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Articles 22861 - 22890 of 29575
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
It Takes A Village To Protect Its Pets: How To Empower Local Community Organizations In The Fight For Companion Animal Rights, Danielle Maddox Kinchen
It Takes A Village To Protect Its Pets: How To Empower Local Community Organizations In The Fight For Companion Animal Rights, Danielle Maddox Kinchen
Animal Law Review
This Note aims to provide a guide for state law reforms to ease the responsibility on southern states’ shelter, rescue, and foster systems. It employs a three-pronged strategy to address two main challenges for homeless companion animals—overpopulation and unprosecuted animal cruelty. The United States euthanizes an estimated 1.5 million companion animals annually in its companion animal shelters, largely due to overpopulation, and the South plays an exponentially larger role in this statistic than the North, with some southern cities annually euthanizing hundreds of thousands of companion animals each. Approximately 6.5 million companion animals enter shelters each year, and in addition …
The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise
The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise
Animal Law Review
Twenty-five years ago, in the first issue of Animal Law, the author offered an account of why legal rights do not need to be restricted to human beings. Here the author expands upon that account to provide a review of the ongoing struggle of the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) to obtain legal rights for nonhuman animals. The author outlines habeas corpus cases the NhRP has brought on behalf of chimpanzees and elephants in New York and Connecticut and provides a view of the New York and Connecticut Pet Trust Statutes, which grant domestic or pet animals the right to be …
2018 Federal Legislative Review, Anna Fugate
2018 Federal Legislative Review, Anna Fugate
Animal Law Review
2018 was a slow year for federal animal law legislation. Congress only signed the Endangered Salmon Predation Prevention Act into law, and that law permits the killing of sea lions to protect endangered salmon and steelhead populations. While Congress considered other animal legislation, none of this proposed legislation made it out of Congressional Committees and Subcommittees.
Examining The Instructional Priorities Of A Secondary Education Teacher Preparation Program Utilizing An Integrated Approach To Assessment Education, Daniel M. Frederking
Examining The Instructional Priorities Of A Secondary Education Teacher Preparation Program Utilizing An Integrated Approach To Assessment Education, Daniel M. Frederking
Mid-Western Educational Researcher
This study examined the instructional priorities of a four-year undergraduate secondary education program that does not offer an assessment-specific course, but instead integrates assessment instruction throughout the broader curriculum. An alignment method was utilized to better understand the program’s instructional priorities for teaching about assessment in comparison to the locally-used professional teaching standards and the locally-used teacher accreditation performance assessment. Areas of both alignment and misalignment were found in three dimensions: categorical concurrence (CC), depth of knowledge (DOK), and range of knowledge (ROK). Findings include course syllabi objectives that were written at a broader ROK level than the other two …
Bait Guidelines For Commercial Fisheries In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia
Bait Guidelines For Commercial Fisheries In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia
Fisheries Occasional Publications
No abstract provided.
The Compensation For Victims Of Disasters In Belgium, France, Germany, And The Netherlands, Véronique Bruggeman, Michael Faure
The Compensation For Victims Of Disasters In Belgium, France, Germany, And The Netherlands, Véronique Bruggeman, Michael Faure
Loyola Consumer Law Review
No abstract provided.
Grand Valley Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 3, Winter 2019, Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 3, Winter 2019, Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley Magazine
Grand Valley Magazine is a quarterly publication about Grand Valley State University produced by University Communications since 2001.
Arizona Gamete Donor Law: A Call For Recognizing Women’S Asymmetrical Property Interest In Pre-Embryo Disposition Disputes, Melissa B. Herrera
Arizona Gamete Donor Law: A Call For Recognizing Women’S Asymmetrical Property Interest In Pre-Embryo Disposition Disputes, Melissa B. Herrera
UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. Through the IVF process, couples and individuals alike can have preembryos created and cryo-preserved for later use. To those who go through the IVF process or are considering doing so, the pre-embryos represent many things, such as hope, flexibility in family planning, and the possibility of a child. It is estimated that over 5 million babies have been born through IVF worldwide, with as many as 620,000 cryo-preserved embryos in the United States alone. Typically, …
A No-Win Situation: Pregnant Mothers In Medication Assisted Therapy Programs Face Discrimination For Following Doctors Orders, Axl Campos Kaminski
A No-Win Situation: Pregnant Mothers In Medication Assisted Therapy Programs Face Discrimination For Following Doctors Orders, Axl Campos Kaminski
UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice
According to new research, one in five pregnant women in the United States take some form of opioid during pregnancy, and one in twenty are addicted to opioid medications. In response, the government has increased their attempts to regulate pregnant women’s conduct in order to protect the health of unborn children. Opioid dependent mothers often find themselves subject to being reported to Child Protective Services by doctors and hospital staff for ingesting drugs while pregnant. Individuals’ in substance abuse treatment, including pregnant mothers receiving opioid replacement therapy, are protected from discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act. However, mothers who …
Corrective Rape: An Extreme Manifestation Of Discrimination And The State’S Complicity In Sexual Violence, Sarah Doan-Minh
Corrective Rape: An Extreme Manifestation Of Discrimination And The State’S Complicity In Sexual Violence, Sarah Doan-Minh
UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice
Corrective rape originally referred to rape perpetrated by straight men against lesbians in order to “correct” or “cure” their homosexuality—a punishment for being gay and for violating traditional gender presentation. The term is now used more broadly to refer to the rape of any member of a group that does not conform to gender norms or heterosexuality when the motive of the perpetrator is to “correct” the individual. In the United States, the actual causes of corrective rape are usually ignored or de-emphasized, thereby perpetuating the rates of sexual violence. Sexual violence is often framed in terms of personal dynamics …
Searching The Legacy Of The Reformation For Lutheran Responses To Modern Family Law, Marie Failinger
Searching The Legacy Of The Reformation For Lutheran Responses To Modern Family Law, Marie Failinger
Faculty Scholarship
This article builds upon historical work on changes in the law of marriage, divorce and the family after the Reformation, and describes how modern Lutheran theology, formed during the Reformation, evaluates modern trends in American family law. From the key Lutheran theological insight that God is creatively ordering human activity as a partner with human beings, the Lutheran tradition approaches issues such as no-fault divorce and same-sex marriage with both trust and challenge.
Restructuring Rebuttal Of The Marital Presumption For The Modern Era, Jessica Feinberg
Restructuring Rebuttal Of The Marital Presumption For The Modern Era, Jessica Feinberg
Articles
The marital presumption of paternity, which arose from English common law, has served as a core component of the law governing parentage in the United States since the nation’s inception. Pursuant to the marital presumption, a husband is presumed to be the legal father of any child born to or conceived by his wife during the marriage. Historically, the marital presumption was extremely difficult to rebut, generally requiring proof of the husband’s non-access to his wife during the time of conception, the husband’s sterility or impotence, or adultery on the part of the wife. As these early grounds for rebuttal …
Trading Spaces: An Analysis Of Gendered Spaces Before, During, And After The French Revolution Of 1789 And The Mexican Revolution Of 1910, Kevin Kilroy
Scripps Senior Theses
This thesis investigates the affects of the French Revolution of 1789 and the Mexican Revolution of 1910 on gender roles in their respective societies. Women that contributed to political discourse challenged separations of public and private spheres, which dictated order in the late and postrevolutionary periods of France and Mexico. Given the deliberate acts by both postrevolutionary governments to send women to the periphery of their respective societies, it is vital to revisit the examples of female influence that shaped the early French and Mexican Revolutions. The understanding that comes from a detailed analysis of the parameters of gendered spaces …
Prevalence Of Chronic Disease, Associated Factors, And Health Related Quality Of Life Among Wesleyan Clergy, Angi May Mook
Prevalence Of Chronic Disease, Associated Factors, And Health Related Quality Of Life Among Wesleyan Clergy, Angi May Mook
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Clergy believe they have been called to be healthy and role models of good health. However, epidemiological evidence supports that clergy are currently exhibiting higher rates of chronic diseases and associated factors such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension compared to the general population. Prior studies of clergys health are limited because the few available studies are denomination specific, limiting generalizability to the other denominations who have differing theology and beliefs. The Wesleyan denomination has not been formally studied. The gap in literature, therefore, creates a need for baseline information specific to the Wesleyan clergy. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence …
"Sweet Beginning But Unsavoury End": The Change In Popularity Of Shakespeare's Poetry, Maureen R. Cowhey
"Sweet Beginning But Unsavoury End": The Change In Popularity Of Shakespeare's Poetry, Maureen R. Cowhey
Scripps Senior Theses
William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous and influential author in modern history. His plays make up a literary canon that has been translated into every language, is constantly being reproduced on the stage and on film and has persisted in popularity for centuries. Yet, Shakespeare’s first and most popular text is not a play, but the narrative poem, Venus and Adonis. The text that launched Shakespeare into popularity and gave rise to this cultural icon was a poem, rather than a play. But despite its initial success, Venus and Adonis is not a central feature of the modern …
The Effects Of Race, Ethnicity, And Language On Competency To Stand Trial Evaluations, Gonzalez Melvin Pagan
The Effects Of Race, Ethnicity, And Language On Competency To Stand Trial Evaluations, Gonzalez Melvin Pagan
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Forensic evaluators receive training on multicultural assessment and most forensic assessment textbooks include guidelines addressing multicultural issues, but there is little research examining how race/ethnicity and linguistic differences may impact competency to stand trial evaluations. There is a need for research to better understand the needs of Hispanic individuals who are among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Prior studies suggest that clinicians may diagnose African American defendants and Hispanic individuals with a more severe diagnosis when compared to Caucasian individuals. When defendants communicate in their secondary language or require the use of an interpreter it may impact …
A 1-Dimensional Sympagic-Pelagic-Benthic Transport Model (Spbm): Coupled Simulation Of Ice, Water Column, And Sediment Biogeochemistry, Suitable For Arctic Applications, Shamil Yakubov, Philip Wallhead, Elizaveta Protsenko, Evgeniy Yakushev, Svetlana Pakhomova, Holger Brix
A 1-Dimensional Sympagic-Pelagic-Benthic Transport Model (Spbm): Coupled Simulation Of Ice, Water Column, And Sediment Biogeochemistry, Suitable For Arctic Applications, Shamil Yakubov, Philip Wallhead, Elizaveta Protsenko, Evgeniy Yakushev, Svetlana Pakhomova, Holger Brix
Faculty Publications
© 2019 by the authors. Marine biogeochemical processes can strongly interact with processes occurring in adjacent ice and sediments. This is especially likely in areas with shallow water and frequent ice cover, both of which are common in the Arctic. Modeling tools are therefore required to simulate coupled biogeochemical systems in ice, water, and sediment domains. We developed a 1D sympagic-pelagic-benthic transport model (SPBM) which uses input from physical model simulations to describe hydrodynamics and ice growth and modules from the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM) to construct a user-defined biogeochemical model. SPBM coupled with a biogeochemical model simulates …
Overexpressing The H-Protein Of The Glycine Cleavage System Increases Biomass Yield In Glasshouse And Field-Grown Transgenic Tobacco Plants, Patricia E. López-Calcagno, Stuart Fisk, Kenny L. Brown, Simon E. Bull, Paul F. South, Christine A. Raines
Overexpressing The H-Protein Of The Glycine Cleavage System Increases Biomass Yield In Glasshouse And Field-Grown Transgenic Tobacco Plants, Patricia E. López-Calcagno, Stuart Fisk, Kenny L. Brown, Simon E. Bull, Paul F. South, Christine A. Raines
Faculty Publications
© 2018 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Photorespiration is essential for C3 plants, enabling oxygenic photosynthesis through the scavenging of 2-phosphoglycolate. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of the L- and H-proteins of the photorespiratory glycine cleavage system results in an increase in photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present evidence that under controlled environment conditions an increase in biomass is evident in tobacco plants overexpressing the H-protein. Importantly, the work in this paper provides a clear demonstration of the …
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Predictive Performance Of 33 Species Distribution Models At Species And Community Levels, Anna Norberg, Nerea Abrego, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Frederick R. Adler, Barbara J. Anderson, Jani Anttila, Miguel B. Araújo, Tad Dallas, David Dunson, Jane Elith, Scott D. Foster, Richard Fox, Janet Franklin, William Godsoe, Antoine Guisan, Bob O'Hara, Nicole A. Hill, Robert D. Holt, Francis K.C. Hui, Magne Husby, John Atle Kålås, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Miska Luoto, Heidi K. Mod, Graeme Newell, Ian Renner, Tomas Roslin, Janne Soininen, Wilfried Thuiller, Jarno Vanhatalo, David Warton, Matt White, Niklaus E. Zimmermann
A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Predictive Performance Of 33 Species Distribution Models At Species And Community Levels, Anna Norberg, Nerea Abrego, F. Guillaume Blanchet, Frederick R. Adler, Barbara J. Anderson, Jani Anttila, Miguel B. Araújo, Tad Dallas, David Dunson, Jane Elith, Scott D. Foster, Richard Fox, Janet Franklin, William Godsoe, Antoine Guisan, Bob O'Hara, Nicole A. Hill, Robert D. Holt, Francis K.C. Hui, Magne Husby, John Atle Kålås, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Miska Luoto, Heidi K. Mod, Graeme Newell, Ian Renner, Tomas Roslin, Janne Soininen, Wilfried Thuiller, Jarno Vanhatalo, David Warton, Matt White, Niklaus E. Zimmermann
Faculty Publications
© 2019 The Authors. Ecological Monographs published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Ecological Society of America A large array of species distribution model (SDM) approaches has been developed for explaining and predicting the occurrences of individual species or species assemblages. Given the wealth of existing models, it is unclear which models perform best for interpolation or extrapolation of existing data sets, particularly when one is concerned with species assemblages. We compared the predictive performance of 33 variants of 15 widely applied and recently emerged SDMs in the context of multispecies data, including both joint SDMs that model multiple …
Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression In Human White Adipose Tissue, Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway, Frank H. Lau, Yuan Lin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, William D. Johnson, Ann A. Coulter
Naringenin Promotes Thermogenic Gene Expression In Human White Adipose Tissue, Candida J. Rebello, Frank L. Greenway, Frank H. Lau, Yuan Lin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, William D. Johnson, Ann A. Coulter
Faculty Publications
© 2018 The Obesity Society Objective: Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, prevents diet-induced weight gain and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents. There is evidence that naringenin activates brown fat and increases energy expenditure in mice, but little is known about its effects in humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of naringenin on energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Methods: Human white adipocyte cultures (hADSC) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (pWAT) were treated with naringenin for 7 to 14 days. Expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting) of candidate genes involved in thermogenesis and glucose metabolism …
Role Of Managed Marine Areas On The Diversity And Individual Responses Of Rocky Intertidal Shore Grazers In Central Chile, Kathy Liu
Scripps Senior Theses
Many different types of marine benthic herbivores or “grazers” inhabit coastal intertidal zones and play a crucial role in inter- and shallow subtidal ecosystems. Chile has one of the most diverse intertidal zones, but many intertidal grazers are exploited for human consumption. Marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine management and exploitation areas (MEAs) are promising tools for Chile to combat over exploitation of these grazer and other marine resources. This study surveyed the impact of sites with contrasting management on the diversity and abundance of all intertidal grazers and their impact on the size frequency and shell length-body weight allometry …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Thiol-Triacrylate Polymer Via Michael Addition Reaction For Biomedical Applications, Anoosha Forghani, Leah Garber, Cong Chen, Fariborz Tavangarian, Timothy B. Tighe, Ram Devireddy, John A. Pojman, Daniel Hayes
Fabrication And Characterization Of Thiol-Triacrylate Polymer Via Michael Addition Reaction For Biomedical Applications, Anoosha Forghani, Leah Garber, Cong Chen, Fariborz Tavangarian, Timothy B. Tighe, Ram Devireddy, John A. Pojman, Daniel Hayes
Faculty Publications
© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. Thiol-acrylate polymers have therapeutic potential as biocompatible scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Synthesis of a novel cyto-compatible and biodegradable polymer composed of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate-trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPeTA-TMPTMP) using a simple amine-catalyzed Michael addition reaction is reported in this study. This study explores the impact of molecular weight and crosslink density on the cyto-compatibility of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eight groups were prepared with two different average molecular weights of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPeTA 692 and 912) and four different concentrations of diethylamine (DEA) as catalyst. The materials were physically characterized by mechanical …
“The Strings In The Books Ain’T Pulled And Persuaded”: How The Use Of Improper Statistics And Unverified Data Corrupts The Judicial Process In Sex Offender Cases, Heather Ellis Cucolo, Michael L. Perlin Esq.
“The Strings In The Books Ain’T Pulled And Persuaded”: How The Use Of Improper Statistics And Unverified Data Corrupts The Judicial Process In Sex Offender Cases, Heather Ellis Cucolo, Michael L. Perlin Esq.
Case Western Reserve Law Review
No abstract provided.
A New Auer: Overview And Analysis Of The Supreme Court’S Decision In Kisor V. Wilkie, Lacey Ferrara
A New Auer: Overview And Analysis Of The Supreme Court’S Decision In Kisor V. Wilkie, Lacey Ferrara
Case Western Reserve Law Review
No abstract provided.
Seed Treatment Using Methyl Jasmonate Induces Resistance To Rice Water Weevil But Reduces Plant Growth In Rice, Emily C. Kraus, Michael J. Stout
Seed Treatment Using Methyl Jasmonate Induces Resistance To Rice Water Weevil But Reduces Plant Growth In Rice, Emily C. Kraus, Michael J. Stout
Faculty Publications
© 2019 Kraus, Stout. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The jasmonic acid cascade plays a pivotal role in induced plant resistance to herbivores. There have been a number of investigations into the potential uses of derivatives of this hormone for pest management. Understanding the phenotypic plasticity of plant defense traits interactions in agricultural systems may facilitate the development of novel and improved management practices, which is desirable as management of insects …
Dominin And Segon Form Multiprotein Particles In The Plasma Of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) And Are Likely Involved In Shell Formation, Qinggang Xue, Jean Philipe Beguel, Jerome La Peyre
Dominin And Segon Form Multiprotein Particles In The Plasma Of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) And Are Likely Involved In Shell Formation, Qinggang Xue, Jean Philipe Beguel, Jerome La Peyre
Faculty Publications
Copyright © 2019 Xue, Beguel and La Peyre. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Dominin and segon are two proteins purified and characterized from the plasma of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, making up about 70% of the total plasma …
Growth And Development Symposium: Stem And Progenitor Cells In Animal Growth: The Regulation Of Beef Quality By Resident Progenitor Cells, Xing Fu, Chaoyang Li, Qianglin Liu, Kenneth W. Mcmillin
Growth And Development Symposium: Stem And Progenitor Cells In Animal Growth: The Regulation Of Beef Quality By Resident Progenitor Cells, Xing Fu, Chaoyang Li, Qianglin Liu, Kenneth W. Mcmillin
Faculty Publications
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. The intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in the skeletal muscle of beef cattle is a highly desired trait essential for high-quality beef. In contrast, the excessive accumulation of crosslinked collagen in intramuscular connective tissue contributes to beef toughness. Recent studies revealed that adipose tissue and connective tissue share an embryonic origin in mice and may be derived from a common immediate bipotent precursor in mice and humans. Having the same linkages in the development of adipose tissue and connective tissue …
Erk1/2 Signaling Induces Skeletal Muscle Slow Fiber-Type Switching And Reduces Muscular Dystrophy Disease Severity, Justin G. Boyer, Vikram Prasad, Taejeong Song, Donghoon Lee, Xing Fu, Kelly M. Grimes, Michelle A. Sargent, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Erk1/2 Signaling Induces Skeletal Muscle Slow Fiber-Type Switching And Reduces Muscular Dystrophy Disease Severity, Justin G. Boyer, Vikram Prasad, Taejeong Song, Donghoon Lee, Xing Fu, Kelly M. Grimes, Michelle A. Sargent, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Faculty Publications
© 2019 American Society for Clinical Investigation. MAPK signaling consists of an array of successively acting kinases. ERK1 and -2 (ERK1/2) are major components of the greater MAPK cascade that transduce growth factor signaling at the cell membrane. Here, we investigated ERK1/2 signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis and disease. Using mouse genetics, we observed that the muscle-specifc expression of a constitutively active MEK1 mutant promotes greater ERK1/2 signaling that mediates fber-type switching to a slow, oxidative phenotype with type I myosin heavy chain expression. Using a conditional and temporally regulated Cre strategy, as well as Mapk1 (ERK2) and Mapk3 (ERK1) …
Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Nanosensor For Selective Imaging Of Cancer Cells, Isiah M. Warner, Kelsey E. Mcneel, Noureen Siraj, Nimisha Bhattarai
Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Nanosensor For Selective Imaging Of Cancer Cells, Isiah M. Warner, Kelsey E. Mcneel, Noureen Siraj, Nimisha Bhattarai
Faculty Publications
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a nanosensor developed from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). This sensor is composed of three ionic species, namely, fluorescein, rhodamine B, and tetradecyltrihexyl phosphonium (P-66614) ions. Nanoparticles prepared from this three-component GUMBOS, termed nanoGUMBOS, exhibited increased fluorescence at two wavelengths with increases in pH values. The ratio of fluorescence emission corresponding to FL and RhB components of these nanoGUMBOS also changed with pH, allowing ratiometric analysis of pH through fluorescence measurements. Peak ratios were significantly different at pH 5 and pH 7, indicating potential applications of this …
Synthesis And Investigation Of Phthalocyanine-Biotin Conjugates, M. Graca H. Vicente, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Zehua Zhou, Benson Ongarora
Synthesis And Investigation Of Phthalocyanine-Biotin Conjugates, M. Graca H. Vicente, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Zehua Zhou, Benson Ongarora
Faculty Publications
An isothiocyanato-functionalized phthalocyanine (Pc) was synthesized in good yield from the corresponding amine-substituted Pc. This Pc reacted with ethanolamine, biotin hydrazine, and biotin diethylamine under mild conditions (room temperature in DMF or DMSO in the presence of TEA) to produce the corresponding thiourea products in 60-75% yields. All Pcs showed intense Q absorptions in DMF around 677 nm, emissions centered at 683 nm, and fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.18-0.27. The Pcs were phototoxic to human carcinoma HEp2 cells (IC50 similar to 7 at 1.5 J/cm(2)) and localized in multiple organelles, including the lysosomes, Golgi and ER. One biotin-Pc …