Digital Commons Network^™

The Days, Months, And Years After The Last Game: Retirement In Canadian Student-Athletes, Melissa Pare

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 98% of student-athletes will retire from sport during and/or after their collegiate career (NCAA, 2015) from one of four causes (e.g., eligibility, deselection, injury, or choice) and this number is even higher in Canadian student-athletes. Athlete retirement has been widely studied across professional and elite athletes using multiple theoretical models (Schlossberg, 1981; Stambulova, 1997; Taylor & Ogilvie, 1994); however, student-athletes’ experiences are not widely studied. Furthermore, Canadian university sport (U SPORTS) does not currently have programs or services dedicated to support student-athletes through retirement. The purpose of this cross-sectional qualitative study was …

Projecting Spatial Changes In Sugar Maple Sap Flow Regimes In A Changing Climate, Holly Crawford

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Anthropogenic climate change presents a potential threat to maple syrup production in Canada. To mitigate risks associated with climate change, information about the biological changes that may occur in a warming climate are necessary. This project studied one component- sap flow- that in part determines the economic viability of maple syrup production. A temperature-based sap flow model was used to project the start of the sap flow season in southern Ontario, and GIS applications were used to aggregate the results. The start of the sap flow season was projected for early, mid, and late-century periods under two climate change scenarios, …

Let Me Tell You About A Time: Exploring How Storytelling And Memory Affect Behavioural Interview Performance Ratings, Sara A. Murphy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Behavioural interviews continue to be a popular selection tool used in industry today. Although the literature finds that behavioural interviews are reliable and valid selection tools, two fundamental elements of behavioural interviewing have been overlooked. Specifically, behavioural interview ratings are based on how much detail candidates retrieve about their experiences as well as their ability to effectively convey those details to interviewers. I hypothesize that autobiographical memory predicts interview performance ratings and that storytelling mediates this relationship. In addition, I expect that the presence of probing questions will moderate the mediated relationship. Study 1 tests these hypotheses using a laboratory …

Domain-Specific Self-Compassion In Individuals High Versus Low In Social Anxiety, Leah Brassard

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Self-compassion involves showing kindness and understanding to the self during times of hardship. Individuals with social anxiety have been shown to exhibit lower levels of self-compassion than the general population. The present set of studies seeks to build support for a domain-specific conceptualization of self-compassion, as it relates to social anxiety. Study One (N=160) explored self-compassionate responding in three domains of stress from self-generated recollections in an online format. It was predicted that individuals high in levels of social anxiety would be more self-compassionate in scenarios involving non-social situations (i.e., burnout, physical illness) than in a socially evaluative …

Fall Reading Week: Exploring The Effects On Student Well-Being, Roobina Medhizadah

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Mental health is a concerning issue in post-secondary institutions across Ontario. Post-secondary students are challenged with many stressors such as time management and living independently for the first time (Wagner & Rhee, 2013). In an attempt to help students, maintain or improve their mental health, universities across Ontario have implemented fall reading week, a mid-semester break (Poole et al., 2017). Previous studies (Cramer & Pschibul, 2017; Poole et al., 2017) provided mixed results in whether fall reading week positively influences student mental health and well-being. To date, few studies have explored the influence of fall reading week on student health …

“The Police Don’T Do Anything. Even When They Get Told About These Creeps”: An Exploration Of How Vigilantes Attempt To Gain Legitimacy As Leaders Of Status Degradation Ceremonies, Hannah Eggett

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Status degradation ceremonies are a process through which a denouncer(s) and members of a community shift an individual’s status within their social group to a lower position (Garfinkel, 1956). Current status degradation ceremony literature primarily focuses on ceremonies that are carried out by formal officials as well as the impacts of these ceremonies on the denounced individuals. This research provides insights into ceremonies led by “pseudo-officials,” individuals or groups who hold no formally recognised position but claim to act in the public interest in the same manner as formally appointed officials are expected to. This exploratory case study focuses on …

The Inclusive Nature Of Mindfulness-Based Practice: Does Executive Functioning Play A Role In Children's Mindful Experience?, Kaitlyn Butterfield

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

We examined the effects of a six-week mindfulness program in order to assess how executive function level played a role in students’ mindful experience. The effects of the mindfulness program were evaluated according to prospective outcomes across students’ level of executive function, in comparison to an active control group. Classrooms were randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based program or a health-based active control group. Pre- and early adolescent students in the 5th to 8th grade (N = 52) from two MindfulMe! program classrooms and two HealthyMe! program classrooms (active control group) completed self-reported pretest and post-test measures to assess mindful attention …

Straight Outta Films: A Qualitative Media Analysis Of The Hyperrealities Of Youth Gangs, Naima Lakha

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Much of what people learn outside their neighbourhoods and personal boundaries is through mass media. As such, it is not surprising that the media has potential to significantly influence public perceptions (Bourke, 2013). Due to the media’s profuse ability to influence public perceptions and the frequency in which gangs are depicted within the media, it is important to understand how they are portrayed. Involvement in a gang is depicted in the media as being intriguing for individuals, and as Preston et al. (2012), note that the media is often inclined to sensationalize criminal gang activity. They cite Gordon’s 2001 research …

Examining The Longer-Term Impact Of A Home-Visiting Intervention Program On The School Readiness Skills Of English Language Learners In Kindergarten, Michelle Mccann

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Young English Language Learners (ELL) present with varied profiles in their language and literacy development with parental involvement promoting development. The Home Instruction for Parents and Preschool Youngsters Program (HIPPY) is a free home-visiting intervention designed to empower parents to be their child’s first teacher. The current study examined the effectiveness of the HIPPY program on language, reading, and social/emotional skills of kindergarten aged ELLs. The HIPPY group was compared to an English as a first language group (EL1) and a control group of ELL students who did not participate in HIPPY (ESL). Participants were assessed at two time points, …

Effects Of An Acute Session Of High- Vs Low-Load Resistance Training Exercise On Energy Balance, Daniel Grisebach, Derek Pd Bornath, Abigail A. Broad, Seth F. Mccarthy, Tom J. Hazell

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examined the effect of an acute session of low-load high-volume resistance training versus a more traditional high-load low-volume session on energy balance (EB). Five recreationally active males (age: 24±3 y; BMI: 25.8±1.5 kgm^-2) completed three different sessions: 1) high-load (90% 1RM); 2) low-load (30% 1RM); and 3) CTRL (no exercise). Gas exchange (V̇O₂), blood lactate, and subjective appetite perceptions were measured before each session, as well as at 0, 1, and 2 h post-exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the quadriceps, pectorals, hamstrings, deltoids, and latissimus dorsi was measured at 24 and 48 …

Navigating Islands’ Political Geographies: The Case Of The 'Maduro Migrations' From Venezuela To Trinidad And Tobago, Shiva Mohan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Grounded in critical geopolitics and feminist political geography, this dissertation undertakes a critical examination of Trinidad and Tobago’s (T&T) responses to the inflow of Venezuelans from the “Maduro migrations” since 2015. This massive displacement was triggered by conditions of economic, political and humanitarian crisis on the Venezuelan mainland. The dissertation’s central argument is that T&T’s responses are strategic exercises in defence of its sovereignty, launched through the conscious use of its island-geographies, with a view to rejecting external dictates in its domestic affairs. The island’s responses are examined through three interrelated, but scalarly disparate foci: regional and hemispheric geopolitical influences …

Flipping The Exercise Narrative: An Exploration Of Middle-Aged Adults’ Lived Experiences After Making A New Year’S Resolution To Exercise, David Mcilwraith

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Abstract

Objective

The benefits of consistent exercise in the middle-aged adult (44 to 64 years) population has been well documented in existing literature; exercise can delay the onset and progression of a wide variety of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and, more generally, premature mortality (Dietz et al., 2016; Thornton et al., 2016; Waschki et al., 2015). Despite increased societal awareness surrounding the importance of exercise in relation to long-term health and longevity, middle-aged adults remain largely inactive. Additionally, there have been few studies that have used a qualitative methodology to give middle-aged adults an active …

Asset Pricing Under Randomized Solvable Diffusions, Hiromichi Kato

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

By employing a randomization procedure on the geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model, we construct our new pricing models with stochastic volatility exhibiting symmetric smiles in the log-forward moneyness, and admitting simple closed-form analytical expressions for European-style option prices. We assume that there are no infinitesimal correlations between the underlying asset prices and their volatility, and the integrated squared volatility processes are random variables with well-known probability density functions. Under some regularity conditions, closed-form expressions are obtained by taking the expectation of option prices under diffusion models over the integrated squared volatility process, which relate to the Bayesian framework in the …

Exploring The Relationship Between Gender, Race, And Space, And Toronto Community Housing Policy, Anita Rachel Ewan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This dissertation presents the racial-gendered lived experiences of Black women living in Toronto Community Housing (TCH; subsidized housing). This research found that Black women and their families are disproportionately faced with challenges due to barriers caused by housing policy and procedures that also affect the overall development and wellbeing of their children. It also highlights the ways in which Black women continue to thrive and survive in the face of detrimental and derelict living conditions; accomplished through community development and support initiatives, and fostering strong communities.

This is a qualitative research project that includes an art-based method. Utilizing a feminist …

Exploring Upper Limb Sequence Behaviours In Egocentric And Allocentric Reference Frames, Robyn Brooke Grunberg

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Voluntary behaviours, such as reaching, are essential for manipulating and exploring our environment. The current body of literature, however, has predominantly investigated reach behaviours through tasks such as peg-moving, tapping, dotting, and circle drawing. The objective of this study was to investigate the order and direction of reaching behaviours in a sequential tapping task in both an egocentric and an allocentric reference frame. Gaze behaviours were observed to explore intent to reach in the sequential task. Implementing reference frames in an upper limb motor control task might be of clinical importance when exploring rehabilitation techniques post-traumatic brain injury. It was …

Can Zooplankton On The North American Great Plains ‘Keep Up’ With Climate-Driven Salinity Change?, Mariam Elmarsafy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The Great Plains of North America are projected to become more arid as the climate changes over the next century. Salinity levels for lakes in this region are linked to climate, suggesting that lakes will become more saline as the climate becomes drier. One group of organisms that might be affected by increased salinity levels are the zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates that transfer energy from primary producers to macroinvertebrates and fish. Little is known about the ability of zooplankton to adapt to long-term increases in lake salinity levels. For my thesis, I used resurrection ecology to examine how a common zooplankter, …

The Role Of Streptococci In Oral Periodontitis: Growth And Disruption Of Yellow Complex Bacteria, Megan Gordon

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Periodontitis is described as the inflammation of the periodontium and affects millions of people worldwide. This disease is caused by biofilm growth of certain bacteria on the tooth surface, adjacent to the gum tissue in the oral cavity. There are currently treatments against severe periodontitis, such as oral surgery and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but they fail to target the specific bacteria associated with periodontitis. Socransky et al., (1998), identified the preponderance for specific organisms in distinct areas of the subgingival pockets to associate with different bacteria forming consortia and complexes. The yellow complex, containing facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive …

Modeling And Counteracting Exposure Bias In Recommender Systems, Sami Khenissi, Olfa Nasraoui

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

What we discover and see online, and consequently our opinions and decisions, are becoming increasingly affected by automated machine learned predictions. Similarly, the predictive accuracy of learning machines heavily depends on the feedback data that we provide them. This mutual influence can lead to closed-loop interactions that may cause unknown biases which can be exacerbated after several iterations of machine learning predictions and user feedback. Machine-caused biases risk leading to undesirable social effects ranging from polarization to unfairness and filter bubbles. In this paper, we study the bias inherent in widely used recommendation strategies such as matrix factorization. Then we …

Galaxy And Mass Assembly (Gama): Properties And Evolution Of Red Spiral Galaxies, Smriti Mahajan, Kriti Kamal Gupta, Rahul Rana, M. J.I. Brown, S. Phillipps, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, M. N. Bremer, S. Brough, Benne W. Holwerda, A. M. Hopkins, J. Loveday, Kevin Pimbblet, Lingyu Wang

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

We use multiwavelength data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to explore the cause of red optical colours in nearby (0.002 < z < 0.06) spiral galaxies. We show that the colours of red spiral galaxies are a direct consequence of some environment-related mechanism(s) that has removed dust and gas, leading to a lower star formation rate. We conclude that this process acts on long time-scales (several Gyr) due to a lack of morphological transformation associated with the transition in optical colour. The specific star formation rate (sSFR) and dust-to-stellar mass ratio of red spiral galaxies is found to be statistically lower than blue spiral galaxies. On the other hand, red spirals are on average 0.9 dex more massive, and reside in environments 2.6 times denser than their blue counterparts. We find no evidence of excessive nuclear activity, or higher inclination angles to support these as the major causes for the red optical colours seen in ≳47 per cent of all spirals in our sample. Furthermore, for a small subsample of our spiral galaxies that are detected in H I, we find that the SFR of gas-rich red spiral galaxies is lower by ∼1 dex than their blue counterparts.

Becoming Transfronterizo Collaborators: A Transdisciplinary Framework For Developing Translingual Pedagogies In Wac/Wid, Marcela Hebbard, Yanina Hernández

Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications

Given that pedagogical approaches that challenge dominant language ideologies are not yet well represented in WAC/WID scholarship, this chapter outlines a transdisciplinary framework for developing translingual pedagogies. The framework is built around the notion of transfronterizo/ a collaborators because before instructors can engage their students in exploring and challenging their views toward language, instructors must first critically interrogate their own. This interrogation must consider the unique political, social, economic, and linguistic exigencies of where an institution is located. The chapter concludes by showing that a transdisciplinary and translingual collaboration that is mutually transformative changes faculty collaborators in how they perceive …

Theoretical Investigation Of The Low Frequency Fundamental Mechanism Of The Objective Occlusion Effect Induced By Bone-Conducted Stimulation, Kevin Carillo, Olivier Doutres, Franck Sgard

Études primaires

The objective occlusion effect induced by bone-conducted stimulation refers to the low frequency acoustic pressure increase that results from occluding the ear canal opening. This phenomenon is commonly interpreted as follows: the bone-conducted sound “leaks” through the earcanal opening and is “trapped” by the occlusion device. This instinctive interpretation misrepresents the fundamental mechanism of the occlusion effect related to the earcanal impedance increase and already highlighted by existing electro-acoustic models. However, these models simplify the earcanal wall vibration (i.e., the origin of the phenomenon) to a volume velocity source which, in the authors' opinion, (i) hinders an exhaustive comprehension of …

Conversations On The Warren Court's Impact On Criminal Justice: In Re Gault At 50, Cara H. Drinan

Scholarly Articles

This Article examines the Supreme Court’s landmark In re Gault decision of 1967, in which the Supreme Court ushered in the “due process era” of juvenile justice in America by determining that juveniles were entitled to the right to counsel and other procedural safeguards during delinquency proceedings. But this Article continues with a critical focus on the impact of the decision today, examining a dichotomy between what was declared a “revolution in children’s rights,” and how youth in the criminal justice system still have not seen the extent of constitutional protections declared necessary by Gault. Arguing that Gault …

Is The #Metoo Movement For Real? The Implications For Jurors’ Biases In Sexual Assault Cases, Mary Graw Leary

Scholarly Articles

This Article examines the emerging research on the #MeToo movement and its potential effects on the population of potential jurors, exploring the possibility of improving the jury pool in sexual assault cases. Part I discusses the current problem of attrition in sexual assault cases. Part II examines the substantial body of literature surrounding this attrition and the potential reasons for it. Part III explores the #MeToo movement and reviews the emerging body of research regarding it. Part III also considers whether the movement will impact juries positively or whether the attrition rates based on rape myths, misogyny, and rape culture …

Impact Of The Strict Scrutiny Standard Of Judicial Review On Abortion Legislation Under The Kansas Supreme Court’S Decision In Hodes & Nauser V. Schmidt, Elizabeth Kirk

Scholarly Articles

This paper is focused on a narrow matter, namely, the nature of the standard of judicial review adopted by the Kansas Supreme Court in Hodes & Nauser v. Schmidt. 2 The most important (and decisive) point to emphasize is that the standard of judicial review adopted by the court in Hodes is so rigorous that it is likely to unsettle existing abortion law in Kansas and result in a legal landscape for abortion in this state that is more permissive of abortion than either the current federal standard or the original federal standard established by Roe v. Wade.

In order …

The Traditions Of American Constitutional Law, Marc O. Degirolami

Scholarly Articles

This Article identifies a new method of constitutional interpretation: the use of tradition as constitutive of constitutional meaning. It studies what the Supreme Court means by invoking tradition and whether what it means remains constant across the document and over time. Traditionalist interpretation is pervasive, consistent, and recurrent across the Court's constitutional doctrine. So, too, are criticisms of traditionalist interpretation. There are also more immediate reasons to study the role of tradition in constitutional interpretation. The Court's two newest members, Justices Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh, have indicated that tradition informs their understanding of constitutional meaning. The study of traditionalist …

Between “Us” And “Them”: Political Subjectivities In The Shadows Of The 2018 Brazilian Election, Charles H. Klein, Milena Mateuzi Carmo, Alessandra Tavares

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article examines political subjectivities, community engagements and voting practices among residents of São Paulo’s Zona Sul peripheries in the three years preceding Brazil’s 2018 presidential election. Building on a 398-person household survey, 46 in-depth interviews, and extensive participation observation over the course of a fouryear study, we argue that although most residents of our study communities across the political spectrum are disenchanted with institutional politics, many maintain political engagement through their everyday lives, including activism centered on intersectional identities and state-sponsored violence/genocide. Our discussion combines statistical analysis and auto-ethnographic inflected vignettes and is in dialogue with two common themes …

A Validated Uplc-Ms/Ms Method For The Determination Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Isocyanate Exposure In Human Urine, Maggy Lépine, Lekha Sleno, Jacques Lesage, Sébastien Gagné

Études primaires

4,4′-Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (MDI), toluenediisocyanate (2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI), and 1,6′-hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) are all commonly used in the production of polyurethane-containing materials in different application areas. Workers exposed occupationally to these compounds may develop sensitization with the potential to lead to asthma. Isocyanates are metabolized in vivo by conjugation to macromolecules and/or by acetylation prior to being eliminated in urine. The hydrolysis of urine samples releases free amine compounds from these metabolites as biomarkers of exposure, specific to each parent isocyanate: 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), toluenediamine (2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA), and hexamethylenediamine (HDA). To address the need for a validated method that could be used for …

Feasibility Of Quantifying The Physical Exposure Of Materials Handlers In The Workplace With Magnetic And Inertial Measurement Units, Xavier Robert-Lachaine, Christian Larue, Denys Denis, Alain Delisle, Hakim Mecheri, Philippe Corbeil, André Plamondon

Études primaires

Handling tasks can expose workers to risk factors. The objective was to describe the feasibility of using magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) to quantify the physical exposure of materials handlers in the workplace. Full-body kinematics were obtained with MIMUs on 10 handlers gathering products ordered by retailers with a pallet truck. An observer classified the visual difference (VD) of segment orientation between a MIMUs avatar and video recordings in three categories (none, minor and major) for each product transfer. The feet, arms, shoulders and head were considered similar for ≥97% of observations. The trunk segment obtained the most differences …

Is Postural Control During Unstable Sitting A Proxy Measure For Determinants Associated With Lumbar Stability?, Christian Larivière, Richard Preuss, Daniel Ludvig, Sharon M. Henry

Études primaires

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test whether determinants associated with lumbar stability can predict performance during unstable sitting (trunk postural control - TPC). If confirmed, unstable sitting could be viewed as a proxy measure for these determinants. Wobbling chair motion was measured in 58 subjects with an inertial sensor, and six outcomes were computed (mean frequency and velocity, frequency dispersion, two variables from the sway density analysis and Lyapunov exponent - short interval) to represent TPC performance. Subjects also performed five other trunk neuromuscular tests to quantify the thickness of back and abdominal muscles and …

Performance Of Mechanical Filters Used In General Ventilation Against Nanoparticles, Clothilde Brochot, Pooya Abdolghader, Fariborz Haghighat, Ali Bahloul

Études primaires

With an equal mass, nanoparticles (NP) have a higher toxicity than particles with the same chemical composition but with larger surface area. However, the toxicological knowledge concerning NP is still insufficient to establish limit values of exposure. To seek the lowest exposure level, filtration is a simple and effective way to capture particles, including NP. According to ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2 standard, ventilation filters efficiency is tested for particles ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 μm. Performances of entire filters for NP are still very limited and particle size of 300 nm (0.3 μm) is commonly used as the most penetrating particle size …