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The Efficacy Of Whole Human Genome Capture On Ancient Dental Calculus And Dentin, Kirsten A. Ziesemer, Jazmin Ramos-Madrigal, Allison E. Mann, Bernd W. Brandt, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Andrew T. Ozga, Menno Hoogland, Courtney A. Hofman, Domingo C. Salazar-Garcia, Bruno Frohlich, George R. Miller, Anne C. Stone, Mark Aldenderfer, Cecil M. Lewis Jr., Corinne L. Hofman, Christina Warinner, Hannes Schroeder

Biology Faculty Articles

Objectives

Dental calculus is among the richest known sources of ancient DNA in the archaeological record. Although most DNA within calculus is microbial, it has been shown to contain sufficient human DNA for the targeted retrieval of whole mitochondrial genomes. Here, we explore whether calculus is also a viable substrate for whole human genome recovery using targeted enrichment techniques.

Materials and methods

Total DNA extracted from 24 paired archaeological human dentin and calculus samples was subjected to whole human genome enrichment using in‐solution hybridization capture and high‐throughput sequencing.

Results

Total DNA from calculus exceeded that of dentin in all cases, …

Orphan Genes Shared By Pathogenic Genomes Are More Associated With Bacterial Pathogenicity, Sarah Entwistle, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Orphan genes (also known as ORFans [i.e., orphan open reading frames]) are new genes that enable an organism to adapt to its specific living environment. Our focus in this study is to compare ORFans between pathogens (P) and nonpathogens (NP) of the same genus. Using the pangenome idea, we have identified 130,169 ORFans in nine bacterial genera (505 genomes) and classified these ORFans into four groups: (i) SS-ORFans (P), which are only found in a single pathogenic genome; (ii) SS-ORFans (NP), which are only found in a single nonpathogenic genome; (iii) PS-ORFans (P), which are found in multiple pathogenic genomes; …

Walk To Hawaii: An Undergraduate Honors Capstone Project, Donna M. Zucker, Amanda Poussard, Katherine R. Sullivan

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

This project seeks to determine the needs of faculty and staff at the College of Nursing, and create a walking program. Physical benefits and psychological motivators to starting and maintaining a walking program are explored. Participants viewing this poster will learn how to create a worthwhile and effective walking program.

Educating Or Staff And Personnel To The Dangers Of The Inhalation Of Surgical Smoke, Jennifer Johnson

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

Although there are over 150 toxic chemicals in surgical smoke, which is the plume consisting of the by product of cautery or laser. Many personnel in the OR are not aware of the dangers. Education is necessary for those who work in an environment where surgical smoke is present.

Addressing Challenges For Mapping Irrigated Fields In Subhumid Temperate Regions By Integrating Remote Sensing And Hydroclimatic Data, Tianfang Xu, Jillian M. Deines, Anthony D. Kendall, Bruno Basso, David W. Hyndman

Publications

High-resolution mapping of irrigated fields is needed to better estimate water and nutrient fluxes in the landscape, food production, and local to regional climate. However, this remains a challenge in humid to subhumid regions, where irrigation has been expanding into what was largely rainfed agriculture due to trends in climate, crop prices, technologies and practices. One such region is southwestern Michigan, USA, where groundwater is the main source of irrigation water for row crops (primarily corn and soybeans). Remote sensing of irrigated areas can be difficult in these regions as rainfed areas have similar characteristics. We present methods to address …

Avian Diversity Of Langh Lake Sindh And Their Response To The Disturbance., Ali Hasnain Mosvi, Yasir Muneer, Javeed Ali Maher, Jibran Haider, Amir Naseer, Abdullah Ibrahim

Journal of Bioresource Management

Birds and human interaction add harmful effects on conservation and behavior of bird. To develop a buffer between human activities and number of birds, a comprehensive study is necessary to assess the response of birds and their flight initiation distance. An experimental design was employed to record the bird’s response and their flight initiation distance, for 109 birds of Langh lake, Sindh. Fifty percent of passerine birds showed medium response towards disturbance and 39% of water birds showed high response toward disturbance. 13 species of family Scolopacidae were recorded during study and 84.62% species of this family showed high response …

The Case For The Green Kant: A Defense And Application Of A Kantian Approach To Environmental Ethics, Zachary T. Vereb

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Environmental philosophers have argued that Kant’s philosophy offers little for environmental issues. Furthermore, Kant scholars typically focus on humanity, ignoring the question of duties to the environment. In my dissertation, I turn to a number of underexploited texts in Kant’s work to show how both sides are misguided in neglecting the ecological potential of Kant, making the case for the green Kant at the intersection of Kant scholarship and environmental ethics. I build upon previous literature to argue that the green Kant matters for both sides. Rather than a liability, Kant is indeed a conceptual resource. Though many conceive of …

Diversity Of Moths In Some Selected Areas Of District Bagh, Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Pakistan), Abu Ul Hassan Faiz, Mehboob Ul Hassan, Mikhail F. Bagaturov, Ghazal Tariq, Lariab Zahra Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

The present study was designed to find the diversity and composition of moths existing at different tropical levels in food chain for sustainable ecological process of ecosystem in Bagh (Azad Jammu & Kashmir). The study was conducted from 10 December 2017 to 30 September 2018. A total of fifty-eight species belonging to thirteen families were collected from three sites (cultivated areas, wild areas and suburban) of study area by using light trap method. This study provides baseline data for checklist of moths in Bagh.

Ethnobotanical Importance And Relative Abundance Of The Mulberry Family From Temperate Highlands, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Sher Wali Khan, Safdar Ali Shah, Jibran Haider

Journal of Bioresource Management

Five protected areas from temperate highlands of Pakistan were gauged for biodiversity of the Moraceae family. The National Park in Pir Lasura was studied from June to July 2009, in Banjosa from May to June 2009, in Pir Chanasi from April to May 2010, in Dhirkot (February 2008) and in Tolipir from April to May 2008. From the five protected areas surveyed, only three had species belonging to the family Moraceae. Three species were observed from Banjosa Game Reserve, two from Tolipir Nature Reserve and six from Pir Lasura National Park. The species commonly found were Ficus carica, Ficus …

Yap1-Lats2 Feedback Loop Dictates Senescent Or Malignant Cell Fate To Maintain Tissue Homeostasis, Chunbo He, Xiangmin Lv, Cong Huang, Guohua Hua, Bowen Ma, Xingcheng Chen, Peter C. Angeletti, Jixin Dong, Jin Zhou, Zhengfeng Wang, Bo R. Rueda, John S. Davis, Cheng Wang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Dysfunction of the homeostasis-maintaining systems in specific cell types or tissues renders the organism susceptible to a range of diseases, including cancers. One of the emerging mechanisms for maintaining tissue homeostasis is cellular senescence. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway plays a critical role in controlling the fate of ovarian cells. Hyperactivation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), the major effector of the Hippo pathway, induces senescence in cultured primary human ovarian surface epithelial cells (hOSEs). Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), the primary upstream negative regulator of YAP1, is elevated in both YAP1-induced and natural replicative-triggered senescence. Deletion of LATS2 …

Emerging Insights Of Health Informatics Research: A Literature Analysis For Outlining New Themes, Shah Miah, Jun Shen, John W Lamp, Don Kerr, John Gammack

All Works

This paper presents a contemporary literature review to provide insights into the current health informatics literature. The objective of this study is to identify emerging directions of current health informatics research from the latest and existing studies in the health informatics domain. We analyse existing health informatics studies using a thematic analysis, so that justified sets of research agenda can be outlined on the basis of these findings. We selected articles that are published in the science direct online database. The selected 73 sample articles (published from 2014 to 2018 in premier health informatics journals) are considered as representative samples …

Cd(Ii)- And Pb(Ii)-Induced Self-Assembly Of Peripheral Membrane Domains From Protein Kinase C, Taylor R. Cole, Samuel G. Erickson, Krystal A. Morales, Minwoo Sung, Andreas Holzenburg, Tatyana I. Igumenova

School of Medicine Publications

Cd2+ and Pb2+ are xenobiotic heavy metal ions that use ionic mimicry to interfere with the cellular function of biomacromolecules. Using a combination of SAXS, electron microscopy, FRET, and solution NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that treatment with Cd2+ and Pb2+ causes self-assembly of protein kinase C regulatory domains that peripherally associate with membranes. The self-assembly process successfully competes with ionic mimicry and is mediated by conserved protein regions that are distinct from the canonical Ca2+-binding motifs of protein kinase C. The ability of protein oligomers to interact with anionic membranes is enhanced compared to the monomeric species. Our findings suggest …

We Don't Know What We Don't Know: Post Adoption Support Of Families Caring For Traumatized Children, Patricia Lantis

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Parents adopting traumatized children from foster care or from other settings have unique needs for post adoption support. This paper seeks to present those needs from the unique viewpoint of an adoptive physician mother. Circles of care around the child include the family, the community and wider systems of support.

The Long View: Has Anything Really Improved For Children And Families Involved With Child Welfare Over 3 Decades?, Moira Szilagyi

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

The overall poor health status and outcomes of children and youth in foster care have been documented in multiple studies over the last 3 decades. During this time, knowledge about brain development, positive parenting, resilience, traumatic stress, and epigenetics has exploded, resulting in demands for child welfare to become trauma-informed, child-centered, and developmentally focused. This special issue affords us the opportunity to reflect on: what’s better or not after 30 years; whether legislation and financing are aligned with child welfare’s goals of safety, permanency and well-being; and what remains to be done to improve the outcomes of children and youth …

Putting Families First: How The Opioid Epidemic Is Affecting Children And Families, And The Child Welfare Policy Options To Address It, American Academy Of Pediatrics Council On Foster Care, Adoption, And Kinship Care, Douglas Waite, Mary V. Greiner, Zach Laris

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Abstract: Opioids and Child Welfare

Across the country, placements in foster care are rising. In 2016, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported that 273,539 children in the U.S. entered foster care. In 34 percent of those cases, parental drug abuse was one of the factors leading to the child’s removal from their family. Additionally, the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimates that 400,000 births nationally are affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs, which represents 10 percent of all live births. As the opioid epidemic continues, increasing numbers of children are at …

Development Of A Short Trauma Screening Tool (Stst) To Measure Child Trauma Symptoms: Establishing Content Validity, Laura L. Maguire Rn Ms Phd, Estelle Hirsh Ba, Jeroan J. Allison Ms Md, Heather C. Forkey Md

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify major symptom domain variables common to child trauma and create a prototype short trauma symptom screening tool (STST) intended for use in pediatric medical settings.

Methods: This manuscript describes the first two phases of an on-going prospective mixed-method instrument development study. Phase 1 exploratory factor analysis was conducted with an archived LONGSCAN CBCL dataset to: (1) identify behavioral symptoms endorsed by children with known trauma exposure; and (2) generate a preliminary STST item pool. During Phase 2, researchers convened an expert panel (N = 10) and conducted Content Validity Index …

Assessing The Relationship Between Floral Blossom Density, Type And Floral Visitation Activity Of Bees In Southeast Portland Involving Community Scientists, Hailey Wallace, Dr. Marion Dresner

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

Pollinator populations have been declining over the past few decades; scientists are unsure of the cause of decline but have attributed it primarily to habitat fragmentation, pesticide use, and climate warming (Potts et al., 2010 - Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25: 345-353) which are all exacerbated in cities. The loss of global pollinators would be devastating to the economic market; 35% of global crop-based food production requires pollination services (Brown et al., 2009 - Apidologie 40: 410-416). Due to the threat of losing our pollinators, there are many conservation actions such as “pollinator friendly” areas being constructed in cities …

Recommendations For Ivy Management In Forest Park, Eric P. Butler, Carole Hardy, Brandon M. Hadzinsky

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

Forest Park faces numerous major ecological stresses, demonstrated in part by the significant lack of late-successional tree recruitment and invasion by ivy (Hedera spp.) and other invasive plant species. While ivy removal and revegetation has been a focus of restoration efforts, limited resources and unanswered questions about the impact of ivy and ivy removal on this ecosystem present an opportunity for re-evaluating restoration goals and techniques. Leveraging past and current ecological research on Forest Park and similar urban ecosystems, we evaluate Forest Park’s current ecological health compared to the restoration goals of managing to an old-growth reference site, the role …

Survey Of The Native Bees Of Portland State University, Stefanie Steele, Erica Rudolph, Susan Masta

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

We surveyed the bee species present on Portland State University’s campus, with a focus on the Community Orchard, over the course of two years. We found a wide diversity of bees present, representing five different families. Our survey allowed us to make the first checklist of bee species present in this highly urbanized landscape in the core of Portland. We also tracked the seasonality and floral preferences of the different species, to better document the life histories of taxa for which little prior data existed. Our data allow us to make recommendations to property owners and managers on how to …

Urban Impacts On The Biological Health Of Portland Streams, Chris Prescott

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

The ecological health of Portland stream communities varies widely. Fish and bugs score poorly against regional benchmarks, yet there are clear signs of ecological values that persist in the face of urbanization. The ten most commonly encountered fish are native, two of the five most common are salmonids, and bug communities in some streams within Forest Park meet or approach values expected of regional reference streams. A set of upland and instream indicators of urbanization were used to investigate the key drivers of stream health in Portland. Macroinvertebrate health was most strongly related to canopy cover, particularly within the riparian …

Streams Without Biology: How Physics Inadvertently Usurped River Restoration, Janine M. Castro

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

The foundations of river restoration science rest comfortably in the fields of geology, hydrology, and engineering. Lane’s stream balance equation from the mid-1950s taught us that there is a dynamic equilibrium between the amount of stream flow, the slope of the channel, and the amount and caliber of sediment. The Manning’s equation, circa 1890, still influences most stream restoration projects designed today. Inherent in that famous equation are the variables of slope and hydraulic radius, and the ever-confounding roughness coefficient (n). Biology, while completely absent in the stream balance equation, makes a cameo appearance in the Manning’s equation buried in …

Influence Of Water Availability On Native Wildflower Phenology And Pollinator Attractiveness, Aaron G. Anderson, Lucas Costner, Gail Langellotto

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

In 2017 and 2018, we performed a field study screening 23 garden-friendly, native Willamette Valley wildflowers (and four exotic comparators) for their attractiveness to pollinators. Flower phenology and pollinator visitation differed between the two seasons. There was a marked difference in both flowering timing and duration. The 2017 peak bloom began an average of 17.7 days later than 2018, and ceased 27.7 days later. Thus, the length of 2018 peak bloom was 10 days shorter on average, and ended a month earlier. We hypothesize that these differences are due to water availability. In 2017, we irrigated to ensure perennial establishment, …

Exploring The Relationship Between Collaborative Partnerships And Outcomes: An In-Depth Look At The Tree For All Program, Rebecca Mclain, Antonia Machado

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

In 2017, The Intertwine Alliance, Clean Water Services, and the Tualatin River National Wildlife Refuge (TRNWR) embarked on a project with PSU’s Institute for Sustainable Solutions to assess the benefits of collaborative partnerships and identify the factors contributing or hindering their success. The project focused primarily on the Tree for All (TFA) program in the Tualatin River Watershed. Over the course of six months, our team examined three restoration projects in depth, including the Rural Landowners Incentives Program and restoration efforts in the Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve and the Fanno Creek Greenway area. Mini case studies of restoration efforts by …

Modelling The Effects Of Variations In Corporate Tax Effort On Revenue Output In Zimbabwe., Leonard Mushunje, Maxwell Mashasha

Undergraduate Economic Review

From different taxation forms, corporate tax, has significantly become one of the major sources of revenue to the government. Whether the economy is shadow, enriched or booming, its government needs some revenue to promote and to lubricate its formal sector. Because of this, corporate tax at varying rates are being agreed and set by Zimbabwean government. However, less on the effects of corporate tax on revenue yields seems to be known and understood in Zimbabwe. so, our conjecture was to study the effects of varying corporate tax rate on revenue. We used the simple logistic harvesting model with varying effort …

Urban Ecology & Conservation Symposium 2019: 17th Annual (Abstracts), Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium Of Portland/Vancouver

Urban Ecosystem Research Consortium of Portland/Vancouver

The UERC is a consortium of people from various universities and colleges, state and federal agencies, local governments, non-profit organizations and independent professionals interested in supporting urban ecosystem research and creating an information-sharing network of people that collect and use ecological data in the Portland/Vancouver area.

UERC Mission Statement:

To advance the state of the science of urban ecosystems and improve our understanding of them, with a focus on the Portland/Vancouver metropolitan region, by fostering communication and collaboration among researchers, managers and citizens at academic institutions, public agencies, local governments, non-profit organizations, and other interested groups.

The principal organizers span …

Combined Effects Of Calcium Ascorbate Treatment And Modified Atmosphere Packaging To Improve Quality Retention Of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupes, Joongmin Shin, Kevin Mis Solval, Bob Xiang, Youn Suk Lee

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

The impact of passive modified atmosphere packaging technique (MP) and calcium ascorbate (CA) on the extension of freshness and shelf life in fresh-cut cantaloupe was studied at two storage temperatures (4 and 10°C). Fresh cantaloupes were cut into uniform size cubes (25.4 mm x 25.4mm x 25.4mm). Then, half of the fresh cut cubes was dipped into the treatment solution, and the others were not. Clamshell tray with snap-on lid (control) and micro-perforated sealable lid (MP) was used as the fresh cut fruits packaging. Fresh cut cantaloupes in CA and MP combination (CA-MP) observed the highest quality preservation among the …

Design Thinking As A Framework For Teaching Packaging Innovation, Javier De La Fuente, Irene Carbonell, Mary Laporte

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Students in scientific/technical-oriented disciplines struggle with achieving good levels of innovation when exposed to design problems. Research indicates the need for implementing alternative pedagogical approaches in technical curricula that enhance students’ creative skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a cross-disciplinary pedagogical approach with a focus on teaching innovation in the field of packaging engineering at a university in the United States. A Design Thinking Project-Based Learning (DTPBL) approach was used to improve the levels of innovation in student work. Its outcomes were compared with those of a Traditional Project-Based Learning (TPBL) approach. The implementation …

How Exemplary Urban Superintendents Build Trust With And Between School Board Members, Damon J. Wright

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study was to identify and describe what strategies exemplary urban superintendents perceive as most important to build trust with school board members using the 5 domains of competence, consistency, concern, candor, and connection. In addition, it was the purpose of this study to identify and describe strategies exemplary urban superintendents perceive as most important to build trust between board members.

Methodology: In this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study, surveys and interviews were used to secure data from exemplary superintendents to identify, emphasize, and highlight the strategies they used to build trust with and …

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 043, Number 11, February 11, 2019, Grand Valley State University

2018-2019, Volume 43

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

The Statesman, V. 62, I. 18, Stony Brook University

Stony Brook Statesman-Sucolian

v. 62, i. 18;