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Monarch Science Observer, Volume 7, College Of Sciences, Old Dominion University

College of Sciences Newsletter

December-Fall 2020 issue of Monarch Science Observer, ODU College of Sciences Newsletter.

The Fox In The Henhouse: The Failure Of The Video Game Industry's Self-Regulation With Regard To Loot Boxes, Carl C. Jones

Chapman Law Review

This comment seeks to coherently summarize the broad cultural and legal conversations about loot boxes in the United States video game industry. This Comment argues that existing case and statutory law are sufficient for a court to conclude that loot boxes can have value and are legally equivalent to gambling.

Body Image And Depressive Symptoms Among Transgender And Cisgender Adults: Examining A Model Integrating The Tripartite Influence Model And Objectification Theory, Jessica Strübel, Natalie J. Sabik, Tracy Tylka

Textiles, Fashion Merchandising and Design Faculty Publications

Studies have shown higher levels of body image concerns and depression among transgender individuals, which may result from the internalized stigma of living in a body that does not conform to the expectations of their affirmed gender. We integrated objectification theory and the tripartite influence model, which both address how internalizing gendered appearance-related expectations are linked to body image and depression, and then determined whether this integrated model varied based on participants’ gender identity. Participants included 715 cisgender women, 207 cisgender men, 186 trans men, and 71 trans women from the U.S. A multiple group analysis indicated that thin-ideal and …

Linking Police Attitude To Behavior In Interactions With Mentally Ill Consumers, Raymond Wooten

Dissertations

In this project, the author aimed to examine law enforcement officer attitude and behavior toward individuals with serious mental illness. There were two distinct sections of this project; one quantitative and one qualitative. For the quantitative portion, one hundred fifty four (N = 154) officers completed an online questionnaire providing information on their attitude toward individuals with serious mental illness in a variety of contexts. The questionnaire also generated information regarding officers’ general knowledge of mental illness, their level of contact with individuals with mental illness, and their desired social distance from individuals with mental illness. In the qualitative portion, …

Diversity And Inclusion: Examining The Lived Experiences Of Lgbtq Students At Historically Black Colleges And Universities (Hbcus) In The Bible Belt, Steven Jones

Dissertations

Throughout the twentieth century, the Gay Rights Movement has gained momentum as LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer) individuals have fought for civil equality and social acceptance. However, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have been slow to adapt, implement, and effect change that improves the quality of education for LGBTQ students. Strong religious beliefs derived from the church; especially in the South, may be the connection to understanding why homosexuality isn’t vastly accepted or celebrated in the Black Community and at HBCUs; particularly, in the Bible Belt.

Thus, this phenomenological qualitative study, guided by the theory of care framework, …

Traits Of Character That Facilitate Formation Of Exemplary Nurses In Bachelor Of Science Nursing Programs, Jean Marks

Dissertations

Constructivist grounded theory methods were applied in this study to explore traits of character that facilitate the formation of exemplary nurses in Bachelor of Science Nursing (BSN) programs. Interest in this study was prompted by a desire to examine attributes beyond academics alone that contribute to the formation of excellent nurses. The intent was to promote clarity in describing these attributes for further scholarly discussion.

Framing this study was Aristotle’s doctrine of the golden mean (Aristotle, 350 B.C.E./1934). Operational definitions consistent with this doctrine were created for the concepts of character, character traits, and exemplary nursing practice. The concept …

A Focus Group Study Of Adult American Males On Hemodialysis As Captured Through Photovoice, Donna Sanders

Dissertations

Chronic diseases pose a significant burden on the United States (U.S.) healthcare system (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS], 2019). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) projects that chronic diseases will affect an estimated 164 million Americans by the year 2025, which accounts for approximately half of the nation’s population (CDC, 2017). Nearly 90% of the nation’s $3.5 trillion in annual healthcare expenditures are for individuals with chronic and mental health conditions (Buttorff et al., 2017; CMS, 2017).

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the lived experiences of adult African American males on hemodialysis …

Childbirth And Control Behind Bars: A Descriptive Qualitative Analysis Of The Maternal Perception Of Control In Women Who Have Given Birth While Incarcerated, Lorin Raines

Dissertations

The perception of control during childbirth has been widely studied in various setting and groups. Many factors have been found to aid or impede the perception of control for birthing women. Significance of that perception of control during childbirth has also been measured in past studies. This descriptive qualitative study advances the knowledge of the perception of control during childbirth and examines a population that has thus far been excluded. Four previously incarcerated women participated in semi-structured interviews about their experience of giving birth while incarcerated and their perception of control during that time. The women were from diverse backgrounds …

Career And Technical Education Teachers’ Attitudes Toward And Their Participation In Technology-Based Professional Development Training In Mississippi’S High School Districts, Natalie N. Hill

Dissertations

The use of technology has become an essential part of daily interaction in Career and Technical education learning environments. There is very little research regarding career and technical teachers’ attitudes and participation in professional development, although previous studies have been conducted referencing K-12 teachers’ attitudes. A qualitative research methodology was employed to investigated the insight of CTE teachers’ attitudes toward the professional developments that they had attended. This study also investigated whether training was appropriate to teachers’ learning needs in high school districts in MS. The population for this study included seven high school career and technical teachers in five …

Hemodynamic Response During Sedentary Behavior In Black/African American And White Males, Raymond Jones

Dissertations

Emerging evidence suggests that uninterrupted sitting has a deleterious impact on hemodynamics, namely a reduction in blood-flow induced shear stress in peripheral vessels, which leads to vascular dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. Few studies have examined the cerebrovascular response, and no studies have discerned potential racial differences on the hemodynamic response to uninterrupted sitting. Purpose: To examine racial differences in the hemodynamic response during an acute period (1-hour) of uninterrupted sitting between Black/African American and White males. Methods: Twenty-four adult males (50% Black/African American) between the ages of 18 and 35 years and relatively healthy (i.e., free of …

Public Relations Education In Mississippi Today: Perceptions And Realities, Gail Brown

Dissertations

This two-component study assessed public relations educators’ (n=18) and public relations practitioners’ (n=53) perceptions and realities of public relations education in Mississippi today. A Qualtrics-designed survey ascertained the quantitative data for Study I (N=71). The researcher used telephone and email interviews to gather qualitative data from a convenience sample (N=10) of five public relations practitioners and five public relations educators for Study II. The dual study used education recommendations from the Commission on Public Relations Education (CPRE) 2017 Report, Fast Forward: Foundations and Future State. Educators and Practitioners, as assessment variables.

The survey was distributed to the Public Relations Association …

Organizational Stressors As Predictors Of Burnout, Kristen Albritton

Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine if organizational stress, measured by role conflict and role ambiguity, predicts burnout among employees. A review of the related literature identified variables that demonstrate a relationship with burnout, supported by the Maslach (1998) theory of burnout and Katz and Kahn’s (1966) organizational role theory. The researcher also examined whether organizational level and demographic variables (gender, education level, and job tenure) moderate the relationships between role conflict, role ambiguity, and burnout.

The study follows a non-experimental, cross-sectional design using data collected from a survey. Results of linear regression analyses reveal role conflict and …

'Gangstas' And Preachers: A Deeper Look Into The Code Of The Street And Hip-Hop And Rap Music, Alise Greco

Senior Honors Projects

Music’s depth is easy to overlook during casual listening. We often listen to a song without fully considering its meaning, implications, purpose, or the effect that it may have on its listeners. Hip-hop and rap have been and continue to be hotly contested for what critics proclaim to be a “promotion” or portrayal of a message and lifestyle that is harmful to a peaceful and orderly society. Elijah Anderson’s (1999) “Code of the Street” can be used to make sense of this deviant, oppositional subculture prevalent in hip-hop, characterized by toxic masculinity, a street form of justice, and violence. Much …

Decarcerating New York City: Lessons From A Pandemic, Nicole Smith Futrell

Publications and Research

Over the last decade, long before the far-reaching impact of COVID-19, the criminal legal system in New York City was on a meandering path toward decarceration. Set against the national backdrop of declining crime rates and a reckoning with the economic, social, and racial costs of mass criminalization and incarceration, elected officials in New York City and State had finally acknowledged that a shift toward reducing the number of people held in New York City jails was long overdue. Sweeping legislative reforms to bail, discovery, and speedy trial statutes, as well as the planned closure of Rikers Island, the city’s …

Habermas’S Deontological Models And Core Principles Of Conflict Management, Gavin John Bradshaw, Casper Lötter, Richard Haines

International Journal of Peace Studies

In this contribution, we attempt to make a case for the fruitful potential of a prospective coordination between the principles of conflict management (particularly Burton’s views) and Habermas’s two deontological models., the latter being the “ideal speech community” and communicative ethics. Firstly, we will enumerate the similarities between Habermas’s observations and those generated from the body of conflict management (CM) scholarship generally. We will secondly analyse the dissimilarities between those of Habermas and Burton in particular. Building on this foundation, we will thirdly assess a number of CM tools in light of Habermas’s two models, and will subsequently conclude that …

International Journal Of Peace Studies Volume 25, Number 2, Winter 2020

International Journal of Peace Studies

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Typologies Of Terrorism In The United States: Using Cluster Analysis To Group Terrorists Based On Their Individual Characteristics, Michael Alaimo

International Journal of Peace Studies

In this study two-step cluster analysis was used in an exploratory effort to try and determine what the primary typologies of terrorism are in the United States based on the profiles of individual terrorist who operated in the United States from 1948 – 2016. From this, it was discovered that terrorists in the United States can be classified into two overarching typologies. The first one can most appropriately be called political extremism and the second typology may be titled religious extremism. These findings suggest that terrorists have varying characteristics in accordance with which typology they are classified by. Moreover, this …

Space, Andrew Kania

Philosophy Faculty Research

This chapter investigates a variety of ways in which music might be thought to be essentially spatial in relatively literal ways. It begins by considering whether certain spaces or spatial features are essential to musical works or performances. These include the space of a work’s composition, performance spaces for which a work is composed or within which it is performed, and the spatial disposition of performers (e.g., off-stage instruments). It then considers spaces “within” music, paying special attention to the notion of “pitch space”—the space in which we experience musical tones as higher or lower than one another and melodic …

The Post Human: Pacific Humanities Scholars Newsletter (Fall 2020), Pacific Humanities Scholars

Pacific Humanities Scholars - The Post Human

Nestled in these pages, you will find insightful reflections and creative contributions from our scholars, offering a glimpse of life and learning during one of the more extraordinary moments that higher education has faced in recent history. I hope you enjoy this publication and find a sense of community and meaningful connection through our 2020–21 theme of "Into the Wild".

Just-In-Time Teaching Adds Motivation But Is Less Efficient, Vladik Kreinovich, Olga Kosheleva, Christian Servin

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

For each major, in addition to directly major-related topics, students also need to learn auxiliary topics –- e.g., math topics –- which are needed to understand more direct major-related ones. To learn these auxiliary topics, students are required to take some prerequisite math class. The problem is that when the students take these classes, they do not fully understand how these classes are related to their major. As a result, they often lack motivations, do not study well, and this hinders their performance in the follow-up major-related classes. One way to enhance the students' motivation is to use just-in-time teaching, …

Longitudinal Stress-Buffering Effects Of Social Integration For Late-Life Functional Health, Masa Toyama, Heather R. Fuller

Psychology Faculty Research

Stress can negatively affect multiple aspects of health, including functional health, among older adults, who are likely to face unique, age-related stressful experiences. Previous research has addressed the protective effects of social relations (i.e., social ties, social participation, and social integration) for physical and mental health outcomes, yet few studies have examined functional health. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal stress-buffering effects of social integration on late-life functional health. Using three-wave data from 399 older adults (aged older than 60 years), two-level hierarchical linear modeling analysis was conducted and the results indicated that in addition to its main effect …

Aristotle And Animal Law: The Case For Habeas Corpus For Animals, Charles Edward Andrew Lincoln Iv

Student Scholarship

This article is divided into three substantive sections. Section I delineates Aristotle’s theory of the soul as laid out in De Anima. Section II defines habeas corpus as a legal concept and demonstrates under what circumstances it should be granted. Section III applies Aristotle’s theory of the soul as a structure whereby animals could be granted habeas corpus rights.

Approximating Special Social Influence Maximization Problems, Jie Wu, Ning Wang

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Social Influence Maximization Problems (SIMPs) deal with selecting k seeds in a given Online Social Network (OSN) to maximize the number of eventually-influenced users. This is done by using these seeds based on a given set of influence probabilities among neighbors in the OSN. Although the SIMP has been proved to be NP-hard, it has both submodular (with a natural diminishing-return) and monotone (with an increasing influenced users through propagation) that make the problem suitable for approximation solutions. However, several special SIMPs cannot be modeled as submodular or monotone functions. In this paper, we look at several conditions under which …

Progression Magazine, 2020 Winter, Coastal Carolina University

Progression Magazine

Magazine of the College of Science at Coastal Carolina University.

Prevalence Of Workplace Violence Towards Nurses In Acute Care Adolescent Mental Health, Jennifer Yarberry

Theses and Dissertations from 2020

Workplace violence towards healthcare workers is an increasing problem within the behavioral health nursing profession. Workplace violence is a threat or an act of physical violence or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs in the workplace (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). The purpose of this quantitative research study was to identify the contributing factors of workplace violence in an acute care psychiatric facility and to implement a “safe environment” workplace violence prevention program for psychiatric nurses. This convenience sample (N=23) of registered nurses were recruited from an acute pediatric psychiatric setting in Arkansas, treating children ages five to seventeen. Nurses …

Preceptor Training: A Quantitative Study To Determine The Effectiveness Of A Formal Preceptor Training Program For Medical-Surgical Nurse Preceptors, Jessica L. Strickland

Theses and Dissertations from 2020

Nurse preceptors are essential to the success of new graduate registered nurses entering the workforce. Nurse preceptors serve to improve the competence and confidence of new graduate registered nurses during their transition to practice. To be an effective nurse preceptor, the nurse preceptor needs to be properly trained. A trained nurse preceptor understands the roles and responsibilities of a nurse preceptor. As they utilize their formal training, they increase their skills and capabilities. A positive experience during the transition to practice process may improve nurse retention and patient outcomes. The focus of this quantitative, descriptive research study was to determine …

Amjambo Africa! (December 2020), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In This Issue

Boko Haram .................................2/3

Publisher’s Editorial ........................4

Meet Georges Budagu Makoko .....4

Elections/immigration reform .......5

Translations

French ............................................7

Swahili............................................8

Somali ............................................9

Kinyarwanda...............................20

Portuguese ............................20/21

News from Africa.....................10/11

Piece Together Project .................12

I’m Your Neighbor Books.............13

Pious Ali mourns Rawlings of Ghana ....................14

A Man on the move.......................15

Black Mainer project.....................16

Finance/Business............................19

Auto Insurance ..............................21

Poem by Ekhlas Ahmed................22

Guest columns...............................23

Titi de Baccarat .......................26/27

Politics Stops At Nature's Edge: The Need For Bipartisanship In Environmental Policymaking, Allison Kustic

Political Science & International Studies | Senior Theses

Climate change is an existential threat to humans and everyday life, yet in recent years Congress has been unable to pass comprehensive environmental policy that addresses climate change. Collaboration between both parties in Congress is often necessary for passing legislation. There was a time when bipartisanship was common, and Congress passed significant environmental legislation. In particular, this happened during the 1970s with the Clean Water Act in 1972, the Endangered Species Act in 1973, the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974, and the Toxic Substances Control Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976. However, since 1994, increased polarization …

Front Matter

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness And Priorities Of The American College President:Perceptions From The Faculty Lounge, G. David Gearhart, Daniel P. Nadler, Michael T. Miller

Journal of Research on the College President

The American college presidency has become increasingly complex, particularly due to the wide variety of demands placed on the position. Indeed, the effectiveness of a president is often seen through the lens of different constituents. Historically, the faculty have played a key role in determining the success of a president, and the current study sought to identify the perceptions of faculty members regarding the effectiveness of presidents. Additionally, the study sought to compare faculty perception of desired versus actual effectiveness of presidential responsibilities.