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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An Interdisciplinary Approach To Improving The Quality Of Life In Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Case Study, C Turner, D Crocker, J Rhodes, K Nedza, J May Jan 2020

An Interdisciplinary Approach To Improving The Quality Of Life In Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Case Study, C Turner, D Crocker, J Rhodes, K Nedza, J May

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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A Reformulated Contextual Model Of Psychotherapy For Treating Anxiety And Depression, Michael E. Hyland Jan 2020

A Reformulated Contextual Model Of Psychotherapy For Treating Anxiety And Depression, Michael E. Hyland

School of Psychology

This paper describes a reformulated contextual model that uses cognitive theory (dual process theory), motivation theory (personality) and behavioral adaptation (self-correcting control systems) to show how anxiety and depression are caused, treated and prevented by an interaction between people and contexts. Depression and anxiety are the result of implicit beliefs (not cognitions) that all experience is unrewarding and threatening, these being components of the implicit belief that life is bad. Implicit beliefs are formed automatically from contextual cues and in healthy individuals are consistent with rational appraisal. They become more negative than reality through a process of adaptation when behaviors, …

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Associations Between Pro-Environmental Behaviour And Neighbourhood Nature, Nature Visit Frequency And Nature Appreciation: Evidence From A Nationally Representative Survey In England, I Alcock, Mp White, S Pahl, R Duarte-Davidson, Le Fleming Jan 2020

Associations Between Pro-Environmental Behaviour And Neighbourhood Nature, Nature Visit Frequency And Nature Appreciation: Evidence From A Nationally Representative Survey In England, I Alcock, Mp White, S Pahl, R Duarte-Davidson, Le Fleming

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Nature Contact, Nature Connectedness And Associations With Health, Wellbeing And Pro-Environmental Behaviours, L Martin, Mp White, A Hunt, M Richardson, S Pahl, J Burt Jan 2020

Nature Contact, Nature Connectedness And Associations With Health, Wellbeing And Pro-Environmental Behaviours, L Martin, Mp White, A Hunt, M Richardson, S Pahl, J Burt

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Universal Norm Psychology Leads To Societal Diversity In Prosocial Behaviour And Development, Bailey R. House, Patricia Kanngiesser, H. Clark Barrett, Tanya Broesch, Senay Cebioglu, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Alejandro Erut, Sheina Lew-Levy, Carla Sebastian-Enesco, Andrew Marcus Smith, Süheyla Yilmaz, Joan B. Silk Jan 2020

Universal Norm Psychology Leads To Societal Diversity In Prosocial Behaviour And Development, Bailey R. House, Patricia Kanngiesser, H. Clark Barrett, Tanya Broesch, Senay Cebioglu, Alyssa N. Crittenden, Alejandro Erut, Sheina Lew-Levy, Carla Sebastian-Enesco, Andrew Marcus Smith, Süheyla Yilmaz, Joan B. Silk

School of Psychology

Recent studies have proposed that social norms play a key role in motivating human cooperation and in explaining the unique scale and cultural diversity of our prosociality. However, there have been few studies that directly link social norms to the form, development and variation in prosocial behaviour across societies. In a cross-cultural study of eight diverse societies, we provide evidence that (1) the prosocial behaviour of adults is predicted by what other members of their society judge to be the correct social norm, (2) the responsiveness of children to novel social norms develops similarly across societies and (3) societally variable …

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What Approaches To Social Prescribing Work, For Whom, And In What Circumstances? A Realist Review, Kerryn Husk, Kelly Blockley, Rebecca Lovell, Alison Bethel, Iain Lang, Richard Byng, Ruth Garside Jan 2020

What Approaches To Social Prescribing Work, For Whom, And In What Circumstances? A Realist Review, Kerryn Husk, Kelly Blockley, Rebecca Lovell, Alison Bethel, Iain Lang, Richard Byng, Ruth Garside

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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A Large Population-Based Study Of The Mental Health And Wellbeing Of Children And Young People In The North Of England, Barry Wright, Megan Garside, Victoria Allgar, Rachel Hodkinson, Helen Thorpe Jan 2020

A Large Population-Based Study Of The Mental Health And Wellbeing Of Children And Young People In The North Of England, Barry Wright, Megan Garside, Victoria Allgar, Rachel Hodkinson, Helen Thorpe

Peninsula Medical School

Background: There has been a recent reported rise in prevalence of mental health problems among children in the United Kingdom, alongside increased referrals into specialist services. There is a need for up-to-date information regarding changing trends of young people’s mental health to allow for improved understanding and service planning. Objectives: This article aims to provide an overview of the current mental health and well-being of years 8, 9 and 11 secondary school–aged pupils from two large regions in the North of England. Method: This was a cohort cross-sectional study. Measures including the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, the EQ-5D-Y, social media …

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Employing Social Learning Analytic Methods (Slams) To Reimagine The Social Dynamic Of Online Learning Collaborations, Damien Sanchez, Nick Flor, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena Jan 2020

Employing Social Learning Analytic Methods (Slams) To Reimagine The Social Dynamic Of Online Learning Collaborations, Damien Sanchez, Nick Flor, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

As online networks expand, learning collaborations will occur across disciplines, countries, and people. A particular challenge is determining the process and progress of these collaborations, and how the social dynamics of interacting groups support knowledge construction. Traditional methods that rely predominantly on content analysis of transcripts to determine social construction of knowledge are time consuming to conduct and often do not provide actionable data to improve the process before it is completed. One answer to this challenge is emerging Social Learning Analytic Methods (SLAMs) that offer robust and expedient means to analyze the performance of interacting groups online. The purpose …

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Distributed Co-Mentoring As A Means To Develop Culturally Inclusive Online Learning Communities, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena, Gayathri Jayatilleke, Geetha Kulasekara, Malinda Kumarasinha Jan 2020

Distributed Co-Mentoring As A Means To Develop Culturally Inclusive Online Learning Communities, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena, Gayathri Jayatilleke, Geetha Kulasekara, Malinda Kumarasinha

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Transformative online pedagogies call for innovative ways of conceptualizing the online environment and the student, teacher, and peer relationships. In this paper, we focus on how distributed co-mentoring can scaffold both social and knowledge building processes to develop culturally inclusive online learning communities. We critique traditional mentoring relationships, which have often sustained a biased class structure exclusive of diverse populations. We conceptualize co-mentoring drawing from the perspectives of two alternative mentoring theories: (1) feminist postmodern values that bring women and minorities into educational networks, and (2) mentoring mosaic where a diverse range of individuals of different ranks, ages, genders, ethnicities, …

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