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Improvements In Markers Of Fragility After 8-Weeks Of Resistance Training With Instability And/Or Cadence Walking In Persons With Mild To Moderate Parkinson’S Disease, Amanda Jones, Erin Smith, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Lindsay Edwards, Jill Jumper, Susan Teel, Donna Walls, Martha Smallwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), resistance training with instability (RTI) and cadence walking (CW) are effective in improving markers of fragility and motor function. The benefit of combining RTI and CW to markers of fragility and motor function in individuals with PD has not been studied. PURPOSE: to examine the effects of RTI, CW and RTI+CW on markers of fragility (6-minute walk (6MW), timed-up-and-go (TUG), walking speed, stride-to-stride variability and handgrip strength) in individuals with PD. METHODS: individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate PD (N=18 ( 6 female, 12 males); MHY stage=1.53 + 0.50; age = 63.67 …

Effects Of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phytochemicals Supplementation And Aerobic Exercise Training On Inflammatory And Hormonal Markers In Rats Fed Atherogenic Diet, Maria V. Aguirre, Sarah L. Ullevig, Li Li Ji, Tianou Zhang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Westernized diet and sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate systemic inflammation and provoke hormonal changes. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) derived phytochemicals Oleocanthal (Oleo) and Oleacein (Olea) demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of Oleo/Olea supplementation and aerobic exercise training (AET) on plasma inflammatory cytokines and hormones in rats fed high fat atherogenic diet. METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 12 weeks. Half of the rats were supplemented with 20% EVOO containing high Oleo/Olea (1000 mg/kg, HO, …

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Thermotherapy On Type 2 Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cell Viability And Gene Expression: Pilot Study, Louay Bachnak, Jean Sparks, Xavier F. Gonzales, Daniel Newmire, Felix Omoruyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions of people globally. Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance or a defective secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The skeletal muscle system accounts for 80% of glucose uptake and is a vital player in healthy aging and muscle mass maintenance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gene expression and cell viability in Type 2 Diabetic skeletal muscle. METHODS: Human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) and Diabetic Type 2 human skeletal muscle myoblast (D-HSMM) (Lonza Inc, Walkersville, MD) were cultured until 90% confluency was, …

Disuse Atrophy Occurs Without A Change In Mitochondrial Respiratory Control Ratio During Hindlimb Unloading In Mice, Indu Reddy Enukonda, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, David E. Lee, Jacob L. Brown, Richard A. Perry, Tyrone A. Washington, Nicholas P. Greene, Michael P. Wiggs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle atrophy commonly occurs during prolonged periods of inactivity, however, the precise mechanisms that cause muscle atrophy have yet to be determined. Specifically, a controversy exists on whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or consequence of disuse muscle atrophy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a change in the respiratory control ratio, which is a ratio of maximal O₂ respiration to leak respiration, could be detected prior to muscle atrophy in a time-course study in mice. METHODS: Disuse atrophy was induced using hindlimb unloading (HU) in adult, C57BL/6J male mice for 0 …

Replicating Intermittent Fasting In Human Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Pilot Study, Lael K. Ceriani, Felix Omoruyi, Jean Sparks, Daniel E. Newmire, Xavier F. Gonzales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most common form of diabetes (90-95% of diagnoses), is marked by decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) or a defect in insulin secretion. T2D disrupts nutrient signaling where the body cannot maintain adequate blood glucose levels. Inability to receive glucose in skeletal muscle due to insulin resistance in T2D results in oxidative stress and increased muscle atrophy. Properly regulated glucose uptake is pivotal for healthy aging and maintenance of the skeletal muscle system. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nutrient deprivation on human skeletal muscle metabolism, with an emphasis …

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval Running And Tabata On Post-Exercise Metabolism, Lauren E. Pate

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is unclear how post-exercise metabolism would compare following the completion of 2 different modes of high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effects of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and Tabata when performed at a similar duration and intensity. METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 7; 6F, 1M; age = 22.2 ± 2.1 yrs; body mass = 64.2 ± 12.0 kg; body fat% = 26.2±3.1) completed 1) a rest bout, 2) a Tabata bout using only body callisthenic exercises, and 3) a bout of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) on a motorized treadmill. Participants performed each of the 3 bouts on separate …

Clinical Case Study Abstract For Cervical Radiculopathy, Kendell Burgess, Vered Arbel, Terry Nicola, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

CASE HISTORY: The Patient was an 84-year-old male who presented with right arm tremors, right arm spasms, numbness and tingling. The patient stated that the numbness and tingling begun in the right fingers and radiated up to the right side of the neck. The pain is worse while driving and walking, especially over uneven surfaces. The pain did not inhibit his ADLs. He took Tylenol PM for the pain, though infrequently. The patient has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot pain, ankle pain, swelling of lower limb, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. PHYSICAL EXAM: Patient presented …

Case Presentation For Lumbar Radiculopathy Consistent With Foraminal Stenosis And Herniated Nucleus Pulpous, Obed Liera Sanchez, Vered Arbel, Terry Nicola, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient was a 38-year-old male who presented with right lower extremity (LE) pain when performing lower back movements, with no specific low back pain. He stated that five months ago he felt an aching in his calves after performing a Romanian Deadlift, with shooting pain in his right lower extremity that radiated below the knee into the calf including paresthesia. The patient started a prednisone taper that helped relieve some of the symptoms, but after two weeks the symptoms resurfaced. The pain prevented him from exercising or performing certain ADLs. PHYSICAL EXAM: Examination of the …

Acute Maltodextrin Supplementation During Resistance Exercise, Dylan T. Wilburn, Steven Machek, Tom Cardaci, Paul Hwang, Darryn Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Most of the research investigating the ergogenic enhancing mechanisms of carbohydrate have been conducted using aerobic based exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-exercise maltodextrin ingestion on resistance exercise performance, serum insulin, epinephrine, glucose, and muscle glycogen concentrations. METHODS: In a double blind, cross over, repeated measures design, participants completed four sets to failure at 70% of 1-RM with 45s rest on the angled leg press with or without pre-exercise maltodextrin (2g/kg) after a 3hr fast. Serum glucose, epinephrine, and insulin were assessed at baseline, 30 min post-ingestion, immediately after, and 1hr …

Geographic Disparity Of Female Athlete Triad Awareness And Access To Resources In The Ncaa, Anna G. Warner, Katherine H. Rizzone, Robert D. Chetlin, Scott Davis, Timothy Harvey, Paul M. Gordon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Female Athlete Triad is a pervasive, multifactorial morbidity among college athletes. The geographic disparity of female athlete triad awareness and access to resources in NCAA is unknown. PURPOSE: To determine geographic disparities in awareness of Triad components and resource access in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). METHOD: Division I-III NCAA compliance officers were sent an email containing a request to disseminate a web-based survey to cross country coaches in their respective conferences. The web-linked instrument included: a study synopsis; an informed consent statement, and; the IRB-approved survey tool. Respondents were grouped geographically based upon conference headquarters …

Ubiquitin Proteasome System Activity Is Suppressed By Curcumin Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage In Human Skeletal Muscle, Thomas D. Cardaci, Steven B. Machek, Dylan T. Wilburn, Paul S. Hwang, Darryn Willoughby Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to curcumin leads to dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). However, to date, no study has investigated curcumin’s ability to influence UPS activity in a human model. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of UPS activity in the presence of elevations in UPS activity due to exercise-induced muscle damage. METHODS: Twenty-three recreationally active male and female participants between the ages of 18-30 were randomized into …

Contribution Of The Ankle, Knee, And Hip To Total Lower Extremity Internal/External Rotation, Dylan P. Lidge, Tal Amasay, Vered Arbel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The nature of the ankle, knee, and hip interaction can profoundly impact the movement patterns of the lower extremities. The ability to internally and externally rotate the lower extremity is essential in order to effectively absorb and apply force. In previous studies, most measurements have been conducted in 2D using a protractor, while mainly evaluating the hip. Dysfunction in any joint throughout the kinetic chain can lead to inefficient movement patterns that can compromise performance and potentially lead to injury. Appreciating the complexity of the lower extremity brings to attention the importance of any segments that are compromised. PURPOSE: …

Case Presentation For Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Hannah Lattanzio, Vered Arbel, Terry Nicola, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient is a fourteen-year-old female who presented to the clinic for bilateral hip and lumbar back pain. She stated that the pain has been present for approximately seven months and described it as a deep ache in the low back and both hips anteriorly. The patient said she plays a variety of sports but denies any specific event that could contribute to her pain. She stated her pain is worse with prolonged walking, standing, and sitting. Additionally, the patient mentioned her first menstrual cycle lasted fifty-six days and she has since not had any following menses, …

The Influence Of Hip Position On Lower Extremity Internal/External Rotations And Its Reliability, Anne Jelie Panganiban, Vered Arbel, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The hip joint is important in activities of daily living (ADL), allowing tri-planar movements simultaneously. Range of motion (ROM) of the hips is essential for ADL, where a decreased hip ROM is associated with higher lower extremity injuries. Measuring ROM of the hips can assist in preventing lower extremity injuries. Goniometry is a common method used in measuring passive and dynamic hip ROM, however, limited mainly to non-weight bearing positions such as supine, prone and sitting. PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of weight bearing hip position on lower extremity internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM and its …

Plasma Lipid, Glucose, And Immune Responses To Consumption Of Nutritive And Nonnutritive Sweeteners And Exercise, Jarrett Walbolt, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Although nonnutritive sweeteners are widely used as substitutes for nutritive sweeteners, it is currently uncertain how these commonly available sweeteners affect plasma glucose and lipid metabolism. PURPOSE: To examine how nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners influence plasma lipid profiles, complete blood counts, and plasma glucose content at rest and during exercise. METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design study included 9 healthy, college aged, individuals (4 females and 5 males). In four separate visits, participants consumed 8 oz of sweetened drink in random order with either 445mg of stevia, 507mg of aspartame, 169mg of sucralose, or 110,000mg of sucrose mixed into water. …

Impact Of Astaxanthin Supplementation On Postprandial Oxidative Stress, Liliana I. Renteria, Matthew J. Mcallister

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid found in salmon and microalgae that has antioxidative properties. Previous research shows dietary supplementation may result in increased endogenous antioxidant status and reduced markers of oxidative stress (OS). Research suggests OS causes increased risk for cardiometabolic and other chronic diseases, making it important to find interventions that can decrease occurrence of OS. While astaxanthin has been shown to be antioxidative, most studies observing the impact of astaxanthin has on OS has involved rodent models, therefore human trials are needed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether four weeks of astaxanthin supplementation …

The Assessment Of Hydration Status And Renal Markers Associated With Acute Kidney Injury In Ncaa Division I Female Soccer Players During Preseason Training In South Texas: A Pilot Study, Jordan B. Wainwright, Julia N. Wallen, Anthony M. Sanchez, Noe Deanda, Xavier F. Gonzales, Darryn S. Willoughby, Heather E. Webb, Daniel E. Newmire

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent research suggest that recurrent heat-associated dehydration and strenuous physical exertion may be associated with the development of acute and potentially chronic renal dysfunction. Typical South Texas environmental conditions in August, during preseason, on NCAA female college athletes may warrant concerns for promoting acute kidney injury (AKI). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate hydration status and renal biomarkers in NCAA Division I female soccer athletes in South Texas during the preseason. METHODS: (Mean ± SEM; n = 12; age: 19.5 ± 0.9 y; ht: 167.6 ± 6.24 cm; wt: 66.6 ± 10.15 kg). Each subject …

Effects Of Virtual Reality During Rowing Ergometry On Metabolic And Performance Parameters, Tomas Chapman-Lopez, Nicholas J. Kelling, David J. Arecemant, William E. Amonette, Kirk L. English

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical activity and moderate or intense exercise improve musculoskeletal and metabolic health; however, approximately 80% of Americans do not meet the minimum exercise recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) or the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Exercise intensity may be the most important factor in eliciting positive physical outcomes with exercise. PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a proprietary virtual reality (VR) interface to increase metabolic and physical performance during rowing ergometry. METHODS: A novel VR software program for rowing ergometry was developed. Subsequently, sixteen apparently healthy, recreationally active individuals (12M, 4F; 35.5 ± 13.9 …

Reliability Of Unilateral Isometric And Dynamic Leg Press Force And Power, James P. Presley, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Julianna M. Dean, Kirk L. English, Zachary D. Von Ruff, Mark A. Sommer Ii, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Strength and power are critical components of athletic performance. Athletes commonly perform sport-specific movements off a single leg, but there are few reliable, easily administered unilateral leg force and power assessments. PURPOSE: To determine 1) the reliability of unilateral leg press maximal isometric force (MIF) and peak power tests and 2) the percentage of MIF that elicits unilateral peak power during a dynamic throw. We hypothesized that the tests would be reliable for the assessment of unilateral MIF and peak power and that unilateral peak power would be achieved at 50% of MIF. METHODS: Eighteen apparently healthy, recreationally active …

Effects Of Virtual Reality During Rowing Ergometry On Presence, Perceived Exertion, And Exercise Enjoyment, David J. Arcemant, Nicholas J. Kelling, Tomas Chapman-Lopez, William E. Amonette, Kirk L. English

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical inactivity is associated with a host of negative health outcomes. Approximately 80% of Americans do not meet minimum levels of recommended physical activity. Virtual reality (VR) may improve exercise outcomes by enhancing presence, decreasing perceived exertion, and increasing exercise enjoyment. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a proprietary VR interface on presence, perceived exertion, and exercise enjoyment during rowing ergometry. METHODS: First, we developed a novel VR software program for rowing ergometry. Subsequently, sixteen apparently healthy, recreationally active individuals (12M, 4F; 35.5 ± 13.9 y; 174.5 ± 10.1 cm; 80.4 ± 12.8 kg; VO₂max: 38.1 …

Improved Glucose Tolerance And Glucose Utilization With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation, Michael J. Sanchez, Michelle Galvan, Dante Nacim, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sedentariness and increased body fat are the leading risk factors for developing insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We have shown that muscle contraction induced by electrical pulse stimulation increase GLUT4 content in an in vitro primary cell culture model. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a novel alternative strategy to induce muscle contraction in humans. Although widely used in rehabilitation settings to prevent muscle atrophy, effectiveness of NMES-induced muscle contractions in improving metabolic health is not clear. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of four weeks of NMES on glucose tolerance, substrate utilization, and muscle mass in a sedentary overweight/obese …

Comparison Of Bioimpedance Analysis And Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry In Division Iii Football Athletes, Dylan J. Birdsell, Grant Tinsley, Javier Zaragoza, Matthias Tinnin, Jessica Prather, Christine Harrison, Shay Smith, Chris Lockwood, Lem Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition is an integral component of physiology and pathology, as well as an indication of how the musculoskeletal system changes over time in response to training and/or nutritional modifications. Two common methods of estimating body composition include bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There is a debate regarding the agreement between these two methods, and it is thought that the population being tested may influence the similarity of estimates obtained by these technologies. Limited data comparing these two methodologies in athletic populations are available. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to take examine the agreement …

Influence Of Subject Presentation On Body Composition Estimates From Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Air Displacement Plethysmography, And Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, Baylor A. Johnson, Jacob R. Dellinger, Marqui L. Benavides, Robert W. Smith, Sarah J. White, Abegale D. Williams, Christian Rodriguez, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body composition assessment devices are commonly employed to track changes associated with exercise or nutritional interventions. However, many individuals undergo body composition assessments with little to no pre-testing standardization of dietary intake or physical activity, potentially introducing error into their results. PURPOSE: To examine the validity of unstandardized body composition assessments relative to standardized assessments using three common body composition assessment devices. METHODS: Twenty-three resistance-trained males (Mean ± SD; 21.6 ± 2.6 years; 71.3 ± 6.8 kg; 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; 17.4 ± 4.1% DXA-derived percent body fat [%BF]) underwent paired body composition assessments via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Moderate-Intensity Continuous Cycling And High-Intensity Interval Cycling On Postprandial Lipemia And Glycemia, Autumn Oliver, David J. Buckley, James R. Rowe Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Both moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been reported to reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia and glycemia. It is unclear if performing MICE or HIIE of similar duration and work would have a comparable effect on postprandial lipemia or glycemia. PURPOSE: Examine the postprandial lipemic and glycemic response following the completion of high-intensity interval cycling (HIIC) and moderate-intensity continuous cycling (MICC) that is of equal duration and comparable work output. METHODS: Participants were mildly active males (n = 12; age = 21.9 ± 1.8 yrs; body mass = 90.1 ± 16.8 kg; BF% = …

No Changes In Appetite Stimulating Hormones Following Swimming And Cycling Exercise Interventions, Brandon G. Fico, Mohammed Alkatan, Yuzi Zhang, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Swimming is a favorable and ideal modality of exercise for individuals with obesity and arthritis as it encompasses a minimal weight-bearing stress and a reduced heat load. However, the available evidence indicates that regular swimming may not be effective in reducing body weight and body fatness. A current hypothesis is that exercise in cold water somehow stimulates appetite. PURPOSE: We determined the effect of swimming exercise training on fasting concentrations of ghrelin, insulin, leptin, and peptide YY in obese individuals with osteoarthritis. Cycling training was included as a non-weight bearing land-based comparison group. METHODS: Thirty-nine obese participants with …

The Effect Of Scapular Dyskinesis On Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Performance, Sophia Manokas, Tal Amasay, Vered Arbel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) is a functional assessment tool that measures the stability and mobility of the upper extremity, while also analyzing symmetry. Scapular dyskinesis is defined as an alteration of the positioning and function of the scapula that impacts the overall kinetic chain, inhibiting proper shoulder movement. This condition is most prevalent in athletes participating in overhead sports such as swimming and tennis. Scapular dyskinesis decreases the range of motion of the shoulder resulting in a weakened performance. While it is unknown whether scapular dyskinesis is a cause or effect, it is believed that it increases the …

Acute Vs. Chronic Citrulline Malate Supplementation On Muscle Fatigue, Alyssa N. Fick, Tyler M. Farney, Matthew S. Stone, Robert J. Kowalsky, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Citrulline malate has been proposed to aid in reducing fatigue by increasing blood flow through promoting an increase in the nitric oxide synthase pathway along with the ability to remove ammonia and lactate accumulations. Results on the effectiveness of an acute supplementation are mixed, but it is proposed that regular consumption may help to attenuate the onset of fatigue during exercise. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic citrulline malate supplementation on fatigue rate of the quadriceps. METHODS: Recreationally trained males (n=18, 24±5 yr, 83±14 kg, 174±6 cm) participated in seven testing sessions. The familiarization …

Call For Advanced Training And Diet Programs Due To High Metabolic Demands Of Firefighting, Andrew E. Gonzalez, Matthew J. Mcallister

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters (FF) require high levels of muscular strength and cardiovascular fitness in order to meet the demands of firefighting. The National Fire Protection Association reported FF in the US are not meeting health and fitness recommendations, which results in poor simulated and on-duty occupational performance. PURPOSE: to examine the demands and stress placed on FF during a series of simulated FF specific physical tasks and identify potential strategies to improve FF specific performance variables. METHODS: Twenty apparently healthy male professional structural FF completed a battery of nine FF specific exercises/movements during a simulated fire ground test (FGT). The exercise included …

Fiber Type Profile And Its Relation To Wilks Coefficient In Both Male And Female Powerlifters, Steven B. Machek, Darryn Willoughby Phd, James R. Bagley, Andrew J. Galpin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While powerlifters tend to display higher fast-twitch fiber content, it is unknown if this content predicts competitive performance via Wilks coefficient. Purpose: to 1) compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) fiber type (FT) profiles between powerlifters and sedentary controls of both sexes, and 2) determine if fast-twitch fiber content predicts Wilks coefficient. Methods: Twelve actively competing powerlifters (PL; n=6M/6F; age=21±1.0y; 3.0±1.8y competing; 7.3±6.6 meets attended) and ten sedentary controls (CON; n=5M/5F; age=19.4±2.0y) underwent vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, with samples analyzed for MHC isoform content via mixed homogenate SDS-PAGE. Individual MHC isoform differences between group and sex were analyzed using a …

Relationship Between Muscular Performance Changes And Increases In Body Mass During Overfeeding Plus Resistance Training, Christian Rodriguez, Robert W. Smith, Matthew T. Stratton, Patrick S. Harty, Baylor A. Johnson, Jacob R. Dellinger, Marqui L. Benavides, Bradley Vincent, Abegale D. Williams, Sarah J. White, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Two critical components of muscular performance are muscular strength (e.g., the maximal load that can be lifted for a given exercise) and muscular endurance (e.g., the maximal number of repetitions that can be performed at a given load). When seeking improvements in muscular performance, it is common to employ nutritional strategies that create an energy surplus and a resultant gain in body mass. Varying rates of body mass gain are often prescribed to optimize training adaptations, including improvements in muscular performance; however, the relationship between rate of body mass gain and muscular performance improvements, if any, is not entirely clear. …