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2020

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A Collaborative Hypertension Clinic Pilot Program In A Rural Primary Care, Nicole Catherine Pink Jan 2020

A Collaborative Hypertension Clinic Pilot Program In A Rural Primary Care, Nicole Catherine Pink

Nursing

In 2019, there were about seventy-million Americans with uncontrolled high blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (HTN) (Kitt, Fox, Tucker & McManus, 2019). Hypertension is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide (Stephen, Halcomb, McInnes, Batterham & Zwar, 2019). Uncontrolled HTN contributes to stroke, myocardial infarction, and renal failure, and is the most modifiable risk factor for heart disease and death (American Academy of Family Physicians [AAFP], 2019; Oparil & Schmider, 2015). Patients living in rural America have an increased prevalence of HTN and their access to preventative health services is lower (Buford, 2016; Caldwell, Ford, Wallace, Wang & Takahashi, 2016). …

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Identifying Barriers To Preventive/Primary Care Utilization Of Men In A Rural Setting, Shaun Earl Seibold Jan 2020

Identifying Barriers To Preventive/Primary Care Utilization Of Men In A Rural Setting, Shaun Earl Seibold

Nursing

The purpose of the project was to identify barriers preventing men living in a rural setting, ages 19-60 from participating in routine preventative/primary care. Nationally and globally, men experience greater rates of morbidity and mortality due to chronic illness (Xu, Murphy, Kochanek, Bastian, & Arius, 2018). The literature suggests men do not routinely engage in primary care services (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). The lack of participation leads to men experiencing poorer health outcomes (Banks & Baker, 2013; Baker & Shand, 2017; Pinkashov et al., 2013). Consistent and early access to primary care will help reduce the …

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Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Needs In Rural Nd: A Needs Assessment, Hailey Sierra Pomonis Jan 2020

Adolescent Sexual And Reproductive Needs In Rural Nd: A Needs Assessment, Hailey Sierra Pomonis

Nursing

In order to reduce sexual risk behaviors and related health problems, preventative and educational measures must be implemented to help adolescents adopt lifelong attitudes and behaviors that support their health and well-being. Given the period of adolescence is a time of increased risk, positive health practices are vital. The end goal of this quality improvement project is to help form positive health practices during the period of adolescence, this in turn will create a healthy and strong passageway into adulthood. A qualitative approach was used to elicit the perspectives of adolescents, health providers, educators, and parents regarding the sexual and …

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Diabetes Education Among American Indians On The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation: Improving Educational Interventions In The School Setting, Lisa Marie Swanson Jan 2020

Diabetes Education Among American Indians On The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation: Improving Educational Interventions In The School Setting, Lisa Marie Swanson

Nursing

Minority populations such as American Indians (AIs) in the United States experience large-scale healthcare related disparities when compared with non-minority citizens. Diabetes can affect all races and ethnicities across the globe, regardless of age, sex, or location on the map, and affects AIs at disproportionately high rates. While type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is not preventable, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be prevented and avoided in some instances. The implementation of an evidence-based diabetes program in a school-based setting has the potential to positively improve the health of school-aged children. Based on the need for high-quality diabetes prevention education, …

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The Effects Of Agricultural Factors On Foodborne Bacterial Pathogen Isolation, Attachment, And Survival, Autumn Lea Kraft Jan 2020

The Effects Of Agricultural Factors On Foodborne Bacterial Pathogen Isolation, Attachment, And Survival, Autumn Lea Kraft

Microbiological Sciences

The pathogens enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes are prominent causes of foodborne illness. If they reach the pre- or post-harvest environment of produce, they can survive for extended periods of time and transfer to post-harvest processing to reach consumers. There are a multitude of factors that influence this survival, bacterial attachment, and isolation, which have been identified for pre- and post-harvest conditions. However, how these pathogens respond to the changes in these systems requires more work to inform effective control methods. To compare the efficacy of an isolation method in different types of matrices, we used …

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High Tunnels Extend The Growing Season In Warm Season Crops Tomato, Cucumber And Bell Pepper, Kyla Louise Splichal Jan 2020

High Tunnels Extend The Growing Season In Warm Season Crops Tomato, Cucumber And Bell Pepper, Kyla Louise Splichal

Plant Sciences

High tunnels are used to modify the crop environment by trapping solar energy, providing protection from unfavorable weather events, and extending the growing season in temperate regions. This project assessed yield and quality in three independent cultivar trials of warm-season crops tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under high tunnel production compared with an outdoor field in eastern and western North Dakota. Tomato yields in the high tunnel were increased by 1.4 times over the field trial yields. Yields from the pepper cultivar trials both inside the high tunnel and outside …

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Managing Soybean Cyst Nematode By Utilizing Cover Crops And Resistant Sources From Early Maturing Soybean Accessions, Krishna Acharya Jan 2020

Managing Soybean Cyst Nematode By Utilizing Cover Crops And Resistant Sources From Early Maturing Soybean Accessions, Krishna Acharya

Plant Sciences

Greenhouse and microplot studies were conducted for understanding the effects of cover crop species/cultivars for hosts and population reduction of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) from the fields of North Dakota. Moreover, early-maturing soybean [Glycine max (L.)] accessions from different countries of origin were screened for resistance against two common SCN populations for finding new sources of resistance. Thirty-eight cover crop species/cultivars were evaluated for their hosting ability of two SCN populations (SCN103 and SCN2W) from two fields of North Dakota in greenhouse experiments. The majority of the tested crops were non-hosts for both SCN populations. However, a few …

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The Molecular Basis Of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance In Cercospora Beticola And The Role Of Seed Inoculum In Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease Of Sugar Beet, Rebecca Ellen Spanner Jan 2020

The Molecular Basis Of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance In Cercospora Beticola And The Role Of Seed Inoculum In Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease Of Sugar Beet, Rebecca Ellen Spanner

Plant Sciences

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet worldwide. CLS is caused by the filamentous fungus Cercospora beticola. Disease management currently relies upon timely application of fungicides, but reliance on certain chemical classes has led to the development of resistance in multiple C. beticola populations. One such class is the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides of which the genetic basis of resistance has been unclear. Therefore, the first objective of this PhD research was to perform a genome-wide association study on 190 C. beticola isolates to identify mutations associated with tetraconazole (a common DMI) fungicide resistance. …

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Comparative Study On Hulled Wheats Kernel, Flour, Dough Quality And Dietary Fiber Variation, Jayani Chathurika Sandarani Maddakandage Dona Jan 2020

Comparative Study On Hulled Wheats Kernel, Flour, Dough Quality And Dietary Fiber Variation, Jayani Chathurika Sandarani Maddakandage Dona

Plant Sciences

This study was conducted to evaluate the kernel, flour and dough qualities and dietary fiber content of hulled wheats. Experimental design was separate randomized complete block designs for hulled wheat species with four field replicates. According to the results, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in kernel quality, flour, and dough quality compared to common bread wheat. Einkorn and spelt reported significantly lower insoluble dietary fiber and total dietary fiber content, in contrast emmer had contents with both higher and lower genotypes. Interestingly, few genotypes of hulled wheat had a higher content of low molecular weight soluble dietary fibers (LMW-SDF) such as fructo and galacto oligosaccharides. Overall, hulled wheats differed from modern bread wheat in their kernel, flour, baking and nutritional quality. Moreover, due to higher LMW-SDF content, hulled wheats would be a potential candidate for breeding and producing health beneficial novel food products.

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Black Bean Milling And Flour Functionality, Hettige Supun Sandaru Fernando Jan 2020

Black Bean Milling And Flour Functionality, Hettige Supun Sandaru Fernando

Plant Sciences

Dry bean utilization by the food industry can be increased by developing value-added processing applications. The goals of this research were to evaluate (1) the effect of milling method on the physical, chemical and functional properties of whole black bean flour and its fractions and (2) the effect of removing soluble phenolic compounds on the functional and rheological properties of black bean protein isolates. Black bean was milled with five laboratory mills [cyclone mill, hammer mill, stone mill (fine, medium, coarse), disc mill (fine, coarse), and centrifugal mill (10,000 or 12,000 rpm and 250, 500, 1000 μm aperture screen)] and …

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Functional Bioactive Compounds From Sweet Potatoes For Human Health Benefits, Pradeepika Chintha Jan 2020

Functional Bioactive Compounds From Sweet Potatoes For Human Health Benefits, Pradeepika Chintha

Plant Sciences

Global food and nutritional insecurities, public health challenges of diet-linked non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), and rapid climate change-linked agricultural production challenges are interconnected and require urgent attention. Therefore, to address these complex and interconnected challenges, it is essential to advance robust and resilient strategies based on sustainable agricultural production practices, wider integration of nutritionally-balanced plant-based foods in the diet, improvement of human health-targeted nutritional qualities, post-harvest preservation qualities and food processing optimization. Therefore, food plants that are climate resilient and rich source of human health protective nutritional bioactives, such as sweet potato are ideal dietary targets for advancing global food …

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Understanding Host Resistance And Pathogen Biology In The Wheat-Fusarium Graminearum Pathosystem, Bikash Poudel Jan 2020

Understanding Host Resistance And Pathogen Biology In The Wheat-Fusarium Graminearum Pathosystem, Bikash Poudel

Plant Sciences

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major challenge in global wheat production. In the United States, the disease is predominantly caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. Utilization of FHB-resistant wheat cultivars integrated with other measures such as fungicide application is the most effective approach for the management of this disease. This study aimed to 1) identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to FHB in a Brazilian spring wheat cultivar ‘Surpresa’ through bi-parental mapping, 2) detect QTL for FHB resistance in a global panel of 233 spring wheat accessions by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), and 3) localize genomic regions …

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Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross Population For Improvement Of Genetic Resistance Of Dry Bean To White Mold, Edgar Gabriel Escobar Romero Jan 2020

Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross Population For Improvement Of Genetic Resistance Of Dry Bean To White Mold, Edgar Gabriel Escobar Romero

Plant Sciences

White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary) is one of the most important diseases of common bean in the U.S. with seed yield losses up to 100%. White mold resistance is hard to incorporate into breeding materials because of low heritability, cumbersome screening methods, and few sources of resistance. A Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Crosses population was created to develop resistant germplasm and map the genetics factors controlling the resistance. A seedling straw test method was used to identify resistant lines. Twenty genotypes were found to be resistant based on its response when inoculated with isolate 1980 of white mold. GWAS …

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Plant-Parasitic Nematodes On Corn (Zea Mays L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L.) In North Dakota, Intiaz Amin Chowdhury Jan 2020

Plant-Parasitic Nematodes On Corn (Zea Mays L.) And Soybean (Glycine Max L.) In North Dakota, Intiaz Amin Chowdhury

Plant Pathology

Four studies were conducted to investigate plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) of corn and soybean in ND. The first study investigated the incidence and abundance of vermiform PPN in ND corn fields in 2015 and 2016. Samples were collected from 300 corn fields across 20 counties. Seventy-two percent of the fields were positive for PPN. The major genera of PPN identified were Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Heterodera, Xiphinema, Hoplolaimus, and Paratrichodorus. The second study characterized SCN (SCN; Heterodera glycines) virulence phenotypes in ND. A total of 419 soybean fields across 22 counties were sampled during 2015, 2016, and 2017. Among these samples, …

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Structure Modification To Enhance Pulse Protein Functions And Flavor Profile Opportunities In Saccharide Mediated Glycation Via Maillard-Driven Chemistry, Fengchao Zha Jan 2020

Structure Modification To Enhance Pulse Protein Functions And Flavor Profile Opportunities In Saccharide Mediated Glycation Via Maillard-Driven Chemistry, Fengchao Zha

Plant Sciences

Owing to the combined characteristics of low allergens and lipids, as well as high versatility and abundance, eco-friendly pulse-based protein has served as a critical contender to supplement animal protein. The inferior solubility and off-flavor, however, place a practical restriction on its application. Glycation via Maillard-driven reaction is a potential green chemistry to modulate protein structure and functions. The various types of protein, saccharides with different molecular mass and structural characteristics, and two reaction systems (dry and wet heating) were applied to synthesize protein-saccharides conjugates. The aims were to investigate (i) the effect of glycation on functionalities and flavor of …

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Improvement Of Organoleptic Attributes Of Yellow Pea Flour Through An Emerging Green Technology: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol Extraction, Serap Vatansever Jan 2020

Improvement Of Organoleptic Attributes Of Yellow Pea Flour Through An Emerging Green Technology: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol Extraction, Serap Vatansever

Plant Sciences

An increasing demand for following healthier eating pattern has created a rapidly growing food market, including more nutrient dense and healthier plant-based foods. Nutrient-dense yellow pea flour is ideal for addressing these new-generation foods. However, its utilization in foods is limited due to its unpleasant flavor. Therefore, an eco-friendly deflavoring method has recently been found effective to improve sensory quality of pulse ingredients. Supercritical carbon dioxide + ethanol (SC-CO2+EtOH) extraction was applied as deflavoring method. The goals of this research were to evaluate (1) the applicability of this extraction at optimized conditions to reduce off-flavor compounds of pea flour, and …

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Characterization Of Genetic Resistance To Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum And Epidemiology Of The Disease In Brassica Napus L., Fereshteh Shahoveisi Jan 2020

Characterization Of Genetic Resistance To Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum And Epidemiology Of The Disease In Brassica Napus L., Fereshteh Shahoveisi

Plant Sciences

This dissertation contains three research chapters conducted on Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of canola (Brassica napus L.). This disease is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and is considered endemic in canola-producing areas of North Dakota. The first research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of eight phenotyping scoring systems and nine variant calling and filtering methods in detection of QTL associated with response to SSR. The study, conducted on two doubled-haploid mapping populations, showed that using multiple phenotypic data sets derived from lesion length and plant mortality and imputing missing genotypic data increased the number …

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Nitrogen Sources And Their Management On Wheat Yield And Protein, Jacob Jay Muir Jan 2020

Nitrogen Sources And Their Management On Wheat Yield And Protein, Jacob Jay Muir

Plant Sciences

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can impact grain yield and protein. Develping strategies that improve N efficiency are needed to optimize wheat production in North Dakota. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate N stabilizers, N rate, N placement and application timing on grain yield and protein of winter and spring wheat. The timing of N release from a polymer coated urea (ESN) was also studied. Nitrogen stabilizers improved N efficency in some environments but not all. Deeper placement of urea helped reduce N losses. The closer that N fertilizer was applied to the date it was …

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Comparison Of Two Single Curtain And Two Double Curtain Trellis Systems With Marquette And Petite Pearl Wine Grapes, Ikbal Tatar Jan 2020

Comparison Of Two Single Curtain And Two Double Curtain Trellis Systems With Marquette And Petite Pearl Wine Grapes, Ikbal Tatar

Plant Sciences

A field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a trellis system, Genova double curtain (GDC), Scott Henry (SH), mid-wire that was vertical shoot positioned (VSP), and high wire cordon (HW), on fruit ripening and indirectly its influence on cold hardiness for cold-hardy, red wine grape cultivars, Marquette and Petite Pearl. In 2017, ‘Petite Pearl’ reached higher yields than ‘Marquette’, while VSP and SH trellis systems resulted in higher yields. However, in 2018, ‘Marquette’ had a greater yield than ‘Petite Pearl’. In 2019, 77.34% of ‘Marquette’ and 52.34% of ‘Petite Pearl’ had severe winter injury regardless of the trellis …

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The Effect Of Salinity On Soil Microbial Community Structure, Mackenzie Lynn Ries Jan 2020

The Effect Of Salinity On Soil Microbial Community Structure, Mackenzie Lynn Ries

Soil Science

Soil salinity is a widespread problem that affects crop productivity. We expect that saline soils also have altered microbial community structure, soil food webs and related soil properties. To test this, we sampled field soils across four farms in eastern North Dakota that host salinity gradients. We evaluated microbial biomass carbon, phospholipid fatty acid analysis and nematode counts in moderately saline and low saline soils. Additionally, we measured soil properties that represent potential food sources and habitat characteristics that influence microbial communities. We found higher microbial group abundance in moderately saline soils than in the lower saline soils. In contrast, …

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Can Soil Microbial Activity Be Improved With The Use Of Amendments?, Matthew Wayne Kruger Jan 2020

Can Soil Microbial Activity Be Improved With The Use Of Amendments?, Matthew Wayne Kruger

Soil Science

Low microbial activity and associated nutrient cycling are concerns in agricultural problem soils. The objectives of this study were to investigate microbial response on problem soils to amendments, drying-wetting cycles, and the interaction of amendments and drying-wetting cycles. In this laboratory study, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) flux was measured from thermal desorption treated soils and saline soils in response to Proganics, spent lime, and composted beef manure applications. Microbial activity was measured through CO2 flux and its rate of change, permanganate oxidizable C, and residual inorganic nitrogen. Proganics had the greatest ability to elevate and sustain microbial activity on problem …

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Progressive Shifts In The Gut Microbiome Reflect Prediabetes And Diabetes Development In A Treatment-Naive Mexican Cohort., Christian Diener, María De Lourdes Reyes-Escogido, Lilia M Jimenez-Ceja, Mariana Matus, Claudia M Gomez-Navarro, Nathaniel D Chu, Vivian Zhong, M Elizabeth Tejero, Eric Alm, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza Jan 2020

Progressive Shifts In The Gut Microbiome Reflect Prediabetes And Diabetes Development In A Treatment-Naive Mexican Cohort., Christian Diener, María De Lourdes Reyes-Escogido, Lilia M Jimenez-Ceja, Mariana Matus, Claudia M Gomez-Navarro, Nathaniel D Chu, Vivian Zhong, M Elizabeth Tejero, Eric Alm, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global epidemic that affects more than 8% of the world's population and is a leading cause of death in Mexico. Diet and lifestyle are known to contribute to the onset of T2D. However, the role of the gut microbiome in T2D progression remains uncertain. Associations between microbiome composition and diabetes are confounded by medication use, diet, and obesity. Here we present data on a treatment-naive cohort of 405 Mexican individuals across varying stages of T2D severity. Associations between gut bacteria and more than 200 clinical variables revealed a defined set of bacterial genera that …

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Psychological Stress, Stress Reactivity And Blood Glucose Metabolization During Pregnancy, Anna Marie Strahm Jan 2020

Psychological Stress, Stress Reactivity And Blood Glucose Metabolization During Pregnancy, Anna Marie Strahm

Psychology

Gestational diabetes mellitus impacts between 3-10% of pregnancies, and increases the risk of pregnancy complications and lifelong health effects for mother and child (Bellamy, Casas, Hingorani, & Williams, 2009; Ross, 2006; Ryser Rüetschi et al., 2016). About half of cases occur without an evident risk factor (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 1994; Dode & Santos, 2009). The present study was designed to examine possible psychophysiological connections linking psychological stress and stress reactivity, the magnitude of an individual’s response to stress, to blood sugar metabolization during mid-pregnancy between 24-28 weeks gestation. Participants were recruited from Sanford Health in Fargo, …

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