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2020

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Effectiveness Of Using Educational Computer Games On The Fifth Grade Students’ Achievement And Creative Thinking In Science In The Unrwa Schools, Mahmoud Ramdan, Suzan Marei Nov 2020

Effectiveness Of Using Educational Computer Games On The Fifth Grade Students’ Achievement And Creative Thinking In Science In The Unrwa Schools, Mahmoud Ramdan, Suzan Marei

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of Educational Computer Gameson the academic achievement and creative thinking in science for the 5th Basic elementry students at UNRWA schools. To answer the questions of this study a Quasi-experimental design was used. The sample consistined of (80) students from the fifth grade. The study was conducted in the second semester of the year (2016/2017). The sample was distributed into two groups: experimental group and control group. Two tools were used for data collection: the achievement test and a test of the students creative thinking skills. The tools were verified in terms of …


The Effectiveness Of Response To Intervention (Rti)’S Model For Devel-Oping Basic Math Operations Among Math Learning Disability Students, Mohammad Abualrub Nov 2020

The Effectiveness Of Response To Intervention (Rti)’S Model For Devel-Oping Basic Math Operations Among Math Learning Disability Students, Mohammad Abualrub

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of response to inter-vention (RTI)’s model in developing basic math operations among math learning disabilities’ students. The Sample of the study consisted of (30) randomly chosen students from Irbid schools. The findings revealed that the use of RTI’s model has decreased the percentage of learning disabil-ity students by (63.33%). After applying RTI’s model, (23) students had responded, which indicates the high forecasted value of RTI’s model based on qualitative analysis. Only (19) students benefited from RTI’s model where 4 students were dropped, interference methods’ reliability percentage was (82.6). The researcher provided a set …


The Relationship Between The Values Of Some Kinematic Variables For The Track Start Swimming In (50) M Breast Stroke Among Jordanian Female Swimming Team, Osama Abdel Fattah, Assefa Tarawneh Nov 2020

The Relationship Between The Values Of Some Kinematic Variables For The Track Start Swimming In (50) M Breast Stroke Among Jordanian Female Swimming Team, Osama Abdel Fattah, Assefa Tarawneh

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The aim of this study was to identify the kinematic parameters in track start swimming, and the relationships between these kinematic parameters among Jordanian Female Team. To achieve these six elite female’s swimmers from the Jordanian Female Team participated in this study performed the track start (age 19 ± 0.6 years; height 166 ± 2 cm; mass 61± 2kg; training age 6.5±0.58 y). Subjects were filmed above water at 60 Hz by one digital video camera (Nikon, D3400) and (sports Cam, 1080p, H.264) for under water. The video data were analysis performed with Kinovea analysis program. This study involved (8) …


Attitudes Of Students In Military Sciences At Al–Istiqlal University Toward Learning Swimming, Samira Orabi, Ismail Zkarneh Nov 2020

Attitudes Of Students In Military Sciences At Al–Istiqlal University Toward Learning Swimming, Samira Orabi, Ismail Zkarneh

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed to identify The Attitudes of Security Student Sciences at Al – Istiqlal University toward Swimming Learning. The researchers used the descriptive approach. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a randomized, stratified sample (234) students enrolled in the summer semester of the academic Physical year 2017, The scale of (Rabab'a and Abu Zema, 2013) was used to measure, students trends. The results of the study showed that students' attitudes were positive toward learning Swimming. Reaching Response percentage (%74.8), The results also showed that there were no significant differences between students attitudes according to gender, The study …


The Impact Of The Use Of Problem- Solving Strategy In Teaching Some Basic Skills In Volleyball On The Life Skills Of Students In The Tenth Grade, Hassan Al-Sotary Nov 2020

The Impact Of The Use Of Problem- Solving Strategy In Teaching Some Basic Skills In Volleyball On The Life Skills Of Students In The Tenth Grade, Hassan Al-Sotary

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of using problem solving method on some of the life skills of the 10th grade students in Al-Quwaismeh Directorate; one of the directorates of the capital Amman. These skills included communication, decision making, problem solving, group work, leadership spirit, taking responsibility, self-confidence, conflict resolution and difference acceptance. The sample consisted of 40 students from both genders. The two groups used the problem solving method. An educational program in teaching the basic skills in volleyball has been used alongside with some life skills under study. The program consisted of eight modules …


The Impact Of Using A Constructivist-Theory Based Program On The Acquisition Of Islamic Concepts In Female Tenth Grade Students In Palestine, Roqaya Arar, Naser Khawaldeh Nov 2020

The Impact Of Using A Constructivist-Theory Based Program On The Acquisition Of Islamic Concepts In Female Tenth Grade Students In Palestine, Roqaya Arar, Naser Khawaldeh

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed at investigating The Impact of an EducationalProgram Based on Constructivism Theory on AcquiringConcepts in Islamic Education Course for Basic 10th Grade Female Students in Palestine.To achieve goals of this study, a test has been developed to observe the Development of Acquiring Concepts in Islamic. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach in which the experimental group consisting of (30) studentswas taught in accordance with Educational Program Based on Constructivism Theory. At the same time, the controlled group consisting of (30 students) was taught in the traditional way. The tests and the motive measuring was applied prior and post-teaching …


An Assessment Of Teaching Efficacy Of Teaching Strategy In Physical Education Course As Perceived By Students, Nezar Al –Luwaici, Hmad Okor, Zaid Alubani Nov 2020

An Assessment Of Teaching Efficacy Of Teaching Strategy In Physical Education Course As Perceived By Students, Nezar Al –Luwaici, Hmad Okor, Zaid Alubani

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness study of the course strategies of teaching physical education from the point of view of the students, as well as witherif there wasany differences exist according to study variables (gendersand studying years). Survey (descriptive approach) was used in this study,the sample of the study consisted of (152)male and female students registered in the course. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the study of the course of teaching strategies of physical education, the research prepared a questionerwas used after it was subjected to the scientific standard consisting of (32) paragraphs divided into four …


The Impact Of Employing The (Formulate - Share - Listen - Create) Strategy On The Development Of Conceptual And Procedural Knowledge Among Fourth Grade Students, Mohammed Abusakran Nov 2020

The Impact Of Employing The (Formulate - Share - Listen - Create) Strategy On The Development Of Conceptual And Procedural Knowledge Among Fourth Grade Students, Mohammed Abusakran

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This research aimed at investigating the employment of theimpact of using Strategy (F.S.L.C) on the conceptual and procedural knowledge of fourth-grade students in Math in Gaza. The study sample consisted of (60) fourth-grade students in one UNRWA schools in Gaza, distributed on experimental group (30) and control group (30). The subjects have been divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). A test including (30) items was used in this study. The results of the study showed statistical significance differences between the two groups, in favor of the Strategy (F.S.L.C), and that the Strategy (F.S.L.C) has the effectiveness of developing …


The Degree Of Involvement Of The Upgraded Mathematics Books For Students Of The Low Basic Stage In Light Of The "Romey" Coefficient In Palestine, Majed Aldeeb Nov 2020

The Degree Of Involvement Of The Upgraded Mathematics Books For Students Of The Low Basic Stage In Light Of The "Romey" Coefficient In Palestine, Majed Aldeeb

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The study aimed at determining the degree of involvement of the developed mathematics books for the students of the low basic stage in light of the "Romey" coefficient in Palestine. The study used the descriptive analytical approach. The study data consisted of content analyzing card and grading questionnaire for teachers. The study sample consisted of (115) pages in the mathematics books for the first four basic classes in the first and second parts. The sample of teachers consisted of (41) he/teachers and she/teachers of those classes.The teachers' assessments show that textbooks in the four grades involve students in their content, …


Thinking Styles In Light Of The Sternberg's Model On A Sample Of Gaza University Students, Abdullah Shorap Nov 2020

Thinking Styles In Light Of The Sternberg's Model On A Sample Of Gaza University Students, Abdullah Shorap

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The study aimed to identify the relativity significance of Sternberg's thinking styles of Gaza University students, to identify the significant differences in the styles under study, related gender and academic program.The study sample consisted of (213) students with of the model. The results of the study showed the following: The most common style for students is the judicial style, while the least common style is conservative. Also there weresignificant differences in the anarchic, hierarchical for males, and executive style for females. There were significant differences in legislative, executive, global and local styles for undergraduate students, while in the anarchism and …


National Values In The Textbooks Of Social Studies For The High Elementary Stage In Palestine, Fawaz Dughmus, Alyan El-Holy Nov 2020

National Values In The Textbooks Of Social Studies For The High Elementary Stage In Palestine, Fawaz Dughmus, Alyan El-Holy

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The study aimed to reveal the most important national values are included in books of social studies for the high elementary stage in Palestine compared to the values that must be available in this stage. and to achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a list of national values, and used the method of content analysis. The sample of the study consisted of all books of social studies of the high elementary stage. The results of the study showed that the total number of repetitions of national values in the books of social studies reached (643) times. As the results showed …


The Effect Of Teaching By Using Ipad On Improving Self–Learning Skills For Students In The Sixth Basic Grade, Reham Al-Saydah Nov 2020

The Effect Of Teaching By Using Ipad On Improving Self–Learning Skills For Students In The Sixth Basic Grade, Reham Al-Saydah

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed at investigating the effect of teaching Science by using IPAD on improving self–learning skills for the Sixth Basic Grade Students. The study sample consisted of two classes choosing randomly from sixth elementary male students who were attending in a private school. The sample was divided into two groups: experimental (26 students) who were taught by using IPAD and control (30 students) who were taught without using IPAD. To achieve the study aims, one instruments was developed: a scale to measure self–learning skills which consisted of (30) items. Results revealed that: There were significant statistical differences between the …


Effect Of Using Science Education Development Program (Seed) On Fourth Grade Students' Learning Of The Classification Unit Of Living Organisms, Niveen Ghassan, Refa' Ramahi Nov 2020

Effect Of Using Science Education Development Program (Seed) On Fourth Grade Students' Learning Of The Classification Unit Of Living Organisms, Niveen Ghassan, Refa' Ramahi

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The current study aimed to find the effect of implementing the Science Education Development Program (SEED) on the fourth-grade students’ learning of “Classification” Unit. The study followed the quasi-experimental design. The instrument was an achievement test, made of (27) items which measure the impact of the program on the fourth graders’ achievement. Test reliability was realized through the one –factor analysis of the test items. The sample of the study consisted of (69) students, divided into two groups. The experimental group (35 students who studied the unit using the (SEED) program and the control group (34) students studied the unit …


The Role Of The Coach In Improving Basketball Game From The Perspective Of Players In Eastern Province In Saudi Arabia, Mustafa Makhlouf Nov 2020

The Role Of The Coach In Improving Basketball Game From The Perspective Of Players In Eastern Province In Saudi Arabia, Mustafa Makhlouf

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

This study aimed to identify the role of the coach towards upgrading basketball game from the perspective of Eastern clubs players in Saudi Arabia, and the differences in the views of the players to the coach's role depending on the study variables (age, education, years of playing), the sample of the study consisted of (180) Player Eastern clubs, used to identify consisted of 23 paragraph and included three axes (sports training, planning, analysis and calendar), the results of the survey indicated that the basketball coach has a role in improving the game of basketball, and that there were statistically significant …


The Effect Of Using Command And Practice Styles On Some Ground Movements Skills Of Artistic Gymnastics Among Female Students In The Faculty Of Physical Education At An-Najah National University, Rawand Rawand, Imad Abdelhaq, Bader Refat Nov 2020

The Effect Of Using Command And Practice Styles On Some Ground Movements Skills Of Artistic Gymnastics Among Female Students In The Faculty Of Physical Education At An-Najah National University, Rawand Rawand, Imad Abdelhaq, Bader Refat

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The study aimed at identifying the effect of using my style of teaching Prince and training on some earth movement skills in artistic gymnastics (front rolling, rolling background, handstand, wheel, Somersault Arab, kinetic sentence using the previous skills) among students in the Faculty of Physical Education at An-Najah National University, to achieve this study was conducted on a sample of 30 female students who were deployed to two equal and unequal, and dish them educational program proposal for (8) weeks of (3) units weekly, was used prescriptive method on the first set, style training on the second set. Researcher experimental …


Identifying The Cognitive Outcome In Physical Fitness Among Students Of The College Of Sports Sciences At Mu'tah University, Baker Al Khazala, Ahmed Al-Thuneibat Nov 2020

Identifying The Cognitive Outcome In Physical Fitness Among Students Of The College Of Sports Sciences At Mu'tah University, Baker Al Khazala, Ahmed Al-Thuneibat

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The aim of this study was to identify the cognitive outcomes in the field of physical fitness in the students of the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences at Mu'tah University. The descriptive method was used in its scientific steps and procedures. The sample consisted of distributed to (124) students and (65) The results of the study showed that there were no differences between the two sexes. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences for both the school year variables and the estimation, And She also recommended holding fitness courses and workshops to strengthen the cognitive output …


Bayesian And Frequentist Approaches Robustness In Variance Components Estimation, Hamdy F. F. Mahmoud Nov 2020

Bayesian And Frequentist Approaches Robustness In Variance Components Estimation, Hamdy F. F. Mahmoud

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

Variance components and functions thereof are important in many fields such as industry, agriculture, quantitative genetics and animal breeding. This paper contributes to evaluating the variance components estimation approaches and assessing their robustness to outliers. Using an intensive simulation study and under different settings, it was found that researchers can decide which method of estimation is appropriate to their study to estimate the variance components based on the source of outliers (error term, εi j or random effects, αi), the variance components ratio, and the sample size.


Study Of Disaster Probability When Strength Follows Power Function Distribution And Stress Follows Odd Generalised Exponential Gompertz Distribution(Oge-G), Surinder Kumar, Vaidehi Singh, Prem Lata Gautam Nov 2020

Study Of Disaster Probability When Strength Follows Power Function Distribution And Stress Follows Odd Generalised Exponential Gompertz Distribution(Oge-G), Surinder Kumar, Vaidehi Singh, Prem Lata Gautam

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this article, the probability of disaster is studied when the strength of the items follows power function distribution and the stress of the manufactured items/devices follows OGE-G distribution. In order to study the probability of disaster, a relationship between the parameters of OGE-G and power function distribution is established through the reliability measure P = Pr(Y > X). Finally, through the relationship among the parameters involved in the model is used to get the optimum cost function when the cost function is linear in terms of parameters.


Model Suitability Analysis Of Survival Time To Ovarian Cancer Patients Data, Manoj Kumar, Sandeep K. Maurya, Sanjay K. Singh, Umesh Singh, Anurag Pathak Nov 2020

Model Suitability Analysis Of Survival Time To Ovarian Cancer Patients Data, Manoj Kumar, Sandeep K. Maurya, Sanjay K. Singh, Umesh Singh, Anurag Pathak

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, we propose a suitable statistical model for survival time of the ovarian cancer patients data. The proposition followed by checking the suitability of twelve lifetime models through different statistical tools like the value of logarithmic of likelihood, Akaike Information Criterion, Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance and Bayesian Information Criterion. The maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters for the considered models has been obtained. Also, the non-parametric procedure has been used to show the validity of the conclusion.


Evaluation Of Reliability Indicators Of Mobile Communication System Bases, Dilmurod Davronbekov, Utkir Karimovich Matyokubov, Malika Ilkhamovna Abdullayeva Nov 2020

Evaluation Of Reliability Indicators Of Mobile Communication System Bases, Dilmurod Davronbekov, Utkir Karimovich Matyokubov, Malika Ilkhamovna Abdullayeva

Bulletin of TUIT: Management and Communication Technologies

In this study, the reliability of mobile system base stations (BTS) is assessed by analyzing data obtained on faults in about 200 BTS over a six-month period. Five BTSs with the highest number of failures and duration of failure were selected in these BTSs. Based on the data obtained, reliability parameters were calculated and compared.

The study used Weibull’s dismissal process distribution method. The breakdown times of each BTS were sorted. In all five BTS, it was found that β(where the value of β is the approximate value obtained from the values of the smallest squares of the Weibull graph), …


Implementing Logarithmic Type Estimation Procedure For Population Mean In Successive Sampling, P. Mukhopadhyay, A. Bandyopadhyay, G. N. Singh Nov 2020

Implementing Logarithmic Type Estimation Procedure For Population Mean In Successive Sampling, P. Mukhopadhyay, A. Bandyopadhyay, G. N. Singh

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

Abstract: Bahl, S. and Tuteja R.K. (1991) [1] introduced exponential structure which earned considerable success among the survey statisticians. The present paper, getting inspiration from that, attempts to introduce a new chain type ratio estimator using logarithmic function structure. The estimator is applied in successive sampling situation where complete response is presumed at both occasions. We have studied the properties of the suggested estimator and also derived its optimum condition. The strength of the proposed estimator over the conventional ones has been discussed, through numerical illustrations, taking into account four standard data sets from various situations. Encouraged with the outcomes …


Univariate And Multivariate Double Slash Distribution: Properties And Application, M. El-Morshedy, A. H. El- Bassiouny, M. H. Tahir, M. S. Eliwa Nov 2020

Univariate And Multivariate Double Slash Distribution: Properties And Application, M. El-Morshedy, A. H. El- Bassiouny, M. H. Tahir, M. S. Eliwa

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, we introduce an extension for the slash distribution, called double slash distribution which, is a heavy tailed compared to slash distribution. The univariate and multivariate forms for the proposed model are proposed. Moreover, moments and the invariant property under linear transformations are discussed. A simulation study is performed to investigate asymptotically the bias properties of the estimators. Finally, a real data application is analyzed to obtain the flexibility of the new model.


Optimal Discrete Search For A Randomly Moving Covid19, A. A. M. Teamah, W. A. Afifi, Javid Gani Dar, Abd Al-Aziz Hosni El-Bagoury, Sndus Naji Al-Aziz Nov 2020

Optimal Discrete Search For A Randomly Moving Covid19, A. A. M. Teamah, W. A. Afifi, Javid Gani Dar, Abd Al-Aziz Hosni El-Bagoury, Sndus Naji Al-Aziz

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, we subedit a search for a randomly moving Coronavirus (COVID-19) among a finite set of different states. We use a monitoring system to search for COVID-19 which is hidden in one of the n cells of the respiratory system in the human body in each fixed number of time intervals m. The expected rescue time of the patient and detecting COVID-19 has been obtained. Also, we extend the results and obtain the total optimal expected search time of COVID-19. The optimal search strategy is derived suing a dynamic programming algorithm. An illustrative real life example introduced to …


Inferences From Ailamujia Distribution Based On Progressive Type-Ii Censored Data, Mohamad A. Fawzy, Haseeb Athar Nov 2020

Inferences From Ailamujia Distribution Based On Progressive Type-Ii Censored Data, Mohamad A. Fawzy, Haseeb Athar

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, the parameters of Ailamujia distribution are estimated under partially accelerated life test (PALT). The maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods are used. The Bayes estimates of the parameters under squared error (SE) loss functions and linear exponential (LINEX) loss function by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are obtained. Further, the explicit expression for moments and recurrence relations between moments of progressive Type-II censored data are also obtained. Finally, simulation study is carried out to compare the different methods of estimation.


Mg Exponentiated Pareto Distribution, Hussein Eledum, S. I. Ansari Nov 2020

Mg Exponentiated Pareto Distribution, Hussein Eledum, S. I. Ansari

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, we have introduced a new generalization of the Exponentiated Pareto distribution named as the MG Exponentiated Pareto (MGEP) distribution based on MG transmutation map introduced by Kumar et al. (2017). Furthermore, we have derived some statistical properties of the MGEP distribution. The parameters for the proposed distribution is estimated using maximum likelihood method and the performance of estimators is studied by using simulation. An application of MGEP distribution to a real data set for the purpose of illustration is conducted.


Accelerated Life Test Plans And Age-Replacement Policy Under Warranty On Burr Type-X Distribution With Type-Ii Censoring, Intekhab Alam, Arif Ul Islam, Aquil Ahmed Nov 2020

Accelerated Life Test Plans And Age-Replacement Policy Under Warranty On Burr Type-X Distribution With Type-Ii Censoring, Intekhab Alam, Arif Ul Islam, Aquil Ahmed

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, we describe how to design and analyze the accelerated life testing (ALTg) plans for the improvement of the quality and the reliability of the product. We also focus on finding the expected cost rate and the expected total cost for age-replacement under warranty policy. The problem is studied using constant stress, under the assumption that the lifetimes of the units follow Burr Type-X distribution for predicting the cost of age replacement under warranty policy. Asymptotic variance and covariance matrix of the estimators are obtained by using the Fisher Information Matrix. Confidence intervals for parameters and respective errors …


A Probability Model For The Number Of Female Child Births, Anup Kumar Nov 2020

A Probability Model For The Number Of Female Child Births, Anup Kumar

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

We analysed the phenomenon of ‘son preference’ that is prevalent in the Indian society, through a probability model for the number of female childbirths among females of Indian society. In [1], a probability model for the number of female childbirths was applied to an observed set of data taken from NFHS-III (2005-06) for the seven North-East states of India. Some problem regarding the application of the model to the data set is found and the proper solution is suggested. The modified approach is illustrated to observed data set taken from NFHS-III(2005-06) for few states of India of different regions.


Churn Prediction For Savings Bank Customers: A Machine Learning Approach, Prashant Verma Nov 2020

Churn Prediction For Savings Bank Customers: A Machine Learning Approach, Prashant Verma

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

This paper explores churn prediction for savings account customer, based on various statistical & machine learning models and uses under-sampling, to improve the predictive power of these models, considering the imbalance characteristics of customer churn rate in the data. Model Accuracy, Area under the curve (AUC), Gini coefficient, and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve have been utilized for model comparison. The results show that out of the various machine learning models, Random Forest which predicts the churn with 78% accuracy, is the most powerful model for the scenario. Customer vintage, customer’s age, average balance, occupation code, population type, average debit …


Statistical Analysis Of Fertility Control Measures In Diverse Group Of Females, Brijesh Pratap Singh, Sonam Maheshwari, Puneet Kumar Gupta Nov 2020

Statistical Analysis Of Fertility Control Measures In Diverse Group Of Females, Brijesh Pratap Singh, Sonam Maheshwari, Puneet Kumar Gupta

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

Fertility in India will continue to decline steadily to below-replacement levels towards the end of the century, and then recover early next century. Averages aggregated at the national level however, mask the considerable economic, cultural and spatial heterogeneity at the regional level, which in turn, have a profound influence on the level and pace of fertility decline. Conventional fertility theories highlight the influence of modernization, social and economic development and diffusion of changing ideas and individualistic values on the desired number of children. In this study estimation of fertility pattern is analyzed by two fertility control measure. First measure is …


Likelihood Of Surviving Children Using A Probability Model, Shubhagata Roy Nov 2020

Likelihood Of Surviving Children Using A Probability Model, Shubhagata Roy

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

Child birth is a natural phenomenon which is required to develop a society. Controlled population growth is a boon for any developing country and taking care of it is the prime responsibility of the concerned government. Unfortunately, in India, child mortality had been a real curse for decades and there were no concrete models which could estimate the number of surviving children in a given time period. In the recent times, lots of initiatives have been taken by the government and other agencies for controlling the fast growing population and at the same time to reduce child mortality. Few of …