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2020

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Development Of Specific Natural Bacterial Beta-Glucuronidase Inhibitors For Reducing Irinotecan-Associated Diarrhea, Fei Yang Jan 2020

Development Of Specific Natural Bacterial Beta-Glucuronidase Inhibitors For Reducing Irinotecan-Associated Diarrhea, Fei Yang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Irinotecan is a derived compound from the plant alkaloid camptothecin (CPT). It specifically inhibits eukaryotic DNA enzyme topoisomerase I. Irinotecan was approved by the FDA as the second-line therapy for metastatic colon or rectal cancer in 1996. However, one of its leading side effects is diarrhea. It has been reported that up to 88% of treated patients were suffering from diarrhea and 31% of cases with grade 3 or 4 diarrhea. Irinotecan is metabolized into SN-38G in the liver, then SN-38G is excreted to the intestinal tract and deconjugated back to SN-38 by bacterial β-glucuronidase. The free SN-38 in the …

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Congenital Morgagni Hernia Presenting As Complete Small Bowel Obstruction In The Adult - A Case Report, Sabah Uddin Saqib, Kulsoom Hamid, Tabish Umer Chawla Jan 2020

Congenital Morgagni Hernia Presenting As Complete Small Bowel Obstruction In The Adult - A Case Report, Sabah Uddin Saqib, Kulsoom Hamid, Tabish Umer Chawla

Section of General Surgery

Introduction: Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a condition in which there is a defect in the diaphragm present at the time of birth. Morgagni hernia is one of the two most common types of CDH which constitutes 2%-4% of diaphragmatic hernias. They mostly remain silent or discovered as an incidental finding on radiological studies. Symptomatic adult Morgagni hernias are extremely rare.
Presentation of case: Elderly woman presented with a 1-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and acute onset of respiratory distress. There was no history of trauma to the chest or abdomen. After initial resuscitation, a Chest x-ray was performed …

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Sarcopenia In Male Patients With Head And Neck Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy: A Longitudinal Pilot Study, Namrata S. Chauhan, Stephen Rajan Samuel, Niranjan Meenar, P. U.Prakash Saxena Jan 2020

Sarcopenia In Male Patients With Head And Neck Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy: A Longitudinal Pilot Study, Namrata S. Chauhan, Stephen Rajan Samuel, Niranjan Meenar, P. U.Prakash Saxena

Open Access archive

Introduction: Muscle wasting conditions such as sarcopenia may be highly prevalent in advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (16–71%), with these prevalence rates substantially greater in those who have received chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). According to the updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus statement, sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. The high prevalence of sarcopenia in HNC patients is concerning as it has been associated with substantially increased risk of CRT toxicity, respiratory complications and early mortality. With the high prevalence of HNC and sarcopenia in India and …

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Stress In Academic And Athletic Performance In Collegiate Athletes: A Narrative Review Of Sources And Monitoring Strategies, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Melissa Uftring, Cody Stahl, Robert G. Lockie, Brent Alvar, J. Bryan Mann, J. Jay Dawes Jan 2020

Stress In Academic And Athletic Performance In Collegiate Athletes: A Narrative Review Of Sources And Monitoring Strategies, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Melissa Uftring, Cody Stahl, Robert G. Lockie, Brent Alvar, J. Bryan Mann, J. Jay Dawes

Faculty Publications - Kinesiology and Recreation

College students are required to manage a variety of stressors related to academic, social, and financial commitments. In addition to the burdens facing most college students, collegiate athletes must devote a substantial amount of time to improving their sporting abilities. The strength and conditioning professional sees the athlete on nearly a daily basis and is able to recognize the changes in performance and behavior an athlete may exhibit as a result of these stressors. As such, the strength and conditioning professional may serve an integral role in the monitoring of these stressors and may be able to alter training programs …

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Toward A Symbiotic Perspective On Public Health: Recognizing The Ambivalence Of Microbes In The Anthropocene, S. Sariola, Scott F. Gilbert Jan 2020

Toward A Symbiotic Perspective On Public Health: Recognizing The Ambivalence Of Microbes In The Anthropocene, S. Sariola, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

Microbes evolve in complex environments that are often fashioned, in part, by human desires. In a global perspective, public health has played major roles in structuring how microbes are perceived, cultivated, and destroyed. The germ theory of disease cast microbes as enemies of the body and the body politic. Antibiotics have altered microbial development by providing stringent natural selection on bacterial species, and this has led to the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Public health perspectives such as “Precision Public Health” and “One Health” have recently been proposed to further manage microbial populations. However, neither of these take into account …

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Insights Into The Bioavailability Of Oceanic Dissolved Fe From Phytoplankton Uptake Kinetics, Yeala Shaked, Kristen N. Buck, Travis Mellett, Maria. T. Maldonado Jan 2020

Insights Into The Bioavailability Of Oceanic Dissolved Fe From Phytoplankton Uptake Kinetics, Yeala Shaked, Kristen N. Buck, Travis Mellett, Maria. T. Maldonado

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Phytoplankton growth in large parts of the world ocean is limited by low availability of dissolved iron (dFe), restricting oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. The bioavailability of dFe in seawater is however difficult to appraise since it is bound by a variety of poorly characterized organic ligands. Here, we propose a new approach for evaluating seawater dFe bioavailability based on its uptake rate constant by Fe-limited cultured phytoplankton. We utilized seven phytoplankton species of diverse classes, sizes, and provenances to probe for dFe bioavailability in 12 seawater samples from several ocean basins and depths. All tested phytoplankton acquired …

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Altered Tropical Seascapes Influence Patterns Of Fish Assemblage And Ecological Functions In The Western Indian Ocean, D. H. Chacin, C. D. Stallings, M. Eggertsen, C. Åkerlund, C. Halling, C. Berkström Jan 2020

Altered Tropical Seascapes Influence Patterns Of Fish Assemblage And Ecological Functions In The Western Indian Ocean, D. H. Chacin, C. D. Stallings, M. Eggertsen, C. Åkerlund, C. Halling, C. Berkström

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The arrangement and composition of habitats within landscapes and fine-scale habitat characteristics influence community structure and ecological processes. These aspects can be altered by anthropogenic activities, thus influencing associated assemblages. Farming of macroalgae is a common practice in tropical settings and alters the natural composition of seascapes by introducing monoculture patches. The farmed macroalgae may also differ in palatability compared to naturally-occurring macroalgae, influencing herbivory. This study assessed how these farms may differ from natural macroalgal beds in terms of habitat heterogeneity, fish assemblages, and herbivory. We surveyed fish assemblages and deployed macroalgal assays within macroalgal beds, farms and at …

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Soil Shear Strength Losses In Two Fresh Marshes With Variable Increases In N And P Loading, R. Eugene Turner, Christopher Swarzenski, James E. Bodker Jan 2020

Soil Shear Strength Losses In Two Fresh Marshes With Variable Increases In N And P Loading, R. Eugene Turner, Christopher Swarzenski, James E. Bodker

Faculty Publications

We measured soil shear strength (SSS) from 2009 to 2018 in two hydrologically distinct freshwater marshes dominated by Panicum hemitomon after nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) were applied to the surface in spring. The SSS averaged over 100-cm depth in the floating and anchored marshes declined up to 30% throughout the profiles and with no apparent differences in the effects of the low, medium, and high N + P dosing. Plots with only N or P additions exhibited significant changes in SSS at individual depths below 40 cm for the anchored marsh, but not the floating marsh. The average SSS …

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A Health Justice Perspective Of Asthma And Covid-19, Elizabeth Raterman Jan 2020

A Health Justice Perspective Of Asthma And Covid-19, Elizabeth Raterman

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

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Unh: The Magazine Of The University Of New Hampshire, Winter 2020, Unh Magazine Jan 2020

Unh: The Magazine Of The University Of New Hampshire, Winter 2020, Unh Magazine

UNH Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Why Prison Dental Care Matters: Legal, Policy, And Practical Concerns, Anne S. Douds, Eilenn M. Ahlin, Nicholas S. Fiore, Nicholas J. Barrish Jan 2020

Why Prison Dental Care Matters: Legal, Policy, And Practical Concerns, Anne S. Douds, Eilenn M. Ahlin, Nicholas S. Fiore, Nicholas J. Barrish

Public Policy Faculty Publications

Even when controlling for demographic characteristics, prisoners are far more likely than people in the general population to suffer from periodontal disease, to have unresolved oral health issues, to have decayed teeth, and/or to be missing teeth. Correlates of poor oral health, such as poor nutrition and smoking, are more prevalent among people of lower socioeconomic status, and this same population is at a higher risk than others for offending and incarceration. For some, prison is the only time in their adult lives when they will have seen a dentist. There are few free dental clinics in communities, regardless of …

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Seeking Shelter: How North Carolina Is Violating The State Constitution By Failing To Properly Educate Its Homeless Students, Wesley A. Stewart Jan 2020

Seeking Shelter: How North Carolina Is Violating The State Constitution By Failing To Properly Educate Its Homeless Students, Wesley A. Stewart

Campbell Law Review

Under Leandro v. State, the North Carolina Constitution guarantees a sound basic education for all students in public schools. North Carolina is failing to meet that demand with respect to the state's homeless students. Testing data from at least the last decade shows that there is a long-standing achievement gap between homeless students and their peers. This demonstrates that homeless students are not obtaining a sound basic education. Moreover, this failure is the result of both the state's action and inaction. There are, however, a number of solutions the state can implement to remedy its constitutional violation. This Comment explores …

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State Of Dilution: How U.S. Trademark And Anti-Dilution Law Violates The Agreement On Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights, Sherwet Witherington Jan 2020

State Of Dilution: How U.S. Trademark And Anti-Dilution Law Violates The Agreement On Trade-Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights, Sherwet Witherington

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Global Legal Constraints: How The International System Fails Small-Scale Farmers And Agricultural Biodiversity, Harming Human And Planetary Health, And What To Do About It, Susan H. Bragdon Jan 2020

Global Legal Constraints: How The International System Fails Small-Scale Farmers And Agricultural Biodiversity, Harming Human And Planetary Health, And What To Do About It, Susan H. Bragdon

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Placement Of Fitbit Hr Under Laboratory And Free-Living Conditions, Hyun Chul Jung, Minsoo Kang, Nan Hee Lee, Soeun Jeon, Sukho Lee Jan 2020

Impact Of Placement Of Fitbit Hr Under Laboratory And Free-Living Conditions, Hyun Chul Jung, Minsoo Kang, Nan Hee Lee, Soeun Jeon, Sukho Lee

Kinesiology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Wrist-worn activity monitors have become accessible for measuring physical activities, but an activity monitor’s accuracy worn at different placements is not well understood. This study aimed to examine the differences in measurements of heart rates, step counts, and calories estimated from the fitness tracker worn at different locations and the accuracy of Fitbit HR against criterion measures. Thirty-two healthy adults participated in this study. Participants wore Fitbit HR at four different locations (right proximal, distal, and left proximal, distal). Treadmill exercise consisted of five 5-min phases including slow walking and jogging. Free-living activities involved ten 5-min activities with four different …

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Recovery In Teachers: Barriers, Facilitators And The Relationship To Physical Stress Symptoms, Amber A. Blatchford Jan 2020

Recovery In Teachers: Barriers, Facilitators And The Relationship To Physical Stress Symptoms, Amber A. Blatchford

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Previous research has shown that teachers are at risk of experiencing significant work-related stress. Recovery is seen as a way to unwind from work stress caused by a myriad of stressors. This study examines the mechanisms of teacher recovery and their relationship to physical stress symptoms. Fifty high school teachers were recruited to participate from schools in South Florida. Physical stress symptoms were measured using a self-report survey called the Physical Symptoms Inventory (PSI) , which took place directly after the open-ended question portion of the survey. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess any connection between the …

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And The Gut Microbiome: The Effects Of Gut Microbial Metabolites On Nafld Progression In A 2-Organ Human-On-A-Chip Model, Rachel H. Boone Jan 2020

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And The Gut Microbiome: The Effects Of Gut Microbial Metabolites On Nafld Progression In A 2-Organ Human-On-A-Chip Model, Rachel H. Boone

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Using a novel, adipose-liver, two-organ, human-on-a-chip system, the metabolic disease non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was modeled. This model was then used to test the effects of the gut microbiome on NAFLD progression. Two products of the gut microbiome, Trimethylamine-n-oxide and butyrate, were selected as representatives of potentially harmful and potentially beneficial compounds. A dose response, adipocyte and hepatocyte monocultures controls, and HoaC systems were run for 14 days. Through this experimentation, it was found that a dysbiosis of the gut microbiome could be influencing NAFLD progression. Additionally, further development and discovery regarding adipose-liver systems was added to the ongoing conversation …

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Corruption And Anti-Corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness, Kia R. Del Solar Jan 2020

Corruption And Anti-Corruption Agencies: Assessing Peruvian Agencies' Effectiveness, Kia R. Del Solar

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Corruption has gained attention around the world as a prominent issue. This is because corruption has greatly affected several countries. Following the exploration of various definitions and types of corruption, this thesis focuses on two efforts to rein in “grand corruption”, also known as executive corruption. The thesis is informed by existing theories of corruption as well as anti-corruption agencies and then situates Peru’s experience with corruption in its theoretical context and its broader Latin American context. This work conducts a comparative analysis and follows a process-tracing approach to examine and evaluate Peru’s recent anti-corruption agencies and their effectiveness in …

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The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Mental Health And Neurological Disorders, Gabriella Victoria Fernandez De Salvo Jan 2020

The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Mental Health And Neurological Disorders, Gabriella Victoria Fernandez De Salvo

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Sleep deprivation is defined as an individual sleeping less than 6 hours per night. It is a common behavior amongst individuals who live in industrialized nations.Along with industrialization, its prevalence is also expected to rise with age. Despite this, there has been a shift in recent years with sleep deprivation increasing in the youth, likely related to the increased use of technology during the nighttime. Sleep deprivation and chronic sleep disruption are behaviors commonly observed amongst patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety. Many of these patients suffer from sleep disorders like …

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Evaluating The Nutritional Status Of Peruvian Born Children, Chantelle Garcia Medina Jan 2020

Evaluating The Nutritional Status Of Peruvian Born Children, Chantelle Garcia Medina

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Rural areas of Peru lack access to healthcare resources and poor nutritional knowledge of what should be given to their children throughout their growth and development. The majority of the rural areas rely on a high carbohydrate, moderate vegetable diet, and lacking a protein source. Lower protein intake can lead to problems of malnutrition and growth stunting. Families rarely have monetary resources to provide a protein at every meal for the entire family. There is also a lack of a clean water supply, free of parasites and helminths. Caregivers often rely on replenishing intake with other fluids high …

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The Effects Of Roundup On The Life History, Stress Response, And Immune Function Of The Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes Aegypti, Lindsay E. Martin Jan 2020

The Effects Of Roundup On The Life History, Stress Response, And Immune Function Of The Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes Aegypti, Lindsay E. Martin

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, vectors for many human diseases, begin life as larvae developing in water, potentially exposed to runoff with herbicides and pesticides. This study serves as a novel investigation into the transstadial effects of exposure to Roundup on A. aegypti life history, immunity, and stress response and aims to account for these effects in an R0 model for vectorborne disease transmission. Prior work has shown that Roundup negatively affects mosquito life history. I hypothesized that larval exposure to the maximum sublethal dose of Roundup (7189µg/L) would negatively impact A. aegypti life history, immunity (candidate gene approach), and stress response …

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Genetic Structure Of Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Foraging Aggregations On The East Coast Of Florida, Monica R. Reusche Jan 2020

Genetic Structure Of Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Foraging Aggregations On The East Coast Of Florida, Monica R. Reusche

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The genetic structure of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) foraging on the east coast of central Florida is not well understood, nor has it been examined over time. In the last three decades, the dramatic increase in the number of green sea turtle nests in Florida, in association with other population parameters, has led to this species being down-listed under the Endangered Species Act from “endangered” to “threatened” in the northwest Atlantic. However, it was unclear if the exponential growth in Florida nest numbers had any influence on the genetic structure of juveniles in nearby foraging aggregations. To …

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Perceptions And Punishment Of Human-Animal Altercations, Adriana C. Mata Guidi Jan 2020

Perceptions And Punishment Of Human-Animal Altercations, Adriana C. Mata Guidi

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Humans and animals have a widely varying relationship which has been studied at length. Examining our interactions with animals in negative contexts can help us further understand the factors that’s influence the nature of the human-animal relationship, particularly with our most popular companion animals. This study continues the use of a jury design, previously used in studies regarding animal abuse, to examine responses to a scenario of an altercation resulting in a dog biting a person. In this study, 243 undergraduate students read the scenario presented to them and completed a survey examining their judgements of blame and punishment for …

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Learning Outcomes With Gamification: An Integrative Review Of Gamification In Training For Occupational Health Psychology, Dishanki Savla Jan 2020

Learning Outcomes With Gamification: An Integrative Review Of Gamification In Training For Occupational Health Psychology, Dishanki Savla

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Gamification has received a lot of recognition over the past few years. The current generation has grown up playing video games and online gaming is increasing daily. Thus, I/O psychologists and other scholars have focused their attention on gamification in order to build intrinsic motivation in employees. Gamification can be explained as a method of applying gaming techniques in non-gaming concepts in order to increase productivity, knowledge, motivation, etc. Due to the increase in technology a different approach to encourage learning is crucial. The current generation of workers have been brought up using games and thus, using gamification at work …

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"The Milk Is Love": Understanding Mothers' Emotional Attachment To Breastmilk, Chandel M. Perez Jan 2020

"The Milk Is Love": Understanding Mothers' Emotional Attachment To Breastmilk, Chandel M. Perez

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Mothers are known to have an emotional attachment to their infant; however, some mothers also experience an emotional attachment to their own milk. Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary solids are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. Some mothers produce enough surplus milk to donate to a human milk bank. This thesis considers the emotional attachment to milk experienced by women who donate milk to a milk bank. This research is based on participant observation in a human milk bank in Florida and interviews collected …

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The Relationship Between Parent And Child Health Behaviors In Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Elise M. Arnold Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Parent And Child Health Behaviors In Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Elise M. Arnold

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Previous studies found that children with ASD tend to participate in lower amounts of physical activity (PA), accumulate greater hours of screen time (ST), and have poorer sleep quality (SQ), compared to typically developing (TD) youth. Unfortunately, these poor health behaviors put youth with ASD at a high risk for developing obesity, as well as other obesity-related conditions (e.g. Type 2 diabetes). In order to reduce this risk, it is critical to understand the factors that affect activity levels and sleep in youth with ASD. Several studies have demonstrated that parents may have a large influence on social behaviors in …

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Perceptions Of Oral Health Access Among Foreign-Born College Students, Rahema Khan Jan 2020

Perceptions Of Oral Health Access Among Foreign-Born College Students, Rahema Khan

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Oral health plays an integral role in our general health, wellbeing, and quality of life. Practicing evidence-based oral hygiene behaviors prevent oral diseases and improve systemic health. The burden of preventable oral diseases persists worldwide and weighs particularly heavy on specific population groups. While many studies have explored oral health among those of advanced age, children, and minority groups, there are a very few exploring the oral health care needs of postsecondary students, specifically those born outside of the United States (U.S.). Recognizing this gap in the literature, this study sought to gain a better understanding of oral health access …

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A Multinational Study Of The Etiology And Clinical Teleology Of Moral Evaluations Of Patient Behaviors, Anna Yu Lee Jan 2020

A Multinational Study Of The Etiology And Clinical Teleology Of Moral Evaluations Of Patient Behaviors, Anna Yu Lee

CGU Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation is a collection of four studies which collectively explore a hypothesized construct of ‘moral evaluation of patient behaviors’ (MEPB) as a driver of health professionals’ readiness to interact humanistically with their patients. In these studies, ‘humanistic interactions’ refer to the non-technical, intangible skills and factors of clinical competence; the factors specifically explored in these studies were compassion toward patients, self-efficacy for treating patients, and optimism toward patient treatment. For the purpose of specificity, all factors were examined as they pertained to patients with substance use disorders. Survey data from a convenience sample of 524 health professionals (i.e. physicians, …

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Challenges Faced By Bisexual And Gay Black Men On College Campuses, Sammie Lee Scales Jr Jan 2020

Challenges Faced By Bisexual And Gay Black Men On College Campuses, Sammie Lee Scales Jr

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Many previous studies have focused on the aggressive homophobic discrimination and harassment that LGBTQ students face on college campuses, as well as measures taken to improve their situation. However, few studies have explored the unique forms of sexual and racial discrimination encountered by Black male gay and bisexual college students (BMGBCS). Using intersectionality and queer theory as guiding philosophies, this study looks at how BMGBCS—being Black, male, and nonheterosexual—are subject to oppression at multiple levels of identity and in ways that are unique as regards the overall LGBTQ community. To accomplish this goal the study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach …

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Lecture: Challenges To The Protection Of Human Rights Today, Michelle Bachelet Jan 2020

Lecture: Challenges To The Protection Of Human Rights Today, Michelle Bachelet

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

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