Digital Commons Network^™

Nutrition In Necrotizing Enterocolitis And Following Intestinal Resection, Jocelyn Ou, Cathleen M Courtney, Allie E Steinberger, Maria E Tecos, Brad W Warner

Open Access Publications

This review aims to discuss the role of nutrition and feeding practices in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), NEC prevention, and its complications, including surgical treatment. A thorough PubMed search was performed with a focus on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials when available. There are several variables in nutrition and the feeding of preterm infants with the intention of preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Starting feeds later rather than earlier, advancing feeds slowly and continuous feeds have not been shown to prevent NEC and breast milk remains the only effective prevention strategy. The lack of medical treatment options for NEC often leads to …

Deconstructing Tumor Heterogeneity: The Stromal Perspective, Renee E. Vickman, Douglas V. Faget, Sheila A. Stewart, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Significant advances have been made towards understanding the role of immune cell-tumor interplay in either suppressing or promoting tumor growth, progression, and recurrence, however, the roles of additional stromal elements, cell types and/or cell states remain ill-defined. The overarching goal of this NCI-sponsored workshop was to highlight and integrate the critical functions of non-immune stromal components in regulating tumor heterogeneity and its impact on tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. The workshop explored the opposing roles of tumor supportive

Identification Of New Helicobacter Pylori Subpopulations In Native Americans And Mestizos From Peru, Andrés Julián Gutiérrez-Escobar, Douglas E Berg, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Region-specific

Campylobacter Colonization, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Stunting, And Associated Risk Factors Among Young Children In Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study From The Campylobacter Genomics And Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (Caged) Project, Dehao Chen, Mark J Manary, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Livestock farming provides a possible mechanism by which smallholder farmers can meet their household need for animal source foods (ASF), which may reduce the risk of stunting. However, direct/indirect contacts with domestic animals may increase colonization by

Mental Distress And Human Rights Violations During Covid-19: A Rapid Review Of The Evidence Informing Rights, Mental Health Needs, And Public Policy Around Vulnerable Populations, Muhammad Rahman, Rabab Ahmed, Ross Brownson, Mary Mckay, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dementia Research In The Caribbean Hispanic Islands: Present Findings And Future Trends, Daisy Acosta, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Ivonne Z Jiménez-Velázquez, Juan J Llibre-Rodríguez

Open Access Publications

During the last decade, the Caribbean Hispanic islands experienced accelerated demographic aging, representing the fastest aging region within Latin America. Age-related non-communicable diseases, including dementia, are now reported at high prevalence. The Caribbean islands share similar genetic ancestry, culture, migration patterns, and risk profiles, providing a unique setting to understand dementia in the Caribbean-Hispanics. This perspective article aimed to describe the impact of dementia in the Caribbean, at a local and regional level and reflect on research strategies to address dementia. We report on 10/66 project findings, described research projects and regional plans for the region. According to our results, …

Effects Of Diet Versus Gastric Bypass On Metabolic Function In Diabetes, Mihoko Yoshino, Brandon D. Kayser, Jun Yoshino, Richard I. Stein, Dominic Reeds, J. Christopher Eagon, Shaina R. Eckhouse, Jeramie D. Watrous, Mohit Jain, Rob Knight, Kenneth Schechtman, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Complex Interactions Between Rotavirus And The Gut Microbiota, Andrew Hyoungjin Kim, Michael P Hogarty, Vanessa C Harris, Megan T Baldridge

Open Access Publications

Human rotavirus (HRV) is the leading worldwide cause of acute diarrhea-related death in children under the age of five. RV infects the small intestine, an important site of colonization by the microbiota, and studies over the past decade have begun to reveal a complex set of interactions between RV and the gut microbiota. RV infection can temporarily alter the composition of the gut microbiota and probiotic administration alleviates some symptoms of infection

A Recommended "Minimum Data Set" Framework For Sd-Oct Retinal Image Acquisition And Analysis From The Atlas Of Retinal Imaging In Alzheimer's Study (Arias), Jessica Alber, Gregory Van Stavern, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Introduction: We propose a minimum data set framework for the acquisition and analysis of retinal images for the development of retinal Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Our goal is to describe methodology that will increase concordance across laboratories, so that the broader research community is able to cross-validate findings in parallel, accumulate large databases with normative data across the cognitive aging spectrum, and progress the application of this technology from the discovery stage to the validation stage in the search for sensitive and specific retinal biomarkers in AD.

Methods: The proposed minimum data set framework is based on the Atlas of …

Acute Liver Failure Of Unclear Cause? Acetaminophen-Protein Adducts Make The Diagnosis, Michael E Mullins, Laura P James

Open Access Publications

Acetaminophen poisoning remains a leading cause of acute liver failure. Some cases may be difficult to diagnose when clinical findings are equivocal, the patient's history is misleading or incomplete, or the acetaminophen concentration is low or undetectable at arrival to care. We describe a case of a medically complicated young child whose acute liver failure had two of these features. Measurement of acetaminophen-protein adducts confirmed acetaminophen as the primary cause of her liver failure.

Insights Into The Role Of The Jak/Stat Signaling Pathway In Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Ramzi Abboud, Jaebok Choi, Peter Ruminski, Mark A Schroeder, Sena Kim, Camille N Abboud, John F Dipersio

Open Access Publications

Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for a variety of hematologic malignancies, primarily through immune-mediated clearance of malignant cells. This graft-

Diabetes Risk Status And Physical Activity In Pregnant Women: U.S. Brfss 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, Bethany Rand

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Objective: We sought to examine differences in aerobic activity (AA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) by diabetes risk status (DRS) among pregnant women in the United States.

Background: Pregnant women without complications are advised to engage in physical activity (PA) to mitigate adverse outcomes. Differences may exist among pregnant women of diverging diabetes status in meeting national PA recommendations.

Methods: The sample (n=9,597) included pregnant women ages 18-44, who participated in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Levels of DRS were: no diabetes (ND), high risk for diabetes (HRD) due to self-reported gestational diabetes or …

Discontinuance In Fitness Tracking Apps: An Analysis Using A Diffusion Of Innovations Approach, Kristin Maki, Arun Vishwanath

Iowa Journal of Communication

The diffusion of innovations (DOI) framework has been robust in predicting and explaining the dispersion of numerous innovations. However, despite the prominence of DOI within practical and academic research, discontinuation continues to be an understudied phenomenon. The present study aims to redress this void by examining discontinuation within the context of fitness apps. In addition to examining this construct, the theory of self-monitoring is included as a potential explanatory factor. The present study uses survey results from a sample of undergraduate students (N = 241). The data were analyzed with hierarchical logistic regression, with the results showing an association between …

Climate Change Increases The Risk Of Fisheries Conflict, Elizabeth Mendenhall, Cullen Hendrix, Elizabeth Nyman, Paige M. Roberts, John Robison Hoopes, James R. Watson, Vicky W. Y. Lam, Rashid Sumaila

Marine Affairs Faculty Publications

The effects of climate change on the ocean environment – especially ocean warming, acidification, and sea level rise – will impact fish stocks and fishers in important ways. Likely impacts include changes in fish stocks’ productivity and distribution, human migration to and away from coastal areas, stresses on coastal fisheries infrastructure, and challenges to prevailing maritime boundaries. In this paper, we explore these and other related phenomena, in order to assess whether and how the impacts of climate change on fisheries will contribute to the risk of fisheries conflict. We argue that climate change will entail an increase in the …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced And Preserved Ejection Fractions: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Michelle Lynne Stone

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose Examine the relationships between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) and the cumulative risk of heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fractions in a diverse, population-based sample. Methods Study sample included 6,814 adult (45-84 years of age) men and women who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with elevated baseline hs-CRP (> 3-10 mg/L), IL-6 (> 75^th percentile) and sTNF-R1 (> 75^th percentile) and risk of overall …

Helping People With Substance Use Disorders: Drug Court And Care Farms, Carolynne Jorgenson

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

When Agencies Make Criminal Law, Brenner M. Fissell

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The nondelegation doctrine prohibits a legislature from delegating its power to an administrative agency, yet it is famously underenforced — even when the delegation results in the creation of criminal offenses (so-called “administrative crimes”). While this practice appears to scandalize the hornbook presumption that legislatures alone define criminal offenses, it has long been ratified by the Supreme Court, and has received little scholarly attention. The few commentators who have addressed administrative crimes highlight the intuition that criminal sanctions are uniquely severe, and thus deserving of a more rigorous nondelegation analysis, but they stop there. They do not precisely link the …

Remaking The “Right To Die”: Give Me Liberty But Do Not Give Me Death, Janet L. Dolgin

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The article discusses the evolution of the right to die laws in the U.S. by examining the disputes that arose between clinicians and their patients or surrogates in cases like re Quinlan and Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health.

Medical Disputes And Conflicting Values: Is There A “Right To Die” Later?, Janet L. Dolgin

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The article compares the benefits and disadvantages that each institutional approach, that of statutory law, courts, and hospital ethics consultants, brings to medical-futility disputes. Topics discussed include social and legal responses to conflicts about dying, conflicting values central to contemporary medial ethics, and value of autonomous patient choice.

Prediction Of The Optimal Catheter Placement Selection For Therapy Infusion To Treat Brain Tumors, Lisa Hope Antoine

All ETDs from UAB

ABSTRACT In 2020, the National Brain Tumor Society reported that physicians would diagnose more than 87,000 new cases of brain tumors. These cases will add to the approximately 700,000 individuals in the United States living with brain and central nervous system tumors. Almost 18,000 of these cases will prove fatal [1]. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders the effective treatment of brain tumors. The task of this barrier is to protect the brain from composition instabilities in blood plasma and shield the brain from agents that may adversely impact brain functionality. However, by performing its tasks the barrier prevents potential effective …

Understanding The Impact Of Diet And Obesity On Anti-Tumor Immunity And Therapeutic Efficacy In Kidney Cancer, Rachael Miller Orlandella

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity is regarded as a major risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Advanced-stage RCC exhibits chemotherapeutic resistance, but is responsive to immunotherapies such as the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1). Despite some clinical successes, response rates remain low for anti-PD-1 monotherapy (20-30%). Preclinical evaluations of immunotherapeutic strategies typically use lean mice and do not account for patient comorbidities. This may explain the underwhelming success rates following clinical translation of new cancer treatments. Recent studies found that obesity was associated with favorable outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in melanoma. However, the effects of obesity on anti-tumor immunity …

Investigating Growth-Related Hormones And Their Roles In Metabolism In Fish Skeletal Muscle, Ross Michael Lee Reid

All ETDs from UAB

The endocrine system is essential for the maintenance and regulation of skeletal muscle growth and metabolic processes, as secretions of growth-related hormones directly regulate these systems. The roles of these growth-related hormones are well understood in mammals yet are not well defined in teleosts. Thus, the work outlined in these chapters provides novel insight for the actions of two growth-related hormones, Growth Hormone (GH) and Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP), in fish skeletal muscle. First, Chapter 2 highlights the work expanding the application of resazurin as a novel method of in vivo metabolic assessment across fish life-stages, which was utilized …

2020 Fall Commencement, Georgia Southern University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of Media Communication To Motivate State Level Policy Action: The Case Of The Colorado River Basin, Abigail Rader

CSB and SJU Distinguished Thesis

The cultivation of life within the American Southwest would not have been possible without the Colorado River Basin. The water in the basin today maintains 40 million people and one-twelfth the American economy. As a result of the significance of this river, the Colorado is one of the most regulated waters in the world, yet drought concerns continue to proliferate due to climate change. Drawing from communication and political science literature, the media have frequently been cited as impacting the policy agenda, particularly local media. This paper addresses how the frequency of The Denver Post news reporting and its framing …

The Impact Of Nutrition Education On Serving Size Comprehension In College-Age Female Students, Carisa Hilton

CSB and SJU Distinguished Thesis

Background: Nutrition Facts labels are a low-cost informational tool with the potential for encouraging healthful purchasing and eating habits. The use of nutrition labels on packaged foods can promote healthier dietary choices; however, systematic reviews show that consumers may not frequently use nutrition labels to make food choices and do not effectively measure an appropriate serving size, leading to nutrient over-/underconsumption. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate how female college students use the Nutrition Facts label and measurement tools to estimate one recommended serving size, and if varying nutrition education tools improve serving size accuracy …

Nutrition Transition And Ses As A Fundamental Cause: An Integrative Approach To Examine Weight Status Among Women In Nepal, Sanjeev Acharya

All ETDs from UAB

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in developing countries is a public health problem. Globally and in Nepal, women have higher burden of overweight and obesity. Over the recent years, Nepal has made progress in human development and is also experiencing nutrition transition. In this context, the goal of this study is to investigate the change in association between socioeconomic status (SES) and body weight over time, examine whether SES – body mass index (BMI) varies across region and occupation, and test for the double burden of malnutrition among adult women. Using a novel framework that integrates nutrition transition …

Dietary Nitrate And The Oral Microbiome In Obesity, Health And Exercise, Christian E. Behrens

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity ranks among the top growing health concerns worldwide. The prevalence of obesity at all life stages continues to rise with nearly 40% of adults and 35% of children/adolescents being affected. Equally troublesome is the increased risk for a number of comorbidities associated with obesity including cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The successful treatment of obesity, particularly long-term, continues to prove challenging and is often met with limited success. This highlights the importance of continued investigation into alternative strategies that may reduce the incidence and severity of obesity and associated pathophysiologies. Regular physical …

Cognitive Factors And Treatment Adherence In Individuals With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening chronic illness which requires adherence to a many complex and time-consuming treatments. Adherence is suboptimal in this population. Thus, it is important to consider predictors of treatment adherence. Research has evaluated a number of cognitive factors that are related to adherence in groups with chronic illnesses, including those with CF. The present study considers three factors (health locus of control (HLC), perceived social support, and perceived disease severity) in order to address important gaps in the literature evaluating their relationships with treatment adherence. For each of these factors, the current research is limited by …

Examining The Role Of Neighborhood Quality On The Association Of Mammography Adherence Among Racial/Ethnic Groups, Roman Johnson

All ETDs from UAB

Although several racial/ethnic minority women groups (e.g., Latina, Black, Asian-American, and Native-American women) have lower breast cancer incidence than white women, they are more likely to die from breast cancer. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is racial/ethnic differences in mammography use. Mammography has been shown to contribute to the discovery of tumor proliferation earlier which translates to less breast cancer complications like greater risk of breast cancer-related mortality. Previous studies on racial/ethnic differences in mammography adherence (e.g., annual and biannual mammography adherence) have been inconclusive, and they generally overlook important contextual factors, namely neighborhood quality and geographic location (e.g., …

The Effect Of Gi Patients' Health Literacy Levels On Gi Patients' Health Outcomes, Dae Hyun Kim

All ETDs from UAB

The paper in this dissertation provide empirical evidence on the effect of GI patients’ health literacy levels on GI patients’ health outcomes. The findings of this study contribute to existing body of literature on health literacy and health outcomes. Furthermore, the findings also offer both theoretical and practical implications to physicians, healthcare administrators, and policymakers. Overall, the results of this study show that GI patients’ health literacy levels are negatively associated with GI patients’ health outcomes (hospital length of stay, readmission, and complication). However, partial support was shown for different types of GI surgeries accentuating the negative association between GI …