Digital Commons Network^™

Using A Difference-In-Differences Approach To Examine The Impact Of The State Earned Income Tax Credit On Student Educational Outcomes, Caroline Louise Vanchiere

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Shifts Between Maternal Care And Infanticide Behaviors In Female Mouthbrooding Astatotilapia Burtoni Are Associated With Activation Of Galanin Neurons, Erandi Madushani Herath

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of A Blueberry-Enriched Diet On Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury, Oxidative Stress, And Inflammation In An Adult Mouse Model, Jimmy Taylor

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Review Of Racial Disparities: Healthcare, Health Outcomes, And Outreach Programs, Lauren Bagneris

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Correlation Between Leaf Morphology And Environmental Niche In The Eucentropogonid Subclade Of Species-Rich Neotropical Bellflowers (Campanulaceae), Ayah Ibrahim

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Racial Differences In Body Composition And Cardiometabolic Risk During The Menopause Transition: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study, Kara L. Marlatt, Leanne M. Redman, Robbie A. Beyl, Steve R. Smith, Catherine M. Champagne, Fanchao Yi, Jennifer C. Lovejoy

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity disproportionately affects more women than men. The loss of ovarian function during the menopause transition coincides with weight gain, increases in abdominal adiposity, and impaired metabolic health. Racial differences in obesity prevalence that results from the menopause transition are not well understood. Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess longitudinal changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk among black and white women during the menopausal transition. Study Design: In a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational cohort study (the Healthy Transitions study), 161 women ≥43 years old with a body mass index of 20–40 kg/m2 and …

Psychological And Behavioral Determinants Of Weight Loss: A Need For Research To Determine Causation, Corby K. Martin, Eric Ravussin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Increased Energy Intake After Pregnancy Determines Postpartum Weight Retention In Women With Obesity, Jasper Most, Abby D. Altazan., Marshall St Amant, Robbie A. Beyl, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redma

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Context: This study was designed to understand causes and critical periods for postpartum weight retention by characterizing changes in body composition, energy intake, energy expenditure and physical activity in women with obesity during pregnancy and postpartum. Design: In this prospective, observational cohort study, body composition (plethysmography), energy expenditure (doubly labeled water, whole-body room calorimetry), physical activity (accelerometry), metabolic biomarkers, and eating behaviors were measured. Energy intake was calculated by the intakebalance method for pregnancy, and for 2 postpartum periods (0 to 6 months and 6 to 12 months). Results: During the 18-month observation period, weight loss occurred in 16 (43%) …

Circulating Lysophosphatidylcholines In Early Pregnancy And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes In Chinese Women, Jinnan Liu, Jing Li, Sainan Li, Junhong Leng, Weiqin Li, Wen Yang, Xiaoxu Huo, Liwei Chen, Ronald C.W. Ma, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Xilin Yang

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study aimed to explore associations of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and whether LPCs mediated the associations of bile acids with GDM risk or had interactive effects with bile acids on GDM risk. Design: We conducted a 1:1 nested case-control study (n = 486) from a large prospective pregnant women cohort in urban Tianjin, China. Blood samples were collected at their first antenatal care visit (median at 10th gestational week). LPCs were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Conditional binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to identify cutoff …

Predicting Weight Loss Using Psychological And Behavioral Factors: The Pounds Lost Trial, Xiaoran Liu, Dennis J. Hanseman, Catherine M. Champagne, George A. Bray, Lu Qi, Donald A. Williamson, Stephen D. Anton, Frank M. Sacks, Jenny Tong

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Context: Eating habits and food craving are strongly correlated with weight status. It is currently not well understood how psychological and behavioral factors influence both weight loss and weight regain. Objective: To examine the associations between psychological and behavioral predictors with weight changes and energy intake in a randomized controlled trial on weight loss. Design and setting: The Prevention of Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies is a dietary intervention trial that examined the efficacy of 4 diets on weight loss over 2 years. Participants were 811 overweight (body mass index, 25-40.9 kg/m2; age, 30-70 years) otherwise healthy adults. Results: Every …

Towards Better Evidence-Informed Global Action: Lessons Learnt From The Lancet Series And Recent Developments In Physical Activity And Public Health, Ding Ding, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Adrian E. Bauman, Ulf Ekelund, I. Min Lee, Gregory Heath, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Rodrigo Reis, Michael Pratt

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

In the past few decades, the field of physical activity has grown and evolved in scope, depth, visibility and impact around the world. Global progress has been observed in research and practice in physical activity regarding surveillance, health outcomes, correlates/determinants, interventions, translation and policy. The 2012 and 2016 Lancet series on physical activity provide some of the most comprehensive global analysis on various topics within physical activity. Based on the Lancet series and other key developments in the field, literature searches, and expert group meetings and consultation, we provide a global summary on the progress of, gaps in and future …

Lipids And Ketones Dominate Metabolism At The Expense Of Glucose Control In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Hyperglycaemic Clamp And Metabolomics Study, Jacob T. Mey, Adithya Hari, Christopher L. Axelrod, Ciarán E. Fealy, Melissa L. Erickson, John P. Kirwan, Raed A. Dweik, Gustavo A. Heresi

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Individuals with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) display reduced oral glucose tolerance. This may involve defects in pancreatic function or insulin sensitivity but this hypothesis has not been tested; moreover, fasting nutrient metabolism remains poorly described in PAH. Thus, we aimed to characterise fasting nutrient metabolism and investigated the metabolic response to hyperglycaemia in PAH. 12 participants (six PAH, six controls) were administered a hyperglycaemic clamp, while 52 (21 PAH, 31 controls) underwent plasma metabolomic analysis. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, free fatty acids and acylcarnitines were assessed from the clamp. Plasma metabolomics was conducted on fasting plasma samples. The clamp verified …

Joint International Consensus Statement For Ending Stigma Of Obesity, Francesco Rubino, Rebecca M. Puhl, David E. Cummings, Robert H. Eckel, Donna H. Ryan, Jeffrey I. Mechanick, Joe Nadglowski, Ximena Ramos Salas, Phillip R. Schauer, Douglas Twenefour, Caroline M. Apovian, Louis J. Aronne, Rachel L. Batterham, Hans Rudolph Berthoud, Camilo Boza, Luca Busetto, Dror Dicker, Mary De Groot, Daniel Eisenberg, Stuart W. Flint, Terry T. Huang, Lee M. Kaplan, John P. Kirwan, Judith Korner, Ted K. Kyle, Blandine Laferrère, Carel W. Le Roux, La Shawn Mciver, Geltrude Mingrone, Patricia Nece, Tirissa J. Reid, Ann M. Rogers, Michael Rosenbaum, Randy J. Seeley

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

People with obesity commonly face a pervasive, resilient form of social stigma. They are often subject to discrimination in the workplace as well as in educational and healthcare settings. Research indicates that weight stigma can cause physical and psychological harm, and that affected individuals are less likely to receive adequate care. For these reasons, weight stigma damages health, undermines human and social rights, and is unacceptable in modern societies. To inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the public about this issue, a multidisciplinary group of international experts, including representatives of scientific organizations, reviewed available evidence on the causes and harms of …

Effects Of Sea-Level Rise On Physiological Ecology Of Populations Of A Ground-Dwelling Ant, L. M. Hooper-Bùi, R. M. Strecker-Lau, D. M. Stewart, M. J. Landry, A. M. Papillion, S. N. Peterson, R. A. Daniel

Faculty Publications

Introduction Sea-level rise is a consequence of climate change that can impact the ecological and physiological changes of coastal, ground-dwelling species. Sea-level rise has a potential to inundate birds, rodents, spiders, and insects that live on the ground in coastal areas. Yet, there is still much to be learned concerning the specifics of these impacts. The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Buren) excavates soil for its home and is capable of surviving flooding. Because of their ground-dwelling life history and rapid reproduction, fire ants make an ideal model for discovery and prediction of changes that may be due to …

Nucleolar Stress In Drosophila Neuroblasts, A Model For Human Ribosomopathies, Sonu Shrestha Baral, Molly E. Lieux, Patrick J. Dimario

Faculty Publications

Different stem cells or progenitor cells display variable threshold requirements for functional ribosomes. This is particularly true for several human ribosomopathies in which select embryonic neural crest cells or adult bone marrow stem cells, but not others, show lethality due to failures in ribosome biogenesis or function (now known as nucleolar stress). To determine if various Drosophila neuroblasts display differential sensitivities to nucleolar stress, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt the Nopp140 gene that encodes two splice variant ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs). Disruption of Nopp140 induced nucleolar stress that arrested larvae in the second instar stage. While the majority of larval …

Economic Burden And Mental Health Of Primary Caregivers Of Perinatally Hiv Infected Adolescents From Kilifi, Kenya, Patrick V. Katana, Amina Abubakar, Moses K. Nyongesa, Derrick Ssewanyana, Paul Mwangi, Charles R. Newton, Julie Jemutai

Institute for Human Development, East Africa

Background: Eighty per cent of perinatally HIV infected (PHI) adolescents live in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), a setting also characterized by huge economic disparities. Caregiving is crucial to the management of chronic illness such as HIV/AIDS, but the economic costs and mental disorders borne by caregivers of PHI adolescents often go unnoticed. In this study, we evaluated economic costs, coping strategies and association between economic cost and mental health functioning of caregivers of perinatally HIV infected adolescents in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods: We used a cost of illness descriptive analysis approach to determine the economic burden and Patient Health Questionnaire …

Evaluation Of Anterior Pituitary Leptin Receptor Expression In Pregnant And Non-Pregnant Gilts, Juliana Pederson, Jeffrey Clapper

Schultz-Werth Award Papers

Successful reproduction in porcine depends on the coordinated synthesis and release of several hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. Leptin, a hormone produced from adipocytes, interacts with other specific reproductive hormones and affects the reproductive success in swine. However, the full extent of leptin’s impact is unclear. This experiment sought to examine the difference in expression between the anterior pituitary gland leptin receptors in pregnant and non-pregnant pigs to confer the impact leptin has on reproductive success. Twentyfour crossbred gilts of similar age and weight had their estrus cycles synchronized and then were bred via artificial insemination. The …

Mental Illness In The Family, Alina M. Baltazar

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Mis-Nourished Nation: Analysis Of The Impact Of Snap Benefits On Food Deserts In The U.S., Audrey E. Maynard

Student Publications

Researchers from a range of fields have been concerned with learning about and addressing food security and access issues, but have done less to tackle the specific issue of food deserts. Rooted in a historical analysis of diet and health, I examine how trends in agricultural subsidies and other structural factors contribute to a cycle of health issues, poverty and “mis-nourishment”. Further, I review and evaluate existing interventions. Then, with the use of grounded theory, I conduct a systematic review of sources within the EBSCO Host database concerning both “food access, insecurity and deserts” and “SNAP Benefits” to determine the …

Neighborhood Change Within New Jersey: The Evolutionary History That Led To The New Newark, David Medina

Student Publications

As Newark lies 10 miles west of Manhattan, there is an increased encroachment from investors and gentrifies as surrounding cities such as Hoboken and Jersey City become too expensive and overcrowded. Known as the “Brick City”, Newark has history dating back to 1666. Leading up to World War II Newark was thriving, until an increase in suburban development and white flight that altered the race demographic. After years of racial stigma, the history of Newark is at risk as gentrification and neighborhood change looms over the city and its 282,862 residents, many of which are minorities.

Impact Of Standing Desk Intervention On Sedentary Behavior Of 4th Grade Students, Maddee Duh

Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)

Abstract

The object of this study was to compare the differences in sedentary behavior of fourth grade students at standing desks to those at traditional desks. The hypothesis of implementing standing desks within the classroom was to decrease the sedentary behavior of the students and the null hypothesis was that the results would show no statistically significant difference. Research took place at a small private elementary in the Midwest. Data was collected on thirteen 4^th grade students using accelerometers. The thirteen students were split into groups of four, and the intervention was completed with each individual group for a …

A High Glucose Concentration Is Well Tolerated By Colorectal Adenocarcinoma And Melanoma Cells But Toxic To Normal Human Gingival Fibroblast: Results Of An In Vitro Investigation, Muhammad Alif Mazlan, Afzan Mat Yusof, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Glucose is associated with weight gain, which increases the risk of cancer. There is insufficient information on the effects of high glucose concentrations on cell lines. This study evaluated the viability patterns of human cancer and normal cell lines treated with glucose.

Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (hGF), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29), and skin malignant melanoma (A375) cell lines were cultured and treated with additional glucose in three respective concentrations: 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml. Then, cell viability was measured using an MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)-assay. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences …

Debt Bondage: How Private Collection Agencies Keep The Formerly Incarcerated Tethered To The Criminal Justice System, Bryan L. Adamson

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

This Article examines the constitutionality of statutes which allow courts to transfer outstanding legal financial obligations to private debt collection agencies. In Washington State, the clerk of courts can transfer the legal financial obligation of a formerly incarcerated person if he or she is only thirty days late making a payment. Upon transfer, the debt collection agencies can assess a “collection fee” of up to 50% of the first $100.000 of the unpaid legal financial obligation, and up to 35% of the unpaid debt over $100,000. This fee becomes part of the LFO debt imposed at sentencing, and like that …

The Domestic And Global Implications Of Considering Non-Us Origin A Risk Factor For Tuberculosis In The United States, Emma Gile 20

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.

Quarantining And Dining, Madeline Flagg

Honors Projects

Quarantining and Dining captures and reflects the many ways in which comfort is provided through food. The project content was collected through food culture research, interviews, and observation and then mediated through Instagram. The Instagram feed has a designed aesthetic architecture and branding system that makes it distinct and identifiable. The Instagram account name can be found @Quarantininganddining. Although the project is rooted in Midwestern food culture, the perspectives provided are from across the United States, as well as from numerous occupations in order to express a diverse range of perspectives. The Instagram account encourages interaction and an exchange of …

Assessment Of Benefit Of Advanced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Training: Challenges And Solutions, Kelly C Cushing, Tomer Adar, Matthew Ciorba, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Advanced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) fellowships are available for gastroenterologists who wish to increase their expertise in complex IBD. However, little is known about the outcomes of such training. The aims of this study were to assess clinical and academic outcomes following advanced training in IBD.

METHODS: We surveyed gastroenterologists who completed advanced IBD fellowships and compared competency and outcomes to gastroenterologists focusing in IBD who completed gastroenterology training alone. Participants completed a survey via REDCap. Continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests.

RESULTS: A total of …

Stunting And Infectious Disease In Ethiopian And Zambian Children, Alyssa Arndt

NUTR/GLST 498b: Global Research Experiences in Nutrition and Health

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether children who are malnourished/stunted are more likely to have experienced infectious disease.

METHODS: 6th and 7th students (n=546) were interviewed about health history and assessed using anthropometry.

RESULTS: Children who are short for their age also have higher rates of stunting. Malaria is the most experienced infectious disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Given that malaria was the most common infectious disease experience listed among middle school children, and that those who have experienced disease are more likely to be stunted, increased malaria prevention methods may improve the long-term health of Ethiopian and Zambian schoolchildren.

Water Current, Volume 52, No. 1, Spring 2020

Water Current Newsletter

MOD$$AT: Ogallala Water CAP’s Integrated Model

The Lowdown on Soil Moisture Monitoring

Innovations in Forages and Grazing in the High Plains

Time For A Change? Brain Activity And Behavioral Performance Reveal Different Dynamics At Short, Intermediate, And Long Delay Intervals During A Delay Discounting Task, Conrad A. Mohr-Eymer

Honors Thesis

In our day to day lives, the ability to make goal-oriented decisions plays a crucial role in both our work and social lives. Therefore, researchers have examined how factors such as a varying reward or delay may affect decision making. One’s performance when making intertemporal choices, decisions made between a smaller and sooner (SS) reward and a larger and later (LL) reward, are often examined to study these factors. Although time and reward magnitude are important dimensions when individuals make decisions during delay discounting, little is known about the relationship between time perception, reward magnitude, and underlying neural mechanisms. To …

Occurrence And Persistence Of Antibiotics Administered To Cattle In A Newly Established Feedlot, Brittany Trejo

Department of Environmental Engineering: Theses and Other Student Research

The common practice of using therapeutic antibiotics in livestock farming is a worldwide phenomenon. Over the last decade, there has been a growing concern of antibiotics entering the environment via animal manure. Similar studies have focused on the occurrence and biological effects of antibiotics in land-applied animal feedlots; however, limited research has been conducted on the occurrence and persistence of antibiotics in animal feedlots. A study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and persistence of four injected antibiotics (ceftiofur enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and tulathromycin) and two continuously fed antibiotics (monensin and tylosin) in feedlot sediment, runoff, and sediment runoff. For antibiotics …