Digital Commons Network^™

The Impact Of Body Mass Index And Sociodemographic Factors On Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviors Of Women With Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Examination, Danae M. Dinkel, Nicholas Hein, Kailey Snyder, Mohammad Siahpush, Shannon I. Maloney, Lynette M. Smith, Evi A. Farazi, Corrine K. Hanson

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

OBJECTIVES: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity provides multiple benefits to women after childbirth. To achieve these benefits, the recommendation that adults obtain, 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week and reduce sedentary behaviors, also applies to women in the post-partum phase of the life span. However, research examining the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of women with young children (0-2 years) is limited. A greater understanding of these behaviors from a nationally representative sample is needed. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine the levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviors of a nationally representative sample …

Doesn't Everybody Want To Be Healthy?, Jana L. Wardian Phd

Journal Articles: Hospital Medicine

No abstract provided.

A High Docosahexaenoic Acid Diet Alters The Lung Inflammatory Response To Acute Dust Exposure, Edward C. Dominguez, Art J. Heires, Jacqueline A. Pavlik, Tricia D. Larsen, Stephanie Guardado, Joseph H. Sisson, Michelle L. Baack, Debra J. Romberger, Tara M. Nordgren

Journal Articles: Internal Medicine

Agricultural workers are at risk for the development of acute and chronic lung diseases due to their exposure to organic agricultural dusts. A diet intervention using the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic approach for alleviating a dust-induced inflammatory response. We thus hypothesized a high-DHA diet would alter the dust-induced inflammatory response through the increased production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Mice were pre-treated with a DHA-rich diet 4 weeks before being intranasally challenged with a single dose of an extract made from dust collected from a concentrated swine feeding operation (HDE). …

Do The Current Health Behaviors Of Third-Year Medical Students Have Correlations With Their Frequency And Confidence In Counseling Of Patients On Preventive Health Behaviors?, Shelby L. Liesemeyer, Susan Evans, Jenenne A. Geske

EMET Projects

No abstract provided.

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake By Ethnicity, Income, And Education Level In The United States: Nhanes 2003-201414., Caleb A. Cave, Nicholas Hein, Lynette M. Smith, Ann Anderson-Berry, Chesney K. Richter, Karl Stessy M. Bisselou, Adams Kusi Appiah, Penny Kris-Etherton, Ann C. Skulas-Ray, Maranda Thompson, Tara M. Nordgren, Corrine K. Hanson, Melissa K. Thoene

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes (p < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity (p < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the "Other" category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.

A Study Of The Relationship Between Menu Terminology And Political Identity, Darryl Mickler

Dissertations from the Executive Doctorate in Business Administration Program

Food consumption and the choices made in restaurants are not matters of simple utility. As research and industry practice has revealed, consumer choices may be influenced by any number of factors. Not least of these is the menu. While individual restaurants will research their menu strategies, such research is necessarily proprietary. This dissertation seeks to deepen the understanding of the influence of menu verbiage and add to the body of academic knowledge of the influence of the menu on consumers. Additionally, while academic research has assessed the influence of social identity on consumer's purchase intention in many industries, this has …

The Influence Of Baby Boomers’ Perceptions Of Well-Being On Their Preference In Post-Retirement Residential Alternatives As Moderated By Their Affinity For Technology, Eric J. Emerson

Dissertations from the Executive Doctorate in Business Administration Program

This study was premised on the idea that baby boomers, like anyone else, desire to maximize their well-being. That is, they seek situations that provide positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment (PERMA) which determine their personal appraisal of well-being based on both objective and subjective measures.

Thus, the purpose of the research was to identify the most important PERMA elements of well-being that the baby boomer cohort who have decided to retire but have not yet done so (i.e., pre-retirees), seek in their preference in post-retirement residence. Moreover, this study investigates the degree to which this group sees that …

Gut Microbiota Composition Is Correlated To Host Hummingbird Protein Requirements, Ryan C. Stanton , '20

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

The gut microbiome shapes and is shaped by a host animal’s physiology. Avian taxa hold physiological characteristics unique from mammals and might inform novel pressures experienced by microbial communities. Further, the symbionts’ relative abundance and their abilities to adapt to available resources are of critical importance to a holobiont’s fitness in rapidly changing climates. Therefore, wild populations of hummingbirds Selasphorus rufus and Calypte anna were studied. The two systems differ in S. rufus’s annual migrations from wintering grounds to their breeding grounds in the Pacific Northwest, whereas C. anna are resident in the latter region. Previous findings have indicated …

Perceived Effects Of Bush Burning On Agriculture And Wildlife Resources In Ghana, Caitlin A. Wilson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Peace Corps was started in the 1960s by President John F. Kennedy. Ghana was one of the first established host countries that received Peace Corps Volunteers. There are five different sectors that volunteers can work in education, health, agriculture, environment, or community and economic development. Peace Corps service begins with ten weeks of pre-service training before volunteers swear in and are placed in communities throughout the country. Training covers topics such as global Peace Corps policy, health and security concerns, local language, and technical skills. I was placed in a small, rural community in the Northern Region of Ghana. My …

Genetic And Biochemical Characterization Of Ergot Alkaloid Synthesizing Fungi And Their Symbionts, Matthew Duane Maust

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ergot alkaloids are fungal tryptophan derived toxins which affect mammalian circulation and neurotransmission. These compounds are biosynthesized by a conserved genetic pathway, known as the ergot alkaloid synthesis (EAS) pathway by fungi belonging to the ascomycete families Trichocomaceae and Clavicipitaceae. Several Ipomoea species and related plants in the morning glory family harbor vertically transmitted symbiotic fungi in the genus Periglandula, also members of Clavicipitaceae, that produce ergot alkaloids. Metabolomic analysis of seeds identified a previously uncharacterized glycoside form of the pharmaceutically important ergot alkaloid, ergonovine. Several species belonging to the fungal genus Metarhizium have recently been shown to have the …

Wv Dental Hygienists' Knowledge And Educational Approach For Pregnant Women, Isabella Hope Mcdaniel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes have become a concern for dental professionals caring for pregnant women with poor oral health. Pregnant women may not be aware of their increased risk of bacterial infections in their oral tissues and how it could relate to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre- term birth (PTB) and low birthweight babies (LBW). Dental healthcare professionals need to be well informed of risk related to poor oral health and have confidence to effectively educate pregnant women. PTB and LBW babies account for 1 million infant deaths annually. It is the responsibility of dental healthcare professionals to be …

The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An organism’s phenotype can be affected in development by alterations to gene expression based on environmental inputs. Nutrition is one such environmental input and the central regulator of development of large horn or small horn phenotypes in the dung beetle species, Onthophagus taurus. However, little is known about the nature of chemical compounds that are critical to this plastic horn development. To better understand these compounds, we are utilizing an untargeted metabolomic approach as well as a targeted gene approach. Through the metabolomic approach, it was uncovered that environmental conditions tend to have a greater impact on metabolomic composition …

Evaluating Inorganic Feed Phosphate Type And Further Potential Of Phytase Supplementation Using A Commercial Broiler Model, Angela Elsie Lamp

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Optimizing feed formulation of poultry diets may be achieved by proper utilization of nutrients and feed additives. This will provide a less expensive and nutrient efficient diet to the bird. An experiment was conducted to evaluate early broiler performance, tibia mineralization, and mineral digestibility of broilers fed diets that differed in inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) but that were formulated to be either similar in dietary non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) and calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), total mineral content, or calculated prececal digestible phosphorus (CPDP). Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monodicalcium phosphate (MDP), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and defluorinated phosphate were used in formulations with …

Asthma-Copd Overlap: Economic Burden And Medication Adherence, Mona Nili

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In many older adults, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coexist as “Asthma-COPD overlap” (ACO). This dissertation pursued three Aims: 1) estimate the economic burden of ACO and its contributory factors; 2) evaluate the association of ACO to “cost-related medication nonadherence” (CRN); and 3) identify adherence trajectory patterns and examine the impact of initial maintenance therapies (IMT) type (inhaled corticosteroids monotherapy (ICS) vs. fixed-dose combination of ICS and long-acting beta agonist (ICS/LABA)) on adherence trajectory patterns among older adults Medicare Beneficiaries. The first and second Aims were cross-sectional studies by using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data. For the third …

Assessment Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Diego Gomez, Christie Petrenko, Maristela Monteiro, Omar A. Rahman

Books: Munroe-Meyer Institute

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent a range of physical, mental, and behavioral disabilities caused by alcohol use during pregnancy, or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). FASDs are considered to be one of the leading preventable causes of developmental disability. Despite its high prevalence, FASD is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, making interventions more challenging or delayed. Earlier diagnosis yields greater benefits for affected children, which include a reduction in secondary disabilities such as substance use disorders and learning and cognitive disabilities leading to school failure, and improved life outcomes. Most importantly, diagnosis provides a context for understanding a child’s behavior. When …

Changes In The Home Range Sizes Of Terrestrial Vertebrates In Response To Urban Disturbance: A Meta-Analysis, Kate O'Donnell, Javier Delbarco-Trillo

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

The unprecedented growth rate in human population and the increasing movement of people to urban areas is causing a rapid increase in urbanisation globally. Urban environments may restrict or affect the behaviour of many animal species. Importantly, urban populations may change their spatial movement, particularly decreasing their home ranges in response to habitat fragmentation, the presence of landscape barriers and the availability and density of resources. Several species specific studies suggest that urban animals decrease their home ranges compared with their non-urban counterparts; however, it remained unclear whether this pattern is widespread across taxa or is instead restricted to specific …

Leaf Choice By Salmonfly Nymphs (Pteronarcys Californica) In Western Montana, Emily L. Hamant, Art Woods, James Frakes

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

No abstract provided.

Kim Williams: Professionalizing Domesticity In Montana And Abroad, 1923-1986, Emmett Ball

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Kim Williams was a renowned writer and naturalist living and working in Missoula, Montana in the 1970s and 80s. She gained national recognition for her regular guest appearances on National Public Radio’s program “All Things Considered,” where she offered home-spun lessons on frugality, naturalism, and happiness through simplicity. Williams’s professionalization of domesticity was the culmination of a lifelong battle in an attempt to reconcile her own personal conception of femininity against her conflicting aspirations for a professional career and a familial, domestic life. There is little scholarship analyzing Williams’s personal life, and no known scholarship has attempted to condense her …

Critical Reasoning: A User's Manual, V.4.0, Jason Southworth, Chris Swoyer

Philosophy Open Educational Resources

Teaching critical reasoning is difficult. So is learning to reason more carefully and accurately. The greatest challenge is teaching (and learning) skills in such a way that students can spontaneously apply them outside the classroom once the course is over (teaching people to apply skills in the classroom can be hard enough, but clearly isn’t a worthwhile goal in itself).

We (the authors) have learned a good deal about these matters from the students who took courses using earlier drafts of this book, and from colleagues who’ve taught from it. But one key theme of this book is the importance …

Relationship Between Stunting With Dental And Oral Status In Toddlers, Munifah Abdat, Said Usman, Chairunas, Hafidha Suhaila

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science

No abstract provided.

Mobile Apps For Type 2 Diabetes In A Low Socioeconomic Status Population, Kaitland Rae Woelky

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background: Individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) are disproportionately at risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to their higher SES counterparts. Smartphone apps are increasingly used as a tool to compliment current diabetes education and have the ability to increase prevention and diabetes education in health disparate communities. The objective of this study was to identify the quality of nutrition and health related apps frequently recommended by diabetes educators to compliment current T2DM education programs for patient of low SES.

Methods: Clinicians (n=120) were recruited through two diabetes and dietetic professional groups to complete an online App Identification …

One Planet, One Health, Michael W. Fox

Animal Sentience

We have to reduce our collective exploitation and consumption of animals. That is what is bringing on pandemics and other zoonotic diseases, accelerating climate change, destroying biodiversity, and causing untold amounts of animal suffering.

Exercise Is Medicine® On Campus: Effectiveness Of An Employee Circuit Training Class, Lisa J. Leininger, Joanna L. Morrissey, Mark Debeliso, Kent J. Adams

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Exercise is Medicine® on Campus (EIM-OC) is a global health initiative lead by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) to integrate physical activity (PA) into university campus culture and establish PA as a vital sign. There is limited research on the EIM-OC, especially studies which include university employees. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an EIM-OC sponsored employee circuit training class at increasing PA and reducing perceived stress in participants. Out of 20 class participants, 12 females volunteered to take part in the study. Data was collected with an online questionnaire that included …

Intensity Of Resistance Training Via Self-Reported History Is Critical In Properly Characterizing Musculoskeletal Health, Hawley Almstedt, Joseph W. Labrie, Todd Shoepe

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Background: Intensity of resistance training history might be omitted or poorly ascertained in prescreening or data questionnaires involving musculoskeletal health. Failure to identify history of high-versus low-intensity training may overlook higher effect sizes with higher intensities and therefore diminish the precision of statistical analysis with resistance training as a covariate and bias the confirmation of baseline homogeneity for experimental group designation. The purpose was to determine the degree to which a single question assessing participant history of resistance training intensity predicted differences in musculoskeletal health. Methods: In the first research aim, participants were separated into groups with a history (RT) …

Cognitive And Affective Scarcities And Relational Abundance: Lessons From The Confluence Of Extreme And Chronic Scarcities In Subsistence Marketplaces, Madhu Viswanathan

Marketing & Business Law Faculty Works

Research on subsistence marketplaces provides a number of insights about extreme and chronic resource scarcity as well as intangible scarcities in cognitive and affective realms. These insights have been developed from a variety of sources—quantitative and qualitative research, as well as education for communities and for students through a symbiotic academic-social enterprise. These insights are juxtaposed with extant work on scarcity in consumer research, to derive implications for future research and stimulate thinking on a broad variety of scarcities. Our holistic deep dive into extreme scarcity and its multiple dimensions from the perspective of consumer behavior has much to offer …

Investigating Los Angeles' Urban Roadway Network From A Biologically-Formed Perspective, Sophia Deen, Tatiana Kuzmenko, Demian A. Willette, Hossein Asghari

Biology Faculty Works

The evolution of networks is constrained by spatial properties of the environment; a characterization that is true in both biological and built networks. Hence built networks such as urban streets can be compared to biological networks to reveal differences in efficiency and complexity. This study assessed foraging networks created by the slime-mold Physarium polycephalum on proportional 3D-printed topographic maps of metropolitan city of Los Angeles, California. Rapidly-generated isomorphic solutions were found to be consistently and statistically shorter than existing roadways in system length. Slime mold also allocated resources to supporting key nodes, analogous to how heavy traffic flows through major …

Exploring Intuitive Eating Behaviors And Attitudes Among A Sample Of College Students, Kirsten Imhoff, Christin Seher Phd, Rdn, Ld, Kristen Debois Phd

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Background: This study examined the eating philosophy of college students at a public, four-year institution to build upon prior research of intuitive eating (IE), and to guide on-campus programming and services. Questions on whether IE behaviors and attitudes would differ between students pursuing health and non-health-related careers were also considered.

Methods: The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (Tylka and Kroon Van Diest, 2013) was replicated into a 33-question Qualtrics survey, and participation was solicited via email. A total of 109 usable surveys were collected with respondents identifying predominantly as female (64.22%), Caucasian (80.73%), and pursuing degrees in disciplines outside of health professions …

Fcs: The Living Curriculum, Sydni Brown

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

My honors project will be a literary review arguing why schools should be promoting Family and Consumer Sciences courses for their students. My project will cover the foundation of learning through Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) that sets the tone for lifelong health for both the mind and body. The questions I will be asking in my honors proposal will include How Family and Consumer Sciences is a living curriculum. What is the body of knowledge and how does that relate to FCS? My goal is to show how the Family and Consumer Sciences body of knowledge is ever-changing and …

Examining The Experiences Of Homicide Co-Victims To Inform A Survivor’S Guide To Healing, Grae Pollard

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The traumatic and unexpected death of a loved one, such as suicides, homicides, and traffic fatalities, is one of the most difficult experiences a person may go through. In Summit County, Ohio, bereaved families are served by Victim Assistance Program (VAP), who help promote the healing process through education, advocacy, and crisis intervention. VAP identified a need for a workbook to assist families with navigating the days and weeks that follow the death of their loved one. In order to create a brochure considerate of the possible needs of families grieving the tragedy, various aspects of their experience were researched. …

Measuring Eating Competence Among Participants Enrolled In A 15-Week Weight Management And Chronic Disease Prevention Program, Delaney Corrin Javens

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this research project is to measure eating competence among participants, ages 35 to 74 years-old, who are enrolled in a 15-week weight management and chronic disease prevention program at Summa Health Equity Center. The objective of this research is to determine whether the cohort's eating competence grew as a result of completing of the program that focuses on nutrition education, behavior modification, physical activity, and cooking demos. This data will be used to help program facilitators determine if the cohort's eating competence grew as a result of the nutrition and behavior modification provided throughout the program. Three …