Digital Commons Network^™

Bilingualism Is Associated With A Delayed Onset Of Dementia But Not With A Lower Risk Of Developing It: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses, Stefano Brini, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Mitchell R.L. Forrest, Matti Laine, Heikki Hämäläinen, Mira Karrasch, Jeremiah Peiffer, Ralph Martins, Timothy J. Fairchild

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Some studies have linked bilingualism with a later onset of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Not all studies have observed such relationships, however. Differences in study outcomes may be due to methodological limitations and the presence of confounding factors within studies such as immigration status and level of education. We conducted the first systematic review with meta-analysis combining cross-sectional studies to explore if bilingualism might delay symptom onset and diagnosis of dementia, AD, and MCI. Primary outcomes included the age of symptom onset, the age at diagnosis of MCI or dementia, and the risk of developing …

Correction To: Bilingualism Is Associated With A Delayed Onset Of Dementia But Not With A Lower Risk Of Developing It: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses, Stefano Brini, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Mitchell R. L. Forrest, Matti Laine, Heikki Hämäläinen, Mira Karrasch, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Ralph N. Martins, Timothy J. Fairchild

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The original version of this article unfortunately contained the following mistakes. 1. In the Results section under the paragraph Disease Severity, the sentence “The PIs ranged between -0.47 and 0.57 MMSE points” should read -0.49 and 0.59 MMSE points. 2. In Figs. 3, 5, and 7, the labels “favour bilinguals” and “favours monolinguals” should be inverted. Therefore, it should be “favours monolinguals” and “favours bilinguals”. Please see below for the correct figures. © 2020, The Author(s).

Solids Velocity Measurement Using Electric Capacitance Sensor Assemblies, Usama Abrar, Liu Shi, Nasif Raza Jaffri, Qin Li, Hassan Raza Sindhu, Mian Waqas Omar

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper covers the application of the cross-correlation method for measuring the velocity of solid particles. Capacitive electrodes are used as primary sensors to measure the time required by the solid particles to cover a known distance between the electrodes. The capacitive variations of both the electrode sensors are stored in computer synchronously for offline estimation of the velocity of the solid particles. Single glass marble is used as a solid particle to conduct the performance in the lab for its good signal to noise ratio (SNR) and vivid graphs. Matlab R2018a is used as a programming tool to perform …

Recent High School Graduates Support Mandatory Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education In Australian High Schools, Tim Rankin, Lisa Holmes, Leanne Vance, Tom Crehan, Brennen Mills

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective:

To evaluate recent high school graduates' opinions on mandatory cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in the high school curriculum as a solution to improving bystander CPR rates.

Methods:

Participants completed questionnaires assessing their CPR training history during their high school education, their willingness to learn CPR during their high school years and their opinion on making CPR training mandatory for high school curricula.

Results:

Of the 178 participants in this study, 60% had undertaken CPR training during their high school education. Of those who had not undertaken CPR training, 75% reported that they would have been willing …

Randomised Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study Examining The Role Of Anamorelin In Mesothelioma (The Anthem Study): Rationale And Protocol, Siao Nge Hoon, Katrina Fyfe, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Samantha Bowyer, Felicity Hawkins, Emily Jeffery, Hui Jun Chih, Jenette Creaney, Anna Nowak, Fraser Brims

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction Cachexia is common in malignant mesothelioma (MM); half of patients have malnutrition and low skeletal muscle mass. Malnourished patients have worse quality of life (QoL). Weight loss is strongly associated with poor survival. Anamorelin is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist that improves appetite, body weight and QoL in advanced cancer. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of anamorelin in improving appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and patient-reported outcomes in patients with MM with cachexia. Methods and analysis A single-centre, phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over pilot study with 28-day treatment periods and 3-day washout. Forty patients …

Development Of An Infrared Pollution Index To Identify Ground-Level Compositional, Particle Size, And Humidity Changes Using Himawari-8, M. Sowden, D. Blake, D. Cohen, A. Atanacio, Ute Mueller

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Speciated air quality data informs health studies and quantitates impacts. However, monitoring is concentrated around populated regions whilst, large remote and rural regions remain unmonitored despite risks of dust-storms or wild-fires. Sub-hourly, infrared, geostationary data, such as the 10-min data from Himawari 8, could potentially be used to quantify regional air quality continually. Monitoring of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is restricted to visible spectra (i.e. daytime only), while newer quantification methods using geostationary infrared (IR) data have focused on detecting the presence, or absence, of an event. Limited attention has been given to the determination of particle size and aerosol …

Rdtids: Rules And Decision Tree-Based Intrusion Detection System For Internet-Of-Things Networks, Mohammad Amine Ferrag, Leandros Maglaras, Ahmed Ahmim, Makhlouf Derdour, Helge Janicke

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS), named RDTIDS, for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. The RDTIDS combines different classifier approaches which are based on decision tree and rules-based concepts, namely, REP Tree, JRip algorithm and Forest PA. Specifically, the first and second method take as inputs features of the data set, and classify the network traffic as Attack/Benign. The third classifier uses features of the initial data set in addition to the outputs of the first and the second classifier as inputs. The experimental results obtained by analyzing the proposed IDS using the CICIDS2017 dataset and BoT-IoT dataset, attest …

Using Climate Change Models To Inform The Recovery Of The Western Ground Parrot Pezoporus Flaviventris, Shaun W. Molloy, Allan H. Burbidge, Sarah Comer, Robert A. Davis

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Translocation of species to areas of former habitat after threats have been mitigated is a common conservation action. However, the long-term success of reintroduction relies on identification of currently available habitat and areas that will remain, or become, habitat in the future. Commonly, a short-term view is taken, focusing on obvious and assumed threats such as predators and habitat degradation. However, in areas subject to significant climate change, challenges include correctly identifying variables that define habitat, and considering probable changes over time. This poses challenges with species such as the western ground parrot Pezoporus flaviventris, which was once relatively common …

Supporting New Graduate Registered Nurse Transition For Safety: A Literature Review Update, Melanie Murray, Deborah Sundin, Vicki Cope

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Reports suggest higher incidence of medical errors occur during times of transition for new practitioners, in part due to general staff disruption in the health services and inexperience of those entering the workplace. NGRNs experience a range of challenges on transition to professional practice and their transition experience will impact their ability to provide high quality patient care.

Aim: The aim of this review was to critically appraise the contemporary literature concerning the transition of new graduate registered nurses (NGRNs) and their patient safety knowledge and practices.

Design: A scoping review of research literature.

Methods: The review used key …

The Influence Of The Government On Corporate Environmental Reporting In China: An Authoritarian Capitalism Perspective, Hui Situ, Carol Tilt, Pi-Shen Seet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study uses panel data to investigate the different roles of the Chinese government in influencing companies’ decision making about corporate environmental reporting (CER) via a two-stage process. The results show that the Chinese government appears to mainly influence the decision whether to disclose or not, but has limited influence on how much firms disclose. The results also show that the traditional model of authoritarian capitalism (under which state-owned enterprises [SOEs] are the major governance arrangement) is transforming into a new model. In the new model of authoritarian capitalism, the Chinese government uses newer, more sophisticated tools to manage both …

Long-Term Maxillary Three Dimensional Changes Following Maxillary Protraction With Or Without Expansion: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Wei-Cheng Lee, Yi-Shing Shieh, Yu-Fang Liao, Cho-Hao Lee, Chiung Shing Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Maxillary protraction with or without expansion appears to be an effective orthopedic treatment in skeletal class III growing patients, but the long-term effect on maxilla changes is less clear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate long-term three dimensional skeletal effects on maxilla through face mask (FM) with or without rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in skeletal CIII growing patients. Materials and methods We searched database including PubMed, Science Direct, Embase and Web of Science through Feb 2020. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials or cohort studies recruiting growing patients who received maxillary protraction and/or expansion and comparing the …

Prevalence And Types Of Incivility In Occupational Therapy Fieldwork, Deborah J. Bolding, Travis Dudley, Adrienne Dahlmeier, Lauren Bland, Aimee Castro, Adrianna Covarrubias

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Civility between health professions students and fieldwork educators enhances positive learning outcomes, while incivility can lead to stress, loss of confidence, mistakes, disengagement, and decreased patient outcomes. A survey of recent graduates of occupational therapy programs (N = 247) explored the prevalence and types of incivility and bullying experienced during their Level II fieldwork experiences. Respondents reported that incivility in fieldwork education was widespread, with more severe experiences of bullying reported by 16% of respondents. Occupational therapy programs and fieldwork educators must take an active role in prevention and management of uncivil behaviors, and promote positive academic and patient care …

Minimizing Blood Loss In Spine Surgery., Christopher Mikhail, Zach Pennington, Paul M Arnold, Darrel S Brodke, Jens R Chapman, Norman Chutkan, Michael D Daubs, John G Devine, Michael G Fehlings, Daniel E Gelb, George M Ghobrial, James S Harrop, Christian Hoelscher, Fan Jiang, John J Knightly, Brian K Kwon, Thomas E Mroz, Ahmad Nassr, K Daniel Riew, Lali H Sekhon, Justin S Smith, Vincent C Traynelis, Jeffrey C Wang, Michael H Weber, Jefferson R Wilson, Christopher D Witiw, Daniel M Sciubba, Samuel K Cho

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Study Design: Broad narrative review.

Objective: To review and summarize the current literature on guidelines, outcomes, techniques and indications surrounding multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Methods: A thorough review of peer-reviewed literature was performed on the guidelines, outcomes, techniques, and indications for multiple modalities of minimizing blood loss in spine surgery.

Results: There is a large body of literature that provides a consensus on guidelines regarding the appropriate timing of discontinuation of anticoagulation, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and herbal supplements prior to surgery. Additionally, there is a more heterogenous discussion the utility of preoperative autologous …

Mobile Ka-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations Of Wildfire Smoke Plumes, Taylor Brianna Aydell

Master's Theses

Remote sensing techniques have been more recently used to study and track wildfire smoke plume structure and evolution; however, knowledge gaps remain due to the limited availability of observational datasets aimed at understanding the fine-scale fire-atmosphere interactions and plume microphysics. In this study, we present a new mobile millimeter-wave (Ka-band) Doppler radar system acquired to sample the fine-scale kinematics and microphysical properties of active wildfire smoke plumes from both wildfires and large prescribed fires. Four field deployments were conducted in the fall of 2019 during two wildfires in California and one prescribed burn in Utah. An additional dataset of precipitation …

Tcad-Machine Learning Framework For Device Variation And Operating Temperature Analysis With Experimental Demonstration, Hiu Yung Wong, Ming Xiao, Boyan Wang, Yan Ka Chiu, Xiaodong Yan, Jiahui Ma, Kohei Sasaki, Han Wang, Yuhao Zhang

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This work, for the first time, experimentally demonstrates a TCAD-Machine Learning (TCAD-ML) framework to assist the analysis of device-to-device variation and operating (ambient) temperature without the need of physical quantities extraction. The ML algorithm used in this work is the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by third order polynomial regression. After calibrated to limited 'expensive' experimental data, 'low cost' TCAD simulation is used to generate a large amount of device data to train the ML model. The ML was then used to identify the root cause of device variation and operating temperature from any given experimental current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. We …

Improvement Of Tcad Augmented Machine Learning Using Autoencoder For Semiconductor Variation Identification And Inverse Design, Kashyap Mehta, Sophia Susan Raju, Ming Xiao, Boyan Wang, Yuhao Zhang, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A machine learning (ML) model by combing two autoencoders and one linear regression model is proposed to avoid overfitting and to improve the accuracy of Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD)-augmented ML for semiconductor structural variation identification and inverse design, without using domain expertise. TCAD-augmented ML utilizes TCAD simulations to generate sufficient data for ML model development when experimental data are inadequate. The ML model can then be used to identify semiconductor structural variation for given experimental electrical measurements. In this study, the variation of layer thicknesses in the p-i-n diode is used as a demonstration. An ML model is developed to …

Incorporating A Canopy Parameterization Within A Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Model To Improve A Smoke Simulation For A Prescribed Burn, Derek V. Mallia, Adam K. Kochanski, Shawn P. Urbanski, Jan Mandel, Angel Farguell, Steven K. Krueger

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Forecasting fire growth, plume rise and smoke impacts on air quality remains a challenging task. Wildland fires dynamically interact with the atmosphere, which can impact fire behavior, plume rises, and smoke dispersion. For understory fires, the fire propagation is driven by winds attenuated by the forest canopy. However, most numerical weather prediction models providing meteorological forcing for fire models are unable to resolve canopy winds. In this study, an improved canopy model parameterization was implemented within a coupled fire-atmosphere model (WRF-SFIRE) to simulate a prescribed burn within a forested plot. Simulations with and without a canopy wind model were generated …

Energy Filtering Effect At Source Contact On Ultra-Scaled Mosfets, Johan Saltin, Nguyen Cong Dao, Philip H.W. Leong, Hiu Yung Wong

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We postulate that in ultra-scaled Field Effect Transistors (FET), such as nanowires in sub-7nm technology, the source contact will act as an energy filter and increase the effective temperature of carriers arriving at the channel barrier. This is due to the absence of inelastic scattering in the short source-contact-to-channel region. As a result, the Sub-threshold Slope (SS) will increase substantially. In this paper, we verify this energy filtering effect through numerical calculations and Technology Computer-Aided-Design (TCAD) simulations calibrated to quantum solvers for electrostatics. It is found that SS degradation increases as the source metal workfunction increases. At 300K, in the …

An Ultra-Low-Power Area-Efficient Non-Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying Demodulator For Implantable Biomedical Microsystems, Milad Ghazi, Mohammad Hossein Maghami, Parviz Amiri, Sotoudeh Hamedi-Hagh

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A novel non-coherent, low-power, area-efficient binary phase-shift keying demodulator for wireless implantable biomedical microsystems is proposed. The received data and synchronized clock signal are detected using a delayed digitized format of the input signal. The proposed technique does not require any kind of oscillator circuit, and due to the synchronization of all circuit signals, the proposed demodulator can work in a wide range of biomedical data telemetry common frequencies in different process/temperature corners. The presented circuit has been designed and post-layout-simulated in a standard 0.18 µm CMOS technology and occupies 17 × 27 µm2 of active area. Post-layout simulation results …

Spatial Particulate Fields During Highwinds In The Imperial Valley, California, Frank R. Freedman, Paul English, Jeff Wagner, Yang Liu, Akula Venkatram, Daniel Q. Tong, Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan, Meytar Sorek-Hamer, Robert Chatfield, Ana Rivera, Patrick L. Kinney

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We examined windblown dust within the Imperial Valley (CA) during strong springtime west-southwesterly (WSW) wind events. Analysis of routine agency meteorological and ambient particulate matter (PM) measurements identified 165 high WSW wind events between March and June 2013 to 2019. The PM concentrations over these days are higher at northern valley monitoring sites, with daily PM mass concentration of particles less than 10 micrometers aerodynamic diameter (PM10) at these sites commonly greater than 100 μg/m3 and reaching around 400 μg/m3, and daily PM mass concentration of particles less than 2.5 micrometers aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) commonly greater than 20 μg/m3 and …

Determination Of Demagnetizing Factors Using First-Order Reversal Curves And Ferromagnetic Resonance, K. S. Muster, R. Heindl

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We present a method to quantitatively analyze magnetizing or demagnetizing interactions in arrayed nano-magnets by combining first-order reversal curve (FORC) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement data. We develop a function to predict the resulting FORC distribution given: (1) a Gaussian intrinsic distribution in terms of the internal field and (2) a mean interaction field proportional to the sample's magnetic moment. We then perform least-squares regression of our model on experimental FORC measurements of a nanowire array and of a thin film. Combining the obtained interaction field with an FMR fit result allows us to algebraically solve for the effective axial …

Racial Purges, Robert L. Tsai

Faculty Scholarship

In a two-year period, 1885-86, over 168 communities in America forcibly expelled Chinese residents from their midst. This essay, inspired by historian Beth Lew-Williams's book, THE CHINESE MUST GO, investigates the nineteenth-century purges of Chinese residents that occurred throughout the American west. I make three arguments. First, these acts of racial and political terror complicate our understanding of racial violence in America. Many of the actions were denounced, but they were also surprisingly effective in forcing business and political leaders to support the indefinite suspension of Chinese migration. Perpetrators faced almost no legal repercussions, and unlike for freed persons, racial …

The Growth And Need For Veterans Treatment Courts, Chad Lennon

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Validation Of Microrna Biomarkers For Alzheimer’S Disease In Human Cerebrospinal Fluid, Jack T. Wiedrick, Jay I. Phillips, Theresa A. Lusardi, Trevor J. Mcfarland, Babbet Lind, Ursula K. Sandau, Christina A. Harrington, Jodi A. Lapidusa, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

We previously discovered microRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that differentiate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients from Controls. Here we examined the performance of 37 candidate AD miRNA biomarkers in a new and independent cohort of CSF from 47 AD patients and 71 Controls on custom TaqMan arrays. We employed a consensus ranking approach to provide an overall priority score for each miRNA, then used multimarker models to assess the relative contributions of the top-ranking miRNAs to differentiate AD from Controls. We assessed classification performance of the top-ranking miRNAs when combined with apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype status or CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42):total …

Analysis Of Covid-19 Transmission: Low Risk Of Presymptomatic Spread?, Mark K. Slifka, William B. Messer, Ian J. Amanna

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

More than 6 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) have been identified worldwide and a number of case reports1-5 have indicated that COVID-19 has the potential to be transmitted prior to disease onset. Studies have also shown that infectious virus can be isolated from presymptomatic COVID-19 cases6 and although it is unknown what level of infectious virus is needed to confer efficient transmission potential, detection of infectious virus in the upper respiratory tract indicates that presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 is plausible. Fear of asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 has led to considerable concern among public health policy …

Screening For Unhealthy Drug Use: Updated Evidence Report And Systematic Review For The Us Preventive Services Task Force, Carrie D. Patnode, Leslie A. Perdue, Megan Rushkin, Tracy Dana, Ian Blazina, Christina Bougatsos, Sara Grusing, Elizabeth A. O'Connor, Rongwei Fu, Roger Chou

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

IMPORTANCE

Illicit drug use is among the most common causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US.

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review the literature on screening and interventions for drug use to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through September 18, 2018; literature surveillance through September 21, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Test accuracy studies to detect drug misuse and randomized clinical trials of screening and interventions to reduce drug use. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Critical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 reviewers and random-effects meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES …

Narrative Therapy To Reduce Self-Stigma: Empowering Children, Adolescents, And Their Families, Jillian Baldwin

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

The effects of self-stigma on children and adolescents with mental health diagnoses is a documented psychological issue in academic literature; however, no studies or articles to date present strategies for reducing its negative effects. Additionally, very few studies have connected the experience of parental stigma, or courtesy/affiliate stigma, and its effects on child and family well-being. Self-stigma has been conceptualized as existing on the opposite end of the spectrum from empowerment, suggesting that empowerment may serve as a promising approach to tackling self-stigmatization. This paper presents a novel therapeutic intervention for reducing self-stigma in children, adolescents, and their families through …

The Role Of Awareness In Traumatic Brain Injuries: Interviews With Experts, Dominique Chao

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Approximately 2.8 million US citizens sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually, with more than 275,000 requiring inpatient rehabilitation (Taylor, Bell & Breiding, 2013). As rehabilitation techniques are refined and adapted to increase the speed of recovery and functional independence following TBIs, there is an ongoing need for better prognostic assessment tools. Research has shown that a lack of self-awareness following TBI is associated with poorer outcomes (e.g. employability, community reintegration) following discharge from inpatient hospitalizations (Cheng & Man, 2006; Robertson & Schmitter, 2016) and can result in decreased motivation (Simmonds & Fleming, 2003), compromised safety, poor community re-integration, and …

Access Law Schools & Diversifying The Profession, Deseriee A. Kennedy

Scholarly Works

Lawyers do not reflect the racial diversity in the United States. The legal profession continues to struggle with ways to achieve and maintain racial diversity. Law schools play a critical role in the path to practice, and therefore an examination of the barriers to the profession they created is warranted. This essay critiques the over-reliance on standardized testing in law school admissions and advocates for an open admissions process that prioritizes racial and academic diversity. It suggests that the benefits of minimizing the role of standardized tests far outweigh any perceived costs in legal education. This essay concludes that the …

An Expanded Catalogue Of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies In The Coma Cluster Using Subaru/Suprime-Cam, Adebusola B. Alabi, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Duncan A. Forbes, Jean P. Brodie, Nobuhiro Okabe

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We present a catalogue of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies in the Coma cluster obtained from deep Subaru/Suprime-Cam V- and R-band imaging data within a region of -4 deg2. We increase the number of LSB galaxies presented in Yagi et al. (2016) by a factor of -3 and report the discovery of 29 new ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs). We compile the largest sample of UDGs with colours and structural parameters in the Coma cluster. While most UDGs lie along the red-sequence relation of the colour–magnitude diagram, -16 per cent are outside (bluer or redder) the red-sequence region of Coma cluster galaxies. …