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2020

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Assessment Of Emergency Department High Utilizer Program In Public Health System Setting, Michael Malaise Jan 2020

Assessment Of Emergency Department High Utilizer Program In Public Health System Setting, Michael Malaise

All ETDs from UAB

is study examined whether a case management model designed to reduce emergency department utilization among patients described as super-utilizers in a public health system could also reduce the per patient cost of those super-utilizers. The setting for this study was a large public health system in a major metropolitan area. The study focused on a low-income, urban population. Given the program’s stated desire to improve the self-efficacy of patients over time so that they could take more ownership of their own health status, this study reviewed the program within the framework of self-efficacy theory. This research predicted that the case …

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The Viper Pit, Brett Hurst Jan 2020

The Viper Pit, Brett Hurst

All ETDs from UAB

he Viper Pit was born out of a writing prompt from Jim Braziel’s fiction writing class. We had to write a short story based on a photo from The American Photobooth. On page 174 of that book, a photo on the far right corner sparked my interest last year. It was the type of picture you see and automatically do a double-take. The man in the photo held the snake so close to his face like a newborn baby. The connection between the man and the snake ignited something in my imagination. On that day, I gave that man a …

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The Relationship Between Government Grants And Nonprofit Revenue Diversification, Samantha Jeanne Arceneaux Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Government Grants And Nonprofit Revenue Diversification, Samantha Jeanne Arceneaux

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The financial health of nonprofits has been of interest to researchers for decades and continues to be of concern as the size United States nonprofit sector continues to grow both in the number of registered nonprofits and in finances, and third-party government increasingly uses partnerships with nonprofits to deliver services to the public. Empirical studies of revenue diversification and concentration indicate that they can both contribute to nonprofit financial health by assisting in developing a strategy of financial sustainability or financial capacity. However, empirical studies on the relationship between government funding and the nonprofit sector have been limited. This analysis …

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Locus Coeruleus Degeneration In Alzheimer’S Disease And Its Effect On Beta-Adrenergic Signaling In The Hippocampus, Bethany Langner Jan 2020

Locus Coeruleus Degeneration In Alzheimer’S Disease And Its Effect On Beta-Adrenergic Signaling In The Hippocampus, Bethany Langner

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Locus coeruleus (LC) degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and loss of noradrenergic (NA) innervation in hippocampus contributes to learning and memory deficits. Recently, a novel rat model (TgF344-AD) has been created that allows for a more thorough investigation into these mechanisms due to its similarity to human AD pathology. The McMahon lab has recently demonstrated heightened long-term potentiation (LTP) and a ‘supersensitivity’ of -adrenergic receptors (-ARs) at excitatory synapses in the dentate gyrus (DG) in TgF344-AD rats. These mechanisms could be responsible for maintaining learning and memory during buildup of AD pathology. The first goal of this Master’s thesis was …

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Impact Of Different Human Coronaviruses (Hcovs) On Pediatric Patients At A Tertiary Pediatric Hospital – Retrospective Study, Abdulsalam Alsulami Jan 2020

Impact Of Different Human Coronaviruses (Hcovs) On Pediatric Patients At A Tertiary Pediatric Hospital – Retrospective Study, Abdulsalam Alsulami

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Background: Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) are important pathogens associated with respiratory disease in humans and animals. The majority of HCoVs are emerging human pathogens with 7 known types causing human disease and 5 being identified in the last 2 decades. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all encounters with known HCoV at a tertiary pediatric hospital from January 2015 until January 2018. Electronic medical records (EMRs) were reviewed for demographic data, HCoV type, viral copathogens, time to testing, admission, need for increased intensity of care (HLC), requirement for supplemental oxygen, radiographic findings suggestive lower respiratory tract disease (LRT) when available …

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The Role Of Neutrophils In Chronic Heart Failure, Sergey Antipenko Jan 2020

The Role Of Neutrophils In Chronic Heart Failure, Sergey Antipenko

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Acute myocardial infarction (MI) produces massive, sudden cardiomyocyte death, triggering an inflammatory and healing response that initially leads to scar formation and ultimately may induce progressive ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). Scar formation and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy occur in response to MI to stabilize injury compensating for lost myocardial function. Over time, heart function can become decompensated due to neuroendocrine dysfunction and adverse LV remodeling, ultimately leading to HF. Adverse remodeling is characterized by continued dysregulated collagen deposition, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increased inflammation. Studies have documented a resurgence in inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating leukocytes after resolution of the …

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Molecular Regulation Of Glioblastoma Spatial Heterogeneity And Therapeutic Resistance, Soniya Bastola Jan 2020

Molecular Regulation Of Glioblastoma Spatial Heterogeneity And Therapeutic Resistance, Soniya Bastola

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive, highly vascularized, and heterogeneous malignant tumor of the brain. Due to the highly infiltrative phenotype of GBM, surgery often leaves behind residual tumor cells. In many cases, recurrence occurs close to the surgical margin suggesting the role of these remaining cells in promoting tumor aggressiveness. Rapidly growing tumor creates subsequent hypoxic, and hypovascular core due to limited nutrients, whereas tumor cells in the leading edge have access to nutrients from vasculature enriched microenvironment. Studies have identified the cellular and molecular heterogeneity between the tumors in core and edge. Still, their mechanisms of intercellular …

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Tau-Dependent Regulation Of Network Hyperexcitability By Alzheimer’S Disease Risk Gene Bin1, Yuliya Voskobiynyk Jan 2020

Tau-Dependent Regulation Of Network Hyperexcitability By Alzheimer’S Disease Risk Gene Bin1, Yuliya Voskobiynyk

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder that affects an astonishing 5.8 million Americans, a number projected to reach 14 million by the year 2050. While only about 1% of all AD cases are caused by mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, the cause of sporadic AD remains unknown. Variations in several risk genes have been proposed to contribute to the development of sporadic AD cases. Since, currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies for families affected by AD and multiple anti-amyloid-beta therapies failed in clinical trials, determining how these risk genes contribute to the development of AD is crucial …

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Gene–Environment Interaction In Parkinson Disease: The Gut Microbiome, Zachary D. Wallen Jan 2020

Gene–Environment Interaction In Parkinson Disease: The Gut Microbiome, Zachary D. Wallen

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GENE–ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN PARKINSON DISEASE: THE GUT MICROBIOME ZACHARY D. WALLEN GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND BIOINFORMATICS ABSTRACTParkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Majority of cases are idiopathic, and the cause is unknown. Studies have been conducted in human and animals to identify PD risk factors, resulting in a list of genetic and environmental factors that modestly increases risk of PD. Still, no individual risk factor fully explains the cause of PD, and neither has the combination of these factors. Additional avenues of research are being investigated to find potential triggers of PD, and factors that might …

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The Role Of The Viral Envelope Protein Gpul132 In Assembly Compartment Formation And Virion Production: Intracellular Lipids And/Or Cholesterol, Hui Wu Jan 2020

The Role Of The Viral Envelope Protein Gpul132 In Assembly Compartment Formation And Virion Production: Intracellular Lipids And/Or Cholesterol, Hui Wu

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects over 50% of the world’s population. HCMV infection is asymptomatic in healthy individuals, however can cause severe morbidity and mortality in individuals with compromised innate or adaptive immunity. As a complex virus that has been known for about 70 years, we are still in search of vaccines or effective treatments against it. HCMV genome encodes over 175 open reading frames with the function of majority proteins remains to be defined. A unique feature of HCMV among herpesvirus is the reorganization of cellular secretory pathway and membranes to form assembly compartment (AC). …

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Circadian Control Of Blood Pressure And Renal Electrolyte Excretion, Dingguo Zhang Jan 2020

Circadian Control Of Blood Pressure And Renal Electrolyte Excretion, Dingguo Zhang

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Many physiological processes, including blood pressure (BP) regulation, follow specific rhythms tied to a 24-h cycle. This is largely because circadian genes operate in virtually every cell type in the body. In healthy individuals, BP during nighttime is 10-20% lower compared to daytime, a phenomenon known as “nocturnal dipping”. It is acknowledged that the dipping of BP is essential in maintaining normal cardiovascular and renal function. However, it remains unclear as to what factors contribute to nocturnal dipping. The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythm of BP. Bmal1 is one of the core circadian …

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Toward The Mechanism Underlying Latanoprost- And Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Patients Treated For Glaucoma, Jillian Ziemanski Jan 2020

Toward The Mechanism Underlying Latanoprost- And Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Patients Treated For Glaucoma, Jillian Ziemanski

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Once thought to be no more than a vexing eye condition, ocular surface disease (OSD) is now being viewed as a differentiating factor between sight and no sight. In the setting of glaucoma, OSD can interfere with treatment success, potentially allowing the visually devastating pathology of glaucoma to plow onward with little restraint. Compounding the clinical challenge is the growing awareness that glaucoma-associated OSD appears to be iatrogenically induced by topical ophthalmic medications. Daily, topical instillation of preserved prostaglandin analogs (PGAs), the most common first-line treatment for glaucoma, has been linked to a variety of OSD subtypes, including meibomian gland …

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A Modified Standard American Diet (Msad) Induces Physiological Parameters Associated The With Metabolic Syndrome In C57bl/6j Mice, Sophie Bru Chehade Jan 2020

A Modified Standard American Diet (Msad) Induces Physiological Parameters Associated The With Metabolic Syndrome In C57bl/6j Mice, Sophie Bru Chehade

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Obesity manifests physiologically in multiple organ systems of the body, typically increasing the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Researchers have questioned the causative role that western dietary patterns have on disease pathogenesis and have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote optimal animal model health and reduce variation of results across experiments. These diets have been invaluable to murine research; however, their translational value in studying human nutrition-related pathologies is limited. Early …

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Lim Transcriptional Complexes That Impact Endocrine Pancreas Development And Function, Maigen Bethea Jan 2020

Lim Transcriptional Complexes That Impact Endocrine Pancreas Development And Function, Maigen Bethea

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The Ldb1:Isl1 LIM transcriptional complex is critical for endocrine pancreas development as well as b-cell terminal differentiation. These complexes have been shown to interact with various proteins to elicit transcriptional regulation in other tissues, yet few interactors have been identified in b-cells. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to identify interactors of Ldb1 and Isl1 and assess their contributions to endocrine pancreas development and function. Using a reversible crosslink immunoprecipitation (ReCLIP) and mass spectrometry (MS) strategy to isolate endogenous Ldb1 and/or Isl1 interacting protiens, SSBP3, Rnf20, and Rnf40 (E3 ubiquitin ligases) coregulators were identified. SSBP3 was found to interact …

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Transcriptional, Translational, And Enzymatic Metabolic Regulation By L-2 Hyroxyglutarate, Garrett Brinkley Jan 2020

Transcriptional, Translational, And Enzymatic Metabolic Regulation By L-2 Hyroxyglutarate, Garrett Brinkley

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Recent studies have identified elevated levels of a small metabolite, L-2 Hydroxyglutare (L-2HG), which curiously has no known metabolic roles. Renal tumors, hypoxia as well as larval development, specifically in Drosophila, all have been identified to have high levels of L-2HG. These broad categories suggest L-2HG has a physiological role. This work uncovers the impact of elevated levels of L-2HG in altering normal kidney and renal tumors. With structural similarity to α-Ketoglutarate (αKG), L-2HG acts as a competitive inhibitor to enzymes that utilize αKG as substrates or co-factors. L-2HG is known to be metabolized by L-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). Loss of …

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Restless Legs Syndrome And Multiple Sclerosis: The Possible Role Of Physical Activity For Managing Symptoms, Katie Cederberg Jan 2020

Restless Legs Syndrome And Multiple Sclerosis: The Possible Role Of Physical Activity For Managing Symptoms, Katie Cederberg

All ETDs from UAB

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an idiopathic neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs that affects 26% of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The current pharmacological treatments for RLS are associated with a number of side effects, including the worsening of symptoms (i.e., augmentation). Physical activity represents a promising, behavioral approach for managing symptoms of RLS in MS. To date, physical activity has demonstrated tremendous benefits for managing many consequences of MS, but there is no evidence on its efficacy for managing RLS in MS. This dissertation described the current literature regarding physical activity and RLS in adults …

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Distinct Tissue Specific Functions Of Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells, And Their Therapeudic Applications In Myeloid Neoplasms, Virginia Camacho Jan 2020

Distinct Tissue Specific Functions Of Bone Marrow Regulatory T Cells, And Their Therapeudic Applications In Myeloid Neoplasms, Virginia Camacho

All ETDs from UAB

In the bone marrow, Regulatory T cells (Tregs) constitute nearly 30% of CD4+ T cells, a significantly higher ratio than other tissues. Although a few of the mechanisms by which Tregs regulate normal hematopoiesis have been elucidated, our understanding of this process during leukemogenesis is ex-tremely limited. In this work, we define how Tregs maintain and support the bone marrow microenvironment. We propose that the role of Tregs extends be-yond their canonical immuno-suppressive function and that these cells are re-quired to maintain healthy hematopoiesis. We have defined tissue-specific roles for Tregs in the bone marrow including the maintenance of hematopoietic …

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Abnormalities In The Akt-Mtor Signaling Pathway In The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenia, Radhika Chadha Jan 2020

Abnormalities In The Akt-Mtor Signaling Pathway In The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex In Schizophrenia, Radhika Chadha

All ETDs from UAB

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex and heterogeneous mental illness in which myriad changes across multiple neurotransmitter systems (dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and others) have been reported. Numerous regulatory mechanisms have been explored in SZ research and rather than being a disorder of one specific neurotransmitter pathway, SZ may instead be a disturbance of intracellular signaling processes that underlie the regulation of these systems. The AKT-mTOR signaling cascade plays an important role in core cellular processes of cell growth, metabolism and survival and is one such potential candidate. Abnormalities in AKT expression and activity have been consistently implicated in SZ pathophysiology …

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From Pathology To Circuits: Loss Of Pink1 Function In Parkinson’S Disease, Rose Berthe Creed Jan 2020

From Pathology To Circuits: Loss Of Pink1 Function In Parkinson’S Disease, Rose Berthe Creed

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurogenerative motor disorder, affecting over 10 million people worldwide. Clinically, PD is diagnosed by presentation of hypokinetic movements such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Additionally, PD patients have non-motor symptoms that include anosmia, constipation, and hypophonia. Current therapeutics have been successful in treating many of the locomotor symptoms, however no therapies stop or slow disease progression and the effectiveness of current medications diminishes as the symptoms invariably become more severe over the course of many years. Histopathologically, PD diagnosis is confirmed postmortem by two pathological hallmarks: 1. loss of dopaminergic neurons in …

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Impact Of Diet And Meal Timing On Time-Of-Day Dependent Hippocampal Function, Jennifer Davis Jan 2020

Impact Of Diet And Meal Timing On Time-Of-Day Dependent Hippocampal Function, Jennifer Davis

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Circadian rhythms are biological processes that cycle every ~24 hours and have allowed life to adapt for optimal function across the day. These rhythms are present in all tissues in the body and are coordinated to the light/dark cycle by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Along with active-rest cycles, cognitive performance fluctuates across the course of the day, peaking during the active phase. In addition to the light cycle, food and meal timing can provide signaling cues to extra-SCN tissues. Food access only during the inactive phase results in weight gain and memory impairment. High fat diet protocols …

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Mechanisms Of Virtual Reality To Improve Walking And Reaching Behavior In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Rebecca Hennessy Jan 2020

Mechanisms Of Virtual Reality To Improve Walking And Reaching Behavior In Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain, Rebecca Hennessy

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Chronic low back pain (cLBP), low back pain persisting longer than three to six months, is a prevalent condition that can greatly interfere with movement quality. Specifically, cLBP can result in slower walking speeds and negatively affect reaching movements. Virtual reality (VR) encompasses a variety of technologies which may potentially improve therapeutic interventions for individuals with cLBP by presenting users with fun, distracting, and engaging challenges that align with their rehabilitative goals. While VR systems have become more accessible to everyday users, there is limited research which specifically examines VR mechanisms to improve walking and reaching quality. This dissertation presents …

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Characterization Of Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations, Intracranial Pressure And Translaminar Pressure Measured With Wireless Telemetry In Nonhuman Primates, Jessica Violet Jasien Jan 2020

Characterization Of Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations, Intracranial Pressure And Translaminar Pressure Measured With Wireless Telemetry In Nonhuman Primates, Jessica Violet Jasien

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Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness and third leading cause of visual impairment worldwide; 180 million people suffer from a glaucomatous visual disability. Glaucoma is an ocular neurodegenerative disease with several risk factors. The major identified risk factors of glaucoma are intraocular pressure (IOP), age, race, central cornea thickness, family history, and low diastolic blood pressure. The lowering of IOP is the only modifiable risk factor for the disease. However, we know little about the true character of IOP. Periodic IOP measurements are obtained every few months or at the discretion of the clinician during office hours and …

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Restricting Access To Employment: A Study Of A Human Rights Violation Against Lebanon's Palestinian Refugee Population, Samih Mohamad Ali Eloubeidi Jan 2020

Restricting Access To Employment: A Study Of A Human Rights Violation Against Lebanon's Palestinian Refugee Population, Samih Mohamad Ali Eloubeidi

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While there has been an increase in refugees worldwide over the past several years, some groups, namely Palestinian refugees, have been refugees since their expulsion from Palestine in 1948. Many countries have accepted and allowed Palestinian refugees to integrate into their societies, both socially and economically, but Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are not granted many basic rights. One of these is the right to employment, which has been heavily restricted by the Lebanese government. While policy reports have described the detrimental ramifications of this lack of access to employment on Palestinian refugees’ livelihood, almost none of these have documented Palestinian …

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Assessment Of Neuropsychological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury And Association With Early Orientation Performance, Christina Diblasio Jan 2020

Assessment Of Neuropsychological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury And Association With Early Orientation Performance, Christina Diblasio

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Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of permanent disability, and cognition plays a critical role in overall function and life after TBI. Moderate-severe TBI often creates long-term deficits in the domains of attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function. Given the prevalence of cognitive deficits following injury and the debilitating effects these deficits can have on functioning, it is important to monitor cognition directly following injury and across recovery. Routine cognitive assessment is essential in order to identify deficits, track recovery, and better guide rehabilitation and educational efforts. It is also critical to identify accurate and feasible …

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Noninvasive Neuromodulation Using A Benchtop Approach To Mri-Guided Focused Ultrasound Blood Brain Barrier Opening, Megan Rich Jan 2020

Noninvasive Neuromodulation Using A Benchtop Approach To Mri-Guided Focused Ultrasound Blood Brain Barrier Opening, Megan Rich

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Fundamental neuroscience research has provided a deeper understanding of the genes, molecules and cellular circuitry involved in neurological disorders, however translating discovery into clinical application remains a major challenge. This bench to bedside gap is in part due to the discrepancy in techniques used in the laboratory vs. the clinic for targeting the mechanisms that underlie disease. Ideally this discrepancy would be resolved not only by implementing novel clinical techniques to provide more precise targeting of disease foci, but also by using the same techniques in the clinic that are used at the lab bench to provide a direct bench …

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The Reproductive Ecology Of The Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin Pileata) In Coastal Alabama: Implications For Conservation Amid Global Climate Change, Catherine Audrey Sirgo Jan 2020

The Reproductive Ecology Of The Diamondback Terrapin (Malaclemys Terrapin Pileata) In Coastal Alabama: Implications For Conservation Amid Global Climate Change, Catherine Audrey Sirgo

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The diamondback terrapin is the only emydid turtle within the United States that exclusively resides in salt marsh habitats. Over the past century, the species has seen dramatic declines in numbers due to being exploited for terrapin soup as well as other threats, including crab trap induced mortality, nest depredation, and habitat alteration or loss. In addition to these well-known historic threats, global climate change has become a growing concern due its potential threats on the terrapin and its habitat. The goal of this study was to assess the reproductive ecology of the Mississippi diamondback terrapins that reside within the …

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Exploring The Roles Of Long Non-Coding Rnas In Glioblastoma Tumor Recurrence And Therapy Resistance, Christian Tyler Stackhouse Jan 2020

Exploring The Roles Of Long Non-Coding Rnas In Glioblastoma Tumor Recurrence And Therapy Resistance, Christian Tyler Stackhouse

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ABSTRACT Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary CNS brain tumor with a median survival time of around 14 months. Most patients succumb to re-current disease which is often more malignant than the primary tumor and is frequently therapy resistant. There have not been significant advances in the treatment of GBM despite decades of research. This is partly due to the lack of accurate preclinical models and of the focus on primary rather than recurrent tumors. We created a 350 gene custom GBM-specific panel which contains 16 molecular signatures including molecular sub-typing signatures. We have demonstrated concordance of …

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Functionalized Aromatic Organic Scintillators As Tools For Non-Invasive Optogenetics, David French Jan 2020

Functionalized Aromatic Organic Scintillators As Tools For Non-Invasive Optogenetics, David French

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Optogenetics is a growing discipline of neuroscience that attempts to control brain circuits using light. Current techniques involving surgically implanted light-emittingdiodes are highly invasive. This limitation could be avoided by the use of a tissuepenetrative light source, such as x-rays, and a locally applied down-converting material. This work describes the design, optimization, and proof-of-concept application of organic aromatic-based scintillators as non-invasive tools for optogenetics. The first chapter describes the synthesis of 2-anthryl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate copolymers and an evaluation of their use as x-ray induced scintillators (radioluminescence). The 2-anthryl methacrylate monomer and the copolymers all exhibited radioluminescence in the solid state. …

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The Evolution Of Racism Through The Lens Of Lynching Rhetoric And Memory, Tammy Blue Jan 2020

The Evolution Of Racism Through The Lens Of Lynching Rhetoric And Memory, Tammy Blue

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The Evolution of Racism Through the Lens of Lynching Rhetoric and Memory, examines the use of ‘lynching’ in its definition, legislation and politics. Rhetoric has the power to influence and persuade, therefore when public figures manipulate lynching rhetoric, the meaning of lynching becomes distorted. In part, this thesis explores the difficulty of defining lynching. Among others, key players in this process included Walter White of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Monroe Work of the Tuskegee Institute, and Jessie Daniel Ames of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL). Their battle to …

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Psychosocial And Physiological Correlates Of Chronic Pain In Persons Living With Hiv, Michael Owens Jan 2020

Psychosocial And Physiological Correlates Of Chronic Pain In Persons Living With Hiv, Michael Owens

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Due to recent advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) who respond well and remain adherent to their medication regimens are achieving “near normal” life expectancies. As a result, HIV is no longer considered a death sentence, but rather a chronic health condition to be managed. However, the longer a person lives with the virus, the more prone to HIV-associated chronic diseases he or she becomes. One particularly important health condition with the potential to significantly and negatively impact quality of life is chronic pain. The prevalence rates of chronic pain in PLWH are estimated to be …

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