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A Mathematical Model Of Regulatory Mechanisms Of Hepatocytes And Hepatitis B, Mahruy Saidalieva, Mohiniso Baxromovna Hidirova, Abrorjon Makhamatsolievich Turgunov

Makara Journal of Science

The study of the functioning of hepatitis B viruses in liver cells using methods of mathematical modeling is considered one of today’s pressing issues. In this article, the domains of functional- differential equations in a mathematical model of regulatory mechanisms of hepatocytes interacting with hepatitis B viruses (HBV) are presented. Characteristic molecular genetic systems regulatory mechanisms of the interrelated activities of liver cells and HBV are analyzed. A series of computational experiments show that the “chaos” and “black hole” theories describe two of the more dangerous regimes. As a result of the analysis of the “chaos” regime, small regions with …

Zika Virus Infection Causes Temporary Paralysis In Adult Mice With Motor Neuron Synaptic Retraction And Evidence For Proximal Peripheral Neuropathy, John D. Morrey, Alexandre L. R. Oliveira, Hong Wang, Katherine Zukor, Mateus Vidigal De Castro, Venkatraman Siddharthan

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Clinical evidence is mounting that Zika virus can contribute to Guillain-Barré syndrome which causes temporary paralysis, yet the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the mechanism of temporary acute flaccid paralysis caused by Zika virus infection in aged interferon αβ-receptor knockout mice used for their susceptibility to infection. Twenty-five to thirty-five percent of mice infected subcutaneously with Zika virus developed motor deficits including acute flaccid paralysis that peaked 8-10 days after viral challenge. These mice recovered within a week. Despite Zika virus infection in the spinal cord, motor neurons were not destroyed. We examined ultrastructures of motor neurons and synapses by …

Strengthening Effective Protection And Sustainable Utilization Of Strategic Biological Resources In China, Zeng Yan, Zhou Ju

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biological resources are strategic resources to support the sustainable development of national economy and guarantee people's health. They are also the momentous cornerstone of the development of life science, and the hotspot of international layout and competition. Developed countries have attached importance to the collection, preservation and utilization of biological resources. As one of the most species-rich countries in the world, Chinese government has drew out effective measure to support development of strategic biological resources. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has established the Biological Resources Programme, CAS (BRPCAS) by integrating Botanical Gardens, Biological Specimen Collections, Laboratory Animal Resources, Biological Genetic …

Status And Future Strategies Of Chinese Botanical Gardens, Jiao Yang, Shao Yunyun, Liao Jingping, Huang Hongwen, Hu Huabin, Zhang Quanfa, Ren Hai, Chen Jin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Chinese botanical gardens have a history of more than 100 years, but large-scale construction began in the 1950s with the establishment of modern botanical gardens led by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Currently there are 162 gardens in China, which have entered the stage of rapid construction and steady development. Chinese botanical gardens have made great contributions to native plant conservation, sustainable utilization, scientific research and environmental education in China, and have become the backbone and part of mainstream of international botanical garden community. To cope with negative effects of human disturbance on ecosystem, botanical gardens will play a more …

Challenges And Countermeasures Of Management System Of Basic Research In China, Zeng Mingbin, Li Lingjuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The boundaries of modern basic research have been constantly broadened. Basic research started from the era of "small science" dominated by the free exploration of academic institutions and stepped into the era of "big science" dominated by the state, with all sectors of society working together to promote collaborative innovation. The current management system of basic research in China has gone through several stages of adjustment, and a relatively complete funding system for basic research has been formed. Nevertheless, the resource allocation, organizational model and legal guarantee of basic research still need to be improved continuously.

Training Of High-Level Talents Of Science Popularization: Current Situation And Advices, Yuan Mengfei, Zhou Jianzhong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

High-level talents of science popularization (HLTSP) play an incomparable key role in the dissemination and popularization of science and technology in China. Entering the critical stage of building an innovative country, in order to realize the strategic goal of innovation-driven development, we must attach importance to the cultivation of HLTSP, enhance the soft power of science popularization, and solve the unbalanced development status of science popularization and innovation. Based on the analyses of realistic demand and current status of related research in HLTSP, the author maintains that the main problems focus on the following three aspects:development and scale, training mode …

"Input-Output-Policy" Analysis On Basic Research Of Scientific And Technological Powers And Its Enlightenment To China, Tian Qianfei, Zhang Zhiqiang, Ren Xiaoya, Zhang Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research is the theoretical and knowledge source of all science and technology, the basis of applied research and experimental development, and plays an important role in national development and technological progress. This study takes five major scientific and technological powers (the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan) as the analysis object, "inputoutput-science and technology policy" as the analysis framework, compares from the intensity of scientific research input, especially the intensity of basic research input long-term time series trend analysis, to scientific research paper published, scientific research field international authoritative awards and the Nobel award, as well as the …

Conduct Long-Term Observations Of Coastal Ecosystems And Lead The Marine Ecosystem Health Research, Sun Xiaoxia, Sun Song

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on long-term observation and systematic research of the Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the over-summering strategy of Calanus sinicus was revealed, and the concept of marine zooplankton functional group was proposed firstly. The long-term change and mechanism of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem under the influence of global change were clarified. The key processes, mechanisms and ecological impacts of the jellyfish disaster were revealed. The cause, the prediction method, and the systematic prevention and control strategy were proposed for the green tides of the Yellow Sea. The microplastic characteristics in China coastal seawater and key marine …

Preservation And Utilization Of Microorganism And Cell Resources, Yang Leilei, Li Ting, Deng Fei, Hao Jie, Pang Shaojun, Song Lirong, Chen Yuelei, Zhou Yuguang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In 1995, the Committee on Typical Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established and renamed as the Committee on Biological Genetic Resource Banks of CAS in 2015. Under the Committee there are 12 members of bio-resource bank from 11 institutes of CAS. Bio-resources like seeds, plant tissue in vitro, human cell lines and stem cells, animal cells and tissue samples, microorganisms, microalga, and seaweeds are collected and deposited in the banks of Committee. Each year about 40 000-50 000 cultures were shared. The basic orientation, composition, and bio-resource scale of the Biological Genetic Resource Bank of …

Problems And Prospects Of Laboratory Animal Resources In China, Zhao Xingang, Lu Fan, Cheng Ping, Tian Yong

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Laboratory animals are important basic supporting conditions for life science and medical research in China. The construction and the scientific and technological innovation of laboratory animals have greatly promoted the development of life science and the construction of Healthy China Initiative. Upon analyzing the developmental status of laboratory animal resource construction internationally and domestically, this article elaborated major issues such as animal resources, laws, ethics, and integrated databases and proposed specific goals and suggestions for the construction of laboratory animal resources in China until 2035. The article hopes to make significant contributions to support the China's life science and medical …

Overview Of Chinese Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino Bon), Feng Xiaojuan, Mi Xiangcheng, Xiao Zhishu, Cao Lei, Wu Hui, Ma Keping

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biodiversity is key to the foundation and development of human society. Biodiversity monitoring and research provide essential scientific support for the national development of ecological civilization and for building a beautiful China. To monitor the dynamic distribution of important species in typical ecoregions of China, Chinese Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino BON) was founded in 2013 under the supports of 19 institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the sponsorship of the 12th and 13th FiveYear Plans. Covering 30 main sites and 60 affiliated sites all over China, Sino BON includes 10 subnetworks specialized at monitoring different groups of species …

Current Situation And Future Of Biological Collections Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, He Peng, Chen Jun, Qiao Gexia

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the increasing impact of global environmental change and human activities on biodiversity, human beings will face significant needs in the areas of biodiversity awareness, conservation and sustainable use, and national biosafety. The Biological Collections of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) include the Biological Collections/Museums belonging to 18 scientific research institutes of CAS. It is the main place for preservation, research, and scientific education of animal, plant, fungus, and fossil specimens in China. Among them, there are two institutes who are leading the National Animal Collection and the National Herbarium, respectively, which are listed into the National Science and …

Evolution Law Of Manufacturing Paradigm And Policy Suggestions For Developing New Manufacturing, Yang Qingfeng, Ren Jinluan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Up to now, the manufacturing paradigm has gone through four stages:handmade, large machine production, assembly line production, and mass customization. Through historical research, this study finds five laws in the evolution of Manufacturing Paradigm, which are:value jump, incommensurability, reverse elimination, original innovation, localization and evolution. Although the transformation process of manufacturing paradigm has a long period of time, the evolution law between the old and new manufacturing paradigms still fully reflects the connotation of "manufacturing revolution". Based on the study of the Evolution Law of Manufacturing Paradigm, this study puts forward some pertinent policy suggestions for the development of new …

Case Study Of Lithium-Ion Battery Research Of Institute Of Physics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences: On Model Of Whole-Chain Innovation Of National Research Organization Of China, Wen Ya, Huang Xuejie, Zhu Chunli

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The whole-chain Innovation experience from basic research to industrialization is a long period process, involving many core key technologies, which is an important way for the innovation-driven economy development of China. However, to cover the whole-chain period, and the spin-off process from research to industrialization, involving technology, market, evaluation, talents and many other factors, is complex and filled with challenges. Research and industrialization of lithium-ion battery technology is one of the typical examples. In the past four decades, the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out many high quality basic research and exploration of industrialization in the …

Big Data And Application Of Strategic Biological Resources In China, Liang Zhuo, Chu Xin, Zeng Yan, Zhou Ju, Ma Juncai

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

It is well understood among industries that biological resources are the strategic resources of the nation. The increase in the magnitude of the data generated by the arrival of the omniscience era will promote the transformation of life science research into a new paradigm of "data-intensive science". Therefore, the big data of biological resources has become a national strategic resource as well as the focus of international technology competition and strategic commanding heights. At present, to establish a national infrastructure for biological resources is urgently needed. This infrastructure incorporates a technical system that supports the conservation, utilization, development, mining and …

Copper-Nickel-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode For Co2 Electrochemical Reduction Application: A Preliminary Study, Prastika Krisma Jiwanti, Rani Puspitasari Aritonang, Imam Abdullah, Yasuaki Einaga, Tribidasari Anggraningrum Ivandini

Makara Journal of Science

CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) activity is known to be influenced by electrode materials. In this study, we report the fabrication of a copper-nickel-modified boron-doped diamond (CuNi-BDD) electrode using wet chemical seeding and electrodeposition. Annealing was performed to improve the stability of the modified electrode during elec-trolysis. Characterization of the modified BDD electrodes shows successful deposition without damage to the surface of the BDD support material. CO2ER was conducted with the CuNi-BDD electrode, which produces various important products including methanol, formic acid, CO, and CH4. Additionally, a different applied potential affected the product distribution. CO2ER was also conducted on the surfaces …

Degradation Of Cypermethrin By Indigenous Bacteria From Contaminated Soil, Indratin Indratin, Asep Kurnia, Sri Wahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

Soil contamination by pesticides should be controlled by using soil microbes with the ability to degrade pesticide resi-dues. Microorganisms that have adapted to a particular pesticide could accelerate the degradation process. The present study aimed to select bacteria in soil that could potentially degrade cypermethrin residues. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory and employed soil samples collected from the districts of Demak, Magelang, and Brebes. Each soil sample was initially tested for the presence of bacteria and pesticide residues. Indigenous microbes capable of living in contaminated environments were adapted to cypermethryn and cultured in the laboratory. Experiment was carried …

Impact Of El Niño And El Niño Modoki Events On Indonesian Rainfall, Iskhaq Iskandar, Deni Okta Lestrai, Muhammad Nur

Makara Journal of Science

On an interannual time-scale, the Indonesian climate is strongly influenced by the dynamics of Indo-Pacific climate modes. This study aims to investigate the possible impact of different types of El Niño events, namely, typical El Niño and El Niño Modoki, on Indonesian rainfall variability. Seasonal composite analysis was used to evaluate the magnitude and significance level of the influence of El Niño on the rainfall variability over the Indonesian region. Typical El Niño (hereafter El Niño) has a stronger influence on Indonesian rainfall than the El Niño Modoki during boreal autumn in September, October, and November when the events almost …

Optical Properties Of Toluene-Soluble Carbon Dots Prepared From Laser-Ablated Coconut Fiber, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Maria Margaretha Suliyanti, Muhandis Shiddiq, Nonny Soraya Sambudi

Makara Journal of Science

In this study, we used laser ablation to fabricate toluene-soluble carbon nanoparticles from coconut fiber. In response to excitations at various wavelengths, the fabricated carbon nanoparticles exhibit three distinctive emission peaks at wavelengths of 300 nm, 440 nm, and 540 nm. These three emission peaks correspond to the  orbital state,  orbital state, and surface state, respectively. Photoluminescence excitation measurements indicate a high probability of energy transfer between the surface state and  orbital state, whereas the  orbital state is likely independent of the other states. The results of time-resolved photoluminescence measurements indicate that electrons are likely to …

Grass-Like Structured Mesoporous Carbon As An Acid Red 119 Dye Adsorbent, Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi, Tania Priantini, Muhammad Faisal, Rika Tri Yunarti, Indah Revita Saragi, Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi

Makara Journal of Science

Grass-like structured mesoporous carbon was prepared by the soft-template method using triblock copolymer Pluronic F127, affording an organic–organic composite structure between phloroglucinol and formaldehyde. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the as-synthesized mesoporous carbon is stable to 900 °C, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon material structures at 2θ values of 22.020° and 42.420°. A hysteresis loop at relative partial pressures (P/Po) between 0.45 and 0.85 was observed in the N2 adsorption isotherm, indicating that the solid material exhibits mesoporous characteristics, with a homogeneous pore size distribution of 8.863 nm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images revealed that the …

Thonningia Sanguinea Vahl. (Balanophoraceae) In Southern Nigeria: Ii. Patterns Of Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Within And Between Populations, Odoligie Imarhiagbe, Emmanuel Izaka Aigbokhan

Makara Journal of Science

Studies have yet to assess the genetic variability in Thonningia sanguinea populations in Southern Nigeria. Hence, this study was conducted to elucidate the pattern of genetic variability and population structure among T. sanguinea populations in Southern Nigeria. Genomic DNA was extracted from 31 individuals in 15 populations and tested using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Several genetic diversity parameters were examined using GenALEx Ver. 6.5. Reproducible RAPD markers indicated that all the sampled populations were composed of individuals with a high genetic variability. The populations were grouped into four distinct clusters. The populations from the Okour community forest had …

Catalytic Cracking Of Methyl Ester From Used Cooking Oil With Ni-Ion-Exchanged Zsm-5 Catalyst, Oki Alfernando, Rozie Sarip, Titin Anggraini, Nazarudin Nazarudin

Makara Journal of Science

Fossil crude reserves continue to decline, eventually leading to a reduced availability of fuel oil in Indonesia. Thus, the use of alternative plant-derived renewable energy sources, such as biodiesel should be considered. However, biodiesel as a fuel alternative has many drawbacks. In this study, biodiesel was cracked using a Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst to improve its quality. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained from ion-exchange and catalytically crack methyl esters from used cooking oil. Three Ni-metal concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used for the ion-exchange of ZSM-5. Ni catalysts were then utilized for catalytic cracking at …

Italy And The Aquarius: A Migrant Crisis, Alexandra Larkin

Pace International Law Review

Italian journalist Indro Montanelli once wrote, “[w]e Italians are tolerant and civil with all those who are different. Black, red, yellow. Especially when they are far away, at a telescopic distance from us.” In recent years, Italy had a resurgence of nationalist and far-right political leaders, who have taken an anti-immigration stance. Public interest in migration of refugees and asylum seekers is due both to media coverage of their stories and to litigation before international courts. One high-profile story that made headlines in the summer of 2018 was Italy’s treatment of the Aquarius, a rescue vessel operated by the …

Towards A New Generation In Central American Trade: Proposals For Modernizing Cafta-Dr, Julia E. Johnson

Pace International Law Review

To the surprise of many, the Trump Administration has signaled its intent to renegotiate the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). Why is the possible renegotiation of CAFTA-DR a surprise? CAFTA-DR has been largely favorable to the United States (U.S.)—the U.S. has enjoyed significant trade surpluses with CAFTA-DR countries since its ratification. CAFTA-DR has also promoted regional integration and co-production in Central America.Trade flows in and out of Central America have increased significantly. On balance, CAFTA-DR has benefitted all signatory nations from a trade standpoint, though it has left unaddressed a myriad of social, humanitarian, and governance issues. Consequently, …

The International Law Of Corporate Governance, Ram Sachs

Pace International Law Review

International economic agreements increasingly touch on fundamental principles of corporate governance. The trend contrasts with existing scholarship, which assumes corporate law evolves via domestic mechanisms. This Article introduces the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, with its dedicated chapter on corporate governance, as a case study. At the normative level, the emergence of corporate governance in international agreements represents a positive development by enabling countries to signal and put into action commitments for better governance. Given these recent developments, the field of comparative corporate governance should incorporate international agreements as an emerging source of law.

Bringing The Bosses To International Criminal Trials: The Problems With Joint Criminal Enterprise And The “Control Over The Crime” Approach As A Better Alternative, Juan-Pablo Pérez-León-Acevedo

Pace International Law Review

Similar to most international and hybrid criminal tribunals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia used the doctrine or theory of Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) as a mode of liability when prosecuting and convicting those most responsible, namely, state and non-state political and military leaders, in cases of international crimes. Against such background, the main research questions of this article are whether JCE should be applied in cases of those most responsible for international crimes and whether JCE should be replaced by the “control over the crime” approach. Overall, this article argues and finds two main points. First, JCE …

Narrating Supervision To Track Counselor Development: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Fred Washburn , Ph.D., Meaghan C. Nolte , Ph.D., Ncc, Angela M. Yoder , Ph.D., Hspp, Rpt

Counseling and Family Therapy Scholarship Review

The authors analyzed the narrative writings of four counselors-in-training in practicum using directed content analysis. Developmental themes corresponded to current theories of counselor development. Narratives and supervisor responses are sequentially provided to aid new counselors and supervisors in understanding the complexities of counselor developmental and counselor supervision.

Full Issue: Volume 12, Number 1 - Spring 2017

Jefferson Surgical Solutions

In This Issue

Clinical Integration

Department of Surgery and Philadelphia University Lay Groundwork for Collaboration Prior to Merger - Page 2

Changing Lives Through Research

Clinical Studies Target Fewer Complications, Better Outcomes for Vascular Surgery - Page 3

On the Job

Andrea DelMastro - Page 3

Those Who Give

Patient-Benefactors Support New Kidney Transplant Center - Page 4

A Soultion With Stealth Fastener For Cosmetic Enhancement, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

Prior solutions most of parts fastened by screw

Improved Message Facilitator For On-Time And Quick Response, Amy Zhang, Cliff Sze

Defensive Publications Series

Increasing reliance on written electronic communication has created a need for automated ways for users to efficiently manage and respond to the various emails, texts, and other electronic messages that they receive. Some solutions have already been introduced to help remind users respond to messages after some number of days have passed, and to help users compose messages. However, through the use of natural language processing, these features can be improved so that users are kept aware of pending response deadlines, and presented with proposed responses that take account of the context of a given message, as well as any …