Digital Commons Network^™

A Ten-Stage Protocol For Assessing The Welfare Of Individual Non-Captive Wild Animals: Free Roaming Horses Equus Ferus Caballus) As An Example, David James Mellor

General - Animal Welfare

Knowledge of the welfare status of wild animals is vital for informing debates about the ways in which we interact with wild animals and their habitats. Currently, there is no published information about how to scientifically assess the welfare of free-roaming wild animals during their normal day-to-day lives. Using free-roaming horses as an example, we describe a ten-stage protocol for systematically and scientifically assessing the welfare of individual non-captive wild animals. The protocol starts by emphasizing the importance of readers having an understanding of animal welfare in a conservation context and also of the Five Domains Model for assessing welfare. …

Dewitt Wallace Library Annual Report 2019-2020, Dewitt Wallace Library, Macalester College

Annual Report - DeWitt Wallace Library

Summary of Macalester's DeWitt Wallace Library activities for 2019-2020.

Theme: Your Library, Wherever You Are

General Perceptions Of Citizens On Anti-Coronavirus Pandemic Measures: The Case Of Hong Kong, Paul Leung, Jamie Lo

Faculty of Management & Hospitality (THEi)

The fears in related to the threats of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were spreading wide and far since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 was declared to be a Public Health Emergency if International Concern by the UN World Health Organization (WHO) on 30th January 2020 and subsequently announced as a pandemic on 11th March. As of 16 April, there were more than 2.08 million confirmed cases and over 134 thousand deaths reported. The general public’s and governments’ reactions to the pandemic are diverse. Owing to the lack of knowledge about the disease and the rapid development …

One Health Approach To Vector Biology And Epidemiology Of Arboviruses, Rickettsia,And Protozoain Smallholder Livestock Systems In Western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya

All PhD Dissertations

Background:Vector-borne pathogens (VBP) present a seriousthreat to both animal and humanhealth globally due to their zoonotic potential.'One Health' epidemio-surveillance systems that integrate human, animal, and arthropod vector facetsof VBP transmission enhance detection and can give rise to informed effective multi-sectoral vector-borne disease control options. The most important vectors are ticks and mosquitoes, which have a cosmopolitan distribution due to their ecological plasticity. Collectively,they transmit viral, bacterial,and protozoal pathogensin sub-Saharan Africa. The distributional ranges ofVBP areexpected to expand due to increased globaltravel and trade in goods and livestock. Arboviruses, such as Rift Valley fever (RVF), chikungunya, dengue, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever …

University Of Texas At Tyler Course Catalog, 2020 - 2021, University Of Texas At Tyler

Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Chemical Space Exploration Around Thieno[3,2-D]Pyrimidin-4(3h)-One Scaffold Led To A Novel Class Of Highly Active Clostridium Difficile Inhibitors, Xuwei Shao

Theses and Dissertations

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the United States. Therefore, development of novel treatments for CDI is a high priority. Toward this goal, we began in vitro screening of a structurally diverse in-house library of 67 compounds against two pathogenic C. difficile strains (ATCC BAA 1870 and ATCC 43255), which yielded a hit compound, 2-methyl-8-nitroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (2) with moderate potency (MIC = 312/156 µM). Optimization of 2 gave lead compound 6a (2-methyl-7-nitrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one) with improved potency (MIC = 19/38 µM), selectivity over normal gut microflora, CC50s >606 µM against mammalian cell lines, and acceptable stability in …

Structure-Guided Molecular Grafting Of A Complex Broadly Neutralizing Viral Epitope, G. Bajic, M. J. Maron, T. M. Caradonna, M. Tian, Adam Mermelstein , '21, Daniela Fera, G. Kelsoe, M. Kuraoka, A. G. Schmidt

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

Antigenic variation and viral evolution have thwarted traditional influenza vaccination strategies. The broad protection afforded by a “universal” influenza vaccine may come from immunogens that elicit humoral immune responses targeting conserved epitopes on the viral hemagglutinin (HA), such as the receptor-binding site (RBS). Here, we engineered candidate immunogens that use noncirculating, avian influenza HAs as molecular scaffolds to present the broadly neutralizing RBS epitope from historical, circulating H1 influenzas. These “resurfaced” HAs (rsHAs) remove epitopes potentially targeted by strain-specific responses in immune-experienced individuals. Through structure-guided optimization, we improved two antigenically different scaffolds to bind a diverse panel of pan-H1 and …

Using Crispr-Cas9 As A Restriction Enzyme, Zack Crawley

Master's Theses

Restriction digests are a commonly utilized process for cleaving DNA at specific, but relatively common sites. Restriction enzymes have widespread use in DNA manipulation. CRISPR/Cas9 is a recently identified endonuclease which utilizes a customizable guide sequence to recognize and cut specific ~20 bp sites located in a DNA sequence. This preliminary research aimed to exploit the potential benefit of DNA restriction using the CRISPR/Cas9 procedure through alterations of different components involved in that system. We sought to refine existing CRISPR/Cas9 protocols and make a budget friendly, user-selectable CRISPR/Cas9 restriction digest protocol. The motivation for this research was to simplify and …

A Framework To Assess The Rehabilitation Of Historic Cave Dwellings In Libya Using Modernization Theory And Technology Acceptance Model, Salaheddin Mohammed Ali Ebrahim

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the associations between the technology acceptance model and modernization theory with Libyans’ perceptions of cave dwellings in the Nafusa Mountains region, West of Tripoli. The researcher formally tested hypotheses linking cave dwelling's ease of use, usefulness, and the perceived intention to live in a modernized cave dwelling with the education, income, age, gender, and employment categories of Libyan participants in the study. A framework for constructing modernized cave dwellings that are attractive to local residents for temporary and permanent living is then provided.

Using 450 responses from Libyans worldwide, this study found that the technology acceptance model …

Telemedicine Hcv Treatment In Department Of Corrections Results In High Svr In Era Of Direct-Acting Antivirals (Daa), Taseen A. Syed, Reena Cherian, Lewis Shawn, Richard K. Sterling

Graduate Medical Education (GME) Resident and Fellow Research Day Posters

No abstract provided.

General Microbiology, North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University

Open Educational Resources Syllabus Review

This is an introduction to the basic principles of microbiology. Microbial ultrastructure, growth, metabolism, molecular genetics, diversity, infectious diseases, and immunology will be discussed. The laboratory introduces students to the principles of microscopy, specimen preparation for light microscopy, aseptic techniques, cultivation techniques, and the biochemical activities of microorganisms.

Stochastic Expression Of Sae-Dependent Virulence Genes During Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Development Is Dependent On Saes, Elizabeth A. Delmain, Derek E. Moormeier, Jennifer L. Endres, Rebecca E. Hodges, Marat R. Sadykov, Alexander R. Horswill, Kenneth W. Bayles

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The intricate process of biofilm formation in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus involves distinct stages during which a complex mixture of matrix molecules is produced and modified throughout the developmental cycle. Early in biofilm development, a subpopulation of cells detaches from its substrate in an event termed “exodus” that is mediated by SaePQRS-dependent stochastic expression of a secreted staphylococcal nuclease, which degrades extracellular DNA within the matrix, causing the release of cells and subsequently allowing for the formation of metabolically heterogenous microcolonies. Since the SaePQRS regulatory system is involved in the transcriptional control of multiple S. aureus virulence factors, the …

The Influences Of Green Infrastructure On Levels Of Somatic And Male-Specific Coliphages At Shadyside Park, Oula Salih

Student Papers and Reports

Microbial contamination is still considered one of the major causes of diminished function and quality of urban rivers and streams in Michigan. Floodplains, a type of green infrastructure used to reduce flooding after large amounts of rainfall, were reported to have variable effects of reducing levels of stormwater runoff within these bodies of water ( Hubbart et al., 2011 ). Viral indicators of fecal contamination in bodies of water include male-specific and somatic coliphages. Water samples from Plaster Creek were collected before and after the floodplain in order to identify the levels of somatic and male-specific coliphages during dry and …

2020-2021 Maine Medical Center House Staff, Maine Medical Center

Graduate Medical Education

No abstract provided.

A Novel Vaccine Candidate Based On Chimeric Virus-Like Particle Displaying Multiple Conserved Epitope Peptides Induced Neutralizing Antibodies Against Ebv Infection., Xiao Zhang, Bingchun Zhao, Mingmei Ding, Shuo Song, Yinfeng Kang, Yang Yu, Miao Xu, Tong Xiang, Ling Gao, Qisheng Feng, Qinjian Zhao, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Claude Krummenacher, Yi-Xin Zeng

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative pathogen for infectious mononucleosis and many kinds of malignancies including several lymphomas such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and NK/T cell lymphoma as well as carcinomas such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBV-GC). However, to date no available prophylactic vaccine was launched to the market for clinical use.

Family, Time, And Meaning Toward The End Of Life In Japan, Susan O. Long

2020 Faculty Bibliography

In contrast to media images of lonely deaths, stereotypes of the Japanese calm acceptance of dying, and the “naturalness” of dependency in old age or illness, this paper explores the complex ways in which changing perceptions of time refocus people towards the question of how to live. Time both narrows to the level of medication schedules and bodily functions, and expands to more immediate engagement with others in the past and future. The idea of a moral timeline of such changes builds upon recent work in the anthropology of morality by recognizing shifting ideas and actions people take to retain …

Influence Of Conformational Restriction On The Antibacterial Activity And Ribosomal Selectivity Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Michael Gabriel Pirrone

Wayne State University Dissertations

The ever-increasing threat posed by multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria necessitates

the development of novel antibiotics. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are growing in interest due to

their broad spectrum of activity, lack of known drug related allergies, low manufacturing cost,

and their well-studied mechanism of action. The simplification of rational drug design due to the

well-studied mechanism of action is the key to overcoming the issues presented by these drugs,

namely ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

A study of the effect of the conformation of the aminoglycoside ring I side chain is

described wherein it was discovered that an increase in a particular conformation augments the …

Critical Analysis Of The Value Of Drought Information And Impacts On Land Management And Public Health, Tingting Liu, Kelly Helm Smith, Richard Krop, Tonya Haigh, Mark Svoboda

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

This paper reviews previous efforts to assign monetary value to climatic or meteorological information, such as public information on drought, climate, early warning systems, and weather forecast information. Methods and tools that have been explored to examine the benefits of climatic and meteorological information include the avoided cost, contingent valuation, choice experiments, benefit transfer, and descriptive approaches using surveys. The second part of this paper discusses specific considerations related to valuing drought information for public health and the Bureau of Land Management. We found a multitude of connections between drought and the land management and health sectors in the literature. …

Using Climate To Explain And Predict West Nile Virus Risk In Nebraska, Kelly Smith, Andrew Tyre, Jeff Hamik, Michael Hayes, Yuzhen Zhou, Li Dai

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

We used monthly precipitation and temperature data to give early warning of years with higher West Nile Virus (WNV) risk in Nebraska. We used generalized additive models with a negative binomial distribution and smoothing curves to identify combinations of extremes and timing that had the most influence, experimenting with all combinations of temperature and drought data, lagged by 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. We fit models on data from 2002 through 2011, used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to select the best‐fitting model, and used 2012 as out‐of‐sample data for prediction, and repeated this process for each successive year, …

The Effects Of Foodborne Bacteria On Outbreaks, Illnesses, And Hospitalizations In The U.S., Henrietta Ofori-Sampong

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: To investigate the effects of foodborne bacteria on outbreaks, and outbreak-associated illnesses and hospitalizations in the United States (U.S.).

Methods: Aggregate data was obtained from the CDC WONDER (Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database showing the number of foodborne outbreaks (1993-2017), and outbreak-associated illnesses (1993-2017) and hospitalizations (1998-2017) caused by foodborne bacteria. Species of bacteria were grouped into 13 genera and 1 other. An Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean outbreaks, and outbreak-associated illnesses and hospitalizations for each of the years using the data by species for each year. Results: There was no …

Fluorescent Sensor Arrays Can Predict And Quantify The Composition Of Multicomponent Bacterial Samples, Denis Svechkarev, Marat Sadykov, Lucas J. Houser, Kenneth W. Bayles, Aaron M. Mohs

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Fast and reliable identification of infectious disease agents is among the most important challenges for the healthcare system. The discrimination of individual components of mixed infections represents a particularly difficult task. In the current study we further expand the functionality of a ratiometric sensor array technology based on small-molecule environmentally-sensitive organic dyes, which can be successfully applied for the analysis of mixed bacterial samples. Using pattern recognition methods and data from pure bacterial species, we demonstrate that this approach can be used to quantify the composition of mixtures, as well as to predict their components with the accuracy of ~80% …

Loss Of Trp53 (P53) Accelerates Tumorigenesis And Changes The Tumor Spectrum Of Sjl/J Mice., Jane Branca, Benjamin E. Low, Ruth L. Saxl, Jennifer K Sargent, Rosalinda A. Doty, Michael V. Wiles, Beth L Dumont, Muneer G. Hasham

Faculty Research 2020

Known as the guardian of the genome, transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a well -known tumor suppressor. Here, we describe a novel TRP53 deficient mouse model on a tumor prone background-SJL/J mice. The absence of TRP53 (TRP53 nullizygosity) leads to a shift in the tumor spectrum from a non-Hodgkin's-like disease to thymic lymphomas and testicular teratomas at a very rapid tumor onset averaging ~12 weeks of age. In haplotype studies, comparing tumor prone versus tumor resistant Trp53 null mouse strains, we found that other tumor suppressor, DNA repair and/or immune system genes modulate tumor incidence in TRP53 null strains, suggesting …

Contrasting Immunomodulatory Effects Of Probiotic And Pathogenic Bacteria On Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Larvae, Tejashree H. Modak, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Several Vibrio spp. cause acute and severe mortality events in hatcheries where larvae of bivalve mollusks are reared, potentially leading to subsequent shortage of bivalve seed for the grow-out industry. In particular, strains of Vibrio coralliilyticus have been identified as a major cause of disease in Pacific, Crassostrea gigas, and eastern, C. virginica, oyster hatcheries in the United States of America. Probiotic bacteria are an inexpensive, practical, and natural method of disease control. Previous research shows that pretreatment of larval oysters with probiotic bacteria Bacillus pumilus RI06–95 (RI) and Phaeobacter inhibens S4 (S4) significantly decreases mortality caused …

"Grandfamilies" Amid The Opioid Crisis: An Increasing Reason To Update Pennsylvania's Outdated Intestacy Laws, Joanne L. Parise

Duquesne Law Review

No abstract provided.

Illegitimate Medical Purpose: Resolving The Fundamental Flaw In Criminal Prosecutions Involving Physicians Charged With Overprescribing Prescription Opioids, Jacob C. Hanley

Duquesne Law Review

No abstract provided.

Hepatitis C Education, Testing, And Treatment In Homeless Shelters: Models For Linkage To Care In High-Risk Populations, Erin H. Higley

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: With the increase of IV drug use, Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections have increased considerably among the homeless population. The introduction of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications has made treating marginalized populations much easier. However, getting homeless patients and people who inject drugs (PWID) linked to care remains a challenge worldwide. More research is needed to ensure that all persons with HCV are able to access treatment regardless of social or economic status. Purpose: The purpose of this critical review of research is to identify models of care for treating HCV among the homeless. This review was done to support …

Training To Reduce Emergency Responders’ Perceived Overdose Risk From Contact With Fentanyl: Early Evidence Of Success, Rachel Winograd, Sarah Phillips, Claire Wood, Lauren Green, Brandon Costerison, Jeremiah Goulka, Leo Beletsky

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Use And Partitioning Of Riparian Corridors By Mammalian Carnivores In Rio Mora National Wildlife Refuge, Armando Toral Becker

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Land conversion across the Southwestern U.S. for agricultural and livestock use and prolonged drought conditions cascade to reduce ecosystem function, including habitat provision for wildlife. Arroyo restoration efforts aim to improve wildlife habitat by decreasing soil erosion and enhancing water retention. These hydrologic and geomorphic changes increase the likelihood that wildlife use restored corridors by increasing riparian vegetation cover. Rio Mora National Wildlife Refuge (RMNWR) has restored several arroyos by installing a system of one-rock dams throughout the refuge, but the extent to which mammals prefer restored over unrestored riparian corridors and how habitat structure influences mammalian use and density …

Immunologic Analysis Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In People Living With Hiv, Ramsey Yusuf

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Among people living with HIV (PLWH), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has emerged as the most common non-AIDS defining cancer and a leading cause of death. PLWH with NSCLC are diagnosed at younger ages and demonstrate worse outcomes compared to the general population. Global immune dysregulation in the setting of HIV infection may account for these disparities, however little is known about the immunobiology of HIV-associated NSCLC. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and pathology of NSCLC in PLWH. This retrospective cohort study examined HIV-associated and uninfected NSCLC cases within Yale-New Haven Hospital between 2000-2016. Medical …

Graduate Medical Education Annual Report 2019-2020, Children's Mercy Hospital

GME Annual Reports

Annual report of the Children's Mercy Hospital Graduate Medical Education department, including pediatric residency, internal medicine/pediatrics residency, fellowship programs, medical students, continuing medical education, and library services.