Digital Commons Network^™

Real Food Challenge And Climate Impact Assessment: A Food System Analysis At Santa Clara University, 2018-19, Emma Mccurry, Paige Whittaker

Sustainable Food Systems Fellowship

Two undergraduate students at Santa Clara University were hired to work as Food Systems Fellows from April to October, 2019. This position was co-sponsored by the Center for Sustainability and the Auxiliary Services division. The goal of this work was to explore the Santa Clara University food system’s impact on the environment from both an ecological and a social perspective and identify opportunities for improvement.

The Fellows utilized standards and core values from The Real Food Challenge, a national non-profit dedicated to leveraging the power of colleges and universities to increase equity and sustainability in food systems. The Real Food …

Evaluating Prevalence And Mortality Of External Injuries On Loggerhead (Caretta Caretta) And Green (Chelonia Mydas) Sea Turtles In Florida, Usa, Aleah Marie Ataman

USF St. Petersburg campus Master's Theses (Graduate)

Anthropogenic threats, such as bycatch, boat strikes, and pollution, account for two to three times more sea turtle mortality events than natural causes. The goals of this study were to: (1) determine prevalence and cause of external traumatic injuries on nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Juno Beach, Florida and (2) conduct an analysis of historical rehabilitation data from Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) to calculate mortality of loggerhead and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles injured by boats. During the 2019 nesting season, 300 loggerheads were tagged and examined for external injuries. All injuries were categorized based on …

The Legal Envelope Theorem, Daniel A. Weisbach, Daniel J. Hemel

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Non-tax legal rules regulating the workplace, the 6inancial sector, real property, and many other areas affect the ability of governments to collect revenues and provide public goods. Yet tax-collection considerations rarely enter into economic analyses of non-tax legal rules. Usually, tax-collection concerns are shunted aside to separate studies (and separate law-school courses) rather than being integrated into debates in non-tax spheres. This separation between non-tax legal rules and tax- collection considerations bears signi6icant negative consequences for the ability of law and economics to generate descriptively accurate and normatively attractive accounts of important non-tax legal questions.

This Article takes a step …

The Essences Of Objects: Explicating A Theory Of Essence In Object-Oriented Ontology, Stanford Howdyshell

Philosophy Faculty Publications

In this paper, I will discuss the need for a theory of essences within Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and then formulate one. I will do so by drawing on Graham Harman’s work on OOO and Martin Heidegger’s thought on the essence of being, presented in his Introduction to Metaphysics. Harman touches on essences, describing them as the tension between a withdrawn object and its withdrawn qualities, but fails to distinguish between essential and inessential qualities within this framework. To fill in the gaps, I will turn to Heidegger’s explication of phusis in order to show that an essential aspect of …

The Aspet Mentoring Network: Enhancing Diversity And Inclusion Through Career Coaching Groups Within A Scientific Society, Veronica Y. Womack, Bhoomi K. Thakore, Christine V. Wood, David C. Jewett, Remi F. Jones, Susan L. Ingram, Janet A. Clark, Catherine L. Fry, Lynn Wecker, Richard Mcgee

Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences Faculty Publications

Over the past decades, two persisting priorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) training have been: 1) increasing the knowledge of and access to careers beyond academic scientist; and 2) increasing the diversity of the STEM workforce. Previous studies show that a uniquely constructed career coaching group provides strong support and progress for both priorities. This report extends this design into a more sustainable model that is positioned within the professional context of rising young scientists. This new model is based in the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)—the ASPET Mentoring Network. Groups of PhD students and …

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Alleviates The Neuroinflammation Associated With Acquired Brain Injury, Brooke Bonsack, Sydney Corey, Alex Shear, Matt Heyck, Blaise Cozene, Nadia Sadanandan, Henry Zhang, Bella Gonzales-Portillo, Michael Sheyner, Cesar V. Borlongan

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprise two particularly prevalent and costly examples of acquired brain injury (ABI). Following stroke or TBI, primary cell death and secondary cell death closely model disease progression and worsen outcomes. Mounting evidence indicates that long-term neuroinflammation extensively exacerbates the secondary deterioration of brain structure and function. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, mesenchymal stem cell transplants have emerged as a promising approach to treating this facet of stroke and TBI pathology. In this review, we summarize the classification of cell death in ABI and discuss the prominent role of inflammation. We then …

Advancing Stem Cell Therapy For Repair Of Damaged Lung Microvasculature In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis, Robert Shell, Hilmi Mustafa, Surafuale Hailu, Alison E. Willing, Paul R. Sanberg, Cesar V. Borlongan

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease of motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Progressive paralysis of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles leading to respiratory dysfunction and failure is the most common cause of death in ALS patients. Respiratory impairment has also been shown in animal models of ALS. Vascular pathology is another recently recognized hallmark of ALS pathogenesis. Central nervous system (CNS) capillary damage is a shared disease element in ALS rodent models and ALS patients. Microvascular impairment outside of the CNS, such as in the lungs, may occur in ALS, triggering lung damage …

Foraminal Ligaments Tether Upper Cervical Nerve Roots: A Potential Cause Of Postoperative C5 Palsy, Andrew S. Jack, Brooks R. Osburn, Zane A. Tymchak, Wyatt L. Ramey, Rod J. Oskouian, Robert A. Hart, Jens R. Chapman, Line G. Jacques, R. Shane Tubbs

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

Background: Nerve root tethering upon dorsal spinal cord (SC) migration has been proposed as a potential mechanism for postoperative C5 palsy (C5P). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this relationship by anatomically comparing C5–C6 nerve root translation before and after root untethering by cutting the cervical foraminal ligaments (FL).

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if C5 root untethering through FL cutting results in increased root translation.

Methods: Six cadaveric dissections were performed. Nerve roots were exposed via C4–C6 corpectomies and supraclavicular brachial plexus exposure. Pins were inserted into the C5–C6 roots and …

Cell Therapy For Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Obstacles To Progress, Takao Yasuhara, Satoshi Kawauchi, Kyohei Kin, Jun Morimoto, Masahiro Kameda, Tatsuya Sasaki, Brooke Bonsack, Chase Kingsbury, Naoki Tajiri, Cesar V. Borlongan, Isao Date

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

Cell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent …

Translating Intracarotid Artery Transplantation Of Bone Marrow-Derived Ncs-01 Cells For Ischemic Stroke: Behavioral And Histological Readouts And Mechanistic Insights Into Stem Cell Therapy, Yuji Kaneko, Jea-Young Lee, Naoki Tajiri, Julian P. Tuazon, Trenton Lippert, Eleonora Russo, Seong-Jin Yu, Brooke Bonsack, Sydney Corey, Alexandreya B. Coats, Chase Kingsbury, Thomas N. Chase, Minako Koga, Cesar V. Borlongan

Neurosurgery and Brain Repair Faculty Publications

The present study used in vitro and in vivo stroke models to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of adult human bone marrow-derived NCS-01 cells. Coculture with NCS-01 cells protected primary rat cortical cells or human neural progenitor cells from oxygen glucose deprivation. Adult rats that were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, transiently or permanently, and subsequently received intracarotid artery or intravenous transplants of NCS-01 cells displayed dose-dependent improvements in motor and neurological behaviors, and reductions in infarct area and peri-infarct cell loss, much better than intravenous administration. The optimal dose was 7.5 × 106 cells/mL when …

Resolvin E1 Derived From Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents Hyperinsulinemia And Hyperglycemia In A Host Genetic Manner, Anandita Pal, Abrar E. Al-Shaer, William Guesdon, Maria J. Torres, Michael Armstrong, Kevin Quinn, Traci Davis, Nichole Reisdorph, P. Darrell Neufer, Espen E. Spangenburg, Ian Carroll, Richard P. Bazinet, Ganesh V. Halade, Joan Clària, Saame Raza Shaikh

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has garnered attention after the success of the REDUCE-IT trial, which contradicted previous conclusions on EPA for cardiovascular disease risk. Here we first investigated EPA's preventative role on hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. EPA ethyl esters prevented obesity-induced glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia in C57BL/6J mice. Supporting NHANES analyses showed that fasting glucose levels of obese adults were inversely related to EPA intake. We next investigated how EPA improved murine hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. EPA overturned the obesity-driven decrement in the concentration …

Decimated Little Brown Bats Show Potential For Adaptive Change, Giorgia G. Auteri, L. L. Knowles

KIP Articles

The degree to which species can rapidly adapt is key to survival in the face of climatic and other anthropogenic changes. For little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), whose populations have experienced declines of over 90% because of the introduced fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS), survival of the species may ultimately depend upon its capacity for adaptive change. Here, we present evidence of selectively driven change (adaptation), despite dramatic nonadaptive genomic shifts (genetic drift) associated with population declines. We compared the genetic makeups of wild survivors versus non-survivors of WNS, and found significant shifts in allele frequencies of genes …

Welcome To The World Of Tomorrow: An Exploration Of Cell-Based Meats And How The Fda And Usda May Protect Intellectual Property Rights, Sean A. Grafton

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

Lab-grown meats are ready to be sold in United States markets. However, the meat product needs approval from regulators such as the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). The regulation approval process takes a significant amount of time. This approval period will cut into the lab-grown meat producers’ patent time, rendering a period of the patent ineffective.

This Comment analyzes the effect of, and possible changes to, our current laws on the emerging lab-grown meat market. To look at this problem, this Comment compares FDA and USDA regulations, analyzes the Hatch-Waxman Act, and …

The "Threat" Of Marriage Fraud: A Story Of Precarity, Exclusion, And Belonging, Sarah Pringle

Canadian Journal of Family Law

Migrants can obtain permanent residency in Canada under the family-reunification category set out in s. 12(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA). Canadian citizens or permanent residents may apply to sponsor their non-citizen spouse, common law or conjugal partner, or other relatives to move to Canada pursuant to s. 117(1)(a) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (IRPR). The bad-faith clause under s. 4(1) of the IRPR requires spousal-sponsorship applicants to prove to visa officers that, on a balance of probabilities, their relationship is “genuine” and not “entered into primarily for the purpose of …

Rod-Shape Theranostic Nanoparticles Facilitate Antiretroviral Drug Biodistribution And Activity In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptible Cells And Tissues, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya, Brendan Ottemann, Insiya Z. Mukadam, Laura Castellanos, Kristen Sikora, James R. Hilaire, Jatin Machhi, Jonathan Herskovitz, Dhruvkumar Soni, Mahmudul Hasan, Wenting Zhang, Anandakumar Sarella, Jered Garrison, Joellyn Mcmillan, Benson Edagwa, R. Lee Mosley, Richard W. Vachet, Howard E. Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus theranostics facilitates the development of long acting (LA) antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) by defining drug-particle cell depots. Optimal drug formulations are made possible based on precise particle composition, structure, shape and size. Through the creation of rod-shaped particles of defined sizes reflective of native LA drugs, theranostic probes can be deployed to measure particle-cell and tissue biodistribution, antiretroviral activities and drug retention.

Methods: Herein, we created multimodal rilpivirine (RPV) ¹⁷⁷lutetium labeled bismuth sulfide nanorods (¹⁷⁷LuBSNRs) then evaluated their structure, morphology, configuration, chemical composition, biological responses and adverse reactions. Particle biodistribution was analyzed by single …

Svat4: A Computer Program For Visualization And Analysis Of Crystal Structures, Xingzhong Li

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

SVAT4 is a computer program for interactive visualization of three-dimensional crystal structures, including chemical bonds and magnetic moments. A wide range of functions, e.g. revealing atomic layers and polyhedral clusters, are available for further structural analysis. Atomic sizes, colors, appearance, view directions and view modes (orthographic or perspective views) are adjustable. Customized work for the visualization and analysis can be saved and then reloaded. SVAT4 provides a template to simplify the process of preparation of a new data file. SVAT4 can generate high-quality images for publication and animations for presentations. The usability of SVAT4 is broadened by a software suite …

Bsa Agri Business, Marketing And Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Agricultural Communications, 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Agricultural Science, 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Production And Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Equine Management 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Animal Science, Pre-Vet 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

Bsa Plant And Soil Science, Agronomy 2020-21, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.

The Bible And The Curriculum Of American Public Schools (K-12) In The Twenty-First Century, Mark Chancey

Religious Studies Research

This article describes the various ways in which the Bible appears in the curricula of American public schools from kindergarten through twelfth grade.

A Comparison Of Sweat Rate And Sweat Electrolyte Concentrations Between Two Modes Of Exercise In Trained Triathletes, Daniel Webb

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Context: Sweat rate and sweat electrolyte concentration are traditionally collected for one exercise bout. The purpose of this study determined whether sweat electrolyte concentration and sweat rate varies between two modes of exercise. Methods: Twenty subjects (10 male/ 10 female) completed 2 training sessions, one hour of biking and one hour of running in a thermal neutral environment. Sweat samples by absorbent patches were used and collected at the end of exercise or when the sweat patches became full. Results: No differences in sweat rate (Bike = 1.12L/hr ± 0.58, Run 1.12L/hr ± .55, r(38)=.80, p = 1.00) but …

Selling Students Short: How Market Driven School Reforms Undermine Student Learning And Our Shared Democratic Ideals., Andrew Malkasian

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Outside influence in education is nothing new, but over the last half-century, these influences have coalesced around a single point of interest: infusing American education with principles of free-market economics. As a result, teachers are now instructing students in a fast-paced, hyper-competitive, data-driven environment where performance and quantitative outcomes are paramount. Consequently, students are no longer taught, nor encouraged, to be active participants in a democratic society but rather workers in an ever- expanding capitalist market that mandates winners and losers - a notion wholly contradictory to the spirit of education.

The purpose of this research is to indicate how …

Oh, Mr. Sandman, Connor Keane

West Chester University Master’s Theses

This thesis consists of the first fifty-four pages of a full-length novel. It is intended to function as the first act of a four-act story, and therefore its primary goal is to set up and facilitate conflict and character development in later acts. I have chosen four acts over the traditional three act structure in order to further develop the central mystery and allow for slower, more nuanced character development. This thesis aspires to act as the foundation upon which a multifaceted narrative, containing both a compelling story and a meaningful message, can be told.

The premise of the novel …

Novel Mechanism For Turning Performance In Bluefin Tuna, Abigail Downs

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Scombrid fishes can attain exceptional swimming speeds due to their thunniform, lift-based propulsion, large muscle mass, and fusiform body shape. A rigid body restricts maneuverability for aquatic organisms. To test if turning maneuvers by the rigid-bodied Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) are constrained, captive animals were video recorded from above as the animals routinely swam around a large circular tank or during feeding bouts. The turning performance was classified into three different types of turns: 1) glide turn, where the tuna uses the caudal fin as a rudder to passively move through the turn, 2) powered turn, where …

Microbial Energy Storage And Antimicrobial Effects Of Metal Nanoparticles, Octavia Allen

West Chester University Master’s Theses

With the use of Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) and anaerobic digester (AD) designs, wastewater treatment could be more effectively processed. Inoculation of anaerobic microorganisms, methanogens specifically, can help convert organic matter in wastewater metabolizing it to produce CH₄. Most MECs are stationary and are not actively mixed to promote expedited CH₄ production. The objective of this work was to design Wind-Actuated Vibrating Electrochemical (WAVE) digesters and utilize electrical current to increase CH₄ production rates generated by anaerobic microorganisms in MECs, optimizing efficiency of wastewater treatment. It was hypothesized WAVE mixed digesters will enhance conversion of wastewater …

Form And Function Of The California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Hindflippers: Control Surfaces For Subaqueous Maneuvers, Ariel Leahy

West Chester University Master’s Theses

The hindflippers of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have previously been overlooked as aquatic control surfaces. Although passively trailed in rectilinear swimming, the hindflippers are abducted into a delta-wing shape during aquatic maneuvers. As the anatomy of sea lion hindflippers had not previously been described, anatomical/morphological examinations were completed via scaled measurements and dissections. It was found that the tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus insert into the collagen matrix of the crenellations instead of onto bone and the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Brevis contain foramen through which the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus pass. …