Digital Commons Network^™

"What's Past Is Prologue" : Exploring Confinement As A Setting For Change In Social Support And Criminal Activity, Audrey Opal Hickert

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Confinement is a major part of the criminal justice apparatus worldwide. Despite its widespread use, research is just beginning to address the mechanisms by which confinement could change individuals and impact post-release outcomes. In prior research, examinations of average effects of confinement may mask considerable and important heterogeneity. Therefore, variation within confinement samples should be explored on numerous life dimensions, including collateral consequences and metrics of criminal activity beyond simple “yes” or “no” recidivism. Confinement is a life-course event, meaning it can broadly shape future trajectories for those who experience it (Pettit & Western, 2004; Sampson & Laub, 2016). Building …

Individuals With Developmental Disabilities And Criminal Incompetence : An Analysis Of Predictors To Restoration, Ashley Cahill

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Competency to stand trial is a concept of jurisprudence preventing the adjudication of individuals who lack the capacity to understand the proceedings against them and which prevents them from assisting in their own defense because of mental disease or “defects”. In the criminal justice system, defendants found incompetent to stand trial are remanded to the care of the mental health system for a period of time to restore their competence. The determination of competency to stand trial is by far the most common psychiatric evaluation requested by criminal courts, and is especially critical for defendants with developmental and intellectual disabilities.

Stereotypes And Phenotypes : Using Machine Learning To Examine Racial Implicit Bias In Sex Offender Criminal Case Processing, Christine M. Walsh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The role of offender race/ethnicity and potential bias in criminal case outcomes is a popular topic both culturally and academically. Although a common research subject, the existing literature remains inconsistent and limited when focusing on sex offender sentencing outcomes. This dissertation uses data collected from the New York State public sex offender registry on white, black, and Hispanic males to examine the effect of offender racial/ethnic phenotype on two sentencing outcomes: sentence type and sentence length. Offender phenotype is measured through three facial features: nose width, lip fullness, and eye shape. These facial features were chosen from existing literature, however, …

Assessing The Sustainability Of Collaborations Between Local Health Departments And Nonprofit Hospitals For Population Health, Christopher Mierow Maylahn

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In 2008, New York’s health commissioner asked LHDs and nonprofit hospitals to collaborate with community partners to conduct community health needs assessments, identify two or three health priorities to focus on, and implement evidence-based strategies to address them. The actions taken as part of the New York State Prevention Agenda mirrored the IRS rules and PHAB recommendations that followed. The dearth of published studies on public health-hospital collaborations and the momentum to understand how communities in New York have responded to the IRS rules and PHAB standards are the impetus for this research.

Understanding Drug Testing And Access To Support Services In Emergency Shelters : A Qualitative Study Of Frontline Workers In The District Of Columbia, Maryland And Virginia (Dmv) Region, Erica Dean

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this dissertation research was to acquire knowledge from emergency shelter managers and frontline staff about the use of drug testing as a pre-requisite for access into shelter as well as for continued stay and receipt of services. To achieve these objectives, the following research aims framed this study:

Winter Commencement, December 15, 2019, Eastern Michigan University

Commencement Programs and Materials

No abstract provided.

Implicit Racial Bias And Students' Fourth Amendment Rights, Jason P. Nance

Indiana Law Journal

Tragic acts of school violence such as what occurred in Columbine, Newtown, and, more recently, in Parkland and Santa Fe, provoke intense feelings of anger, fear, sadness, and helplessness. Understandably, in response to these incidents (and for other reasons), many schools have intensified the manner in which they monitor and control students. Some schools rely on combinations of security measures such as metal detectors; surveillance cameras; drug-sniffing dogs; locked and monitored gates; random searches of students’ belongings, lockers, and persons; and law enforcement officers. Not only is there little empirical evidence that these measures actually make schools safer, but overreliance …

Introduction, June Carbone

Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality

Introduction of articles published as a part of the North American Regional Meeting of the International Society of Family Law

Front Matter

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Arbitration, John Allen Chalk Sr.

SMU Annual Texas Survey

No abstract provided.

Constitutionally Incapable: Parole Boards As Sentencing Courts, Mae C. Quinn

SMU Law Review

Courtroom sentencing, as part of the judicial process, is a long-standing norm in the justice system of the United States. But this basic criminal law precept is currently under quiet attack. This is because some states are now allowing parole boards to step in to decide criminal penalties without first affording defendants lawful judicial branch sentencing proceedings and sentences. These outside-of-court punishment decisions are occurring in the cases of youthful offenders entitled to sentencing relief under Miller v. Alabama, which outlawed automatic life-without-parole sentences for children. Thus, some Miller-impacted defendants are being sentenced by parole- boards as executive …

The Enforcement Of Punitive Damages Awards Between United States And Europe: An Introduction For U.S. Practitioners

The International Lawyer

This article’s objective is to introduce U.S.-based practitioners to European civil-law perspectives on whether U.S. punitive damages awards are enforceable in their jurisdictions. After a brief review concerning the birth of punitive damages within common law, valuable to better understand their cultural and legal significance, this article will outline how the prominent European jurisdictions — France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland — have dealt with the enforcement of U.S. punitive damages awards. Through each jurisdiction’s policy principles and relevant law, this article aims to afford U.S.-based practitioners initial tips and litigation strategies about how to maximize their chances of enforcing …

Unreported Sexual Assault, Saul Levmore, Martha C. Nussbaum

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Rewarding Potential Accusers: A Proposed Means of Reducing Sexual Assaults on Campus

III. Implementing a Reward System

IV. Dealing with Objections to the Plan

V. False Claims and Protection for the Accused

VI. Conclusion

I. Introduction
Unreported criminal behavior is troubling for a variety of reasons, including the likelihood that it reduces the law’s ability to deter wrongdoing. This is especially unfortunate in the case of sexual assault and other wrongs where the wrongdoers are often repeat offenders who will harm others until apprehended. In many cases, these assaults take place over many years so it is …

When Tribal Disenrollment Becomes Cruel And Unusual, Judith M. Stinson

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. The Eighth Amendment’s Prohibition on Cruel and Unusual Punishment

III. The Prohibition on Cruel and Unusual Punishment Applies to Tribes via the Indian Civil Rights Act

IV. Tribal Punishment ... A. Historical Methods of Addressing Criminal Conduct ... B. Modern Methods of Addressing Criminal Conduct … 1. Adoption of Western Notions of Criminal Punishment ... 2. The Trend to Disenroll for Conduct

V. Tribal Disenrollment is Equivalent to Revocation of Citizenship

VI. Conclusion

Restorative Justice And Youth Offenders In Nebraska, Kristen M. Blankley, Alisha Caldwell Jimenez

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction to Restorative Processes ... A. Underlying Purposes of Restorative Justice ... 1. Focus on Accountability ... 2. Victim-Centered ... 3. Reintegration into the Fabric of Society ... B. Types of Restorative Justice Processes ... 1. Sentencing Circles or Peacemaking Circles ... 2. Victim-Offender Mediation ... 3. Victim-Offender Conferencing or Dialogue ... 4. Family Group Conferencing ... 5. Problem-Solving Courts ... 6. Truth Commissions ... C. Established Success of Restorative Justice Practices ... D. Authority to Engage in Restorative Justice Processes

II. History of Restorative Practices in Nebraska ... A. Family Group Conferencing ... B. Victim-Offender Mediation ... C. …

Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2018-2019, Tennessee. Department Of Safety And Homeland Security

Annual Reports

This document is the annual report for the Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security during the fiscal year.

A Hybrid Feature-Selection Approach For Finding The Digital Evidence Of Web Application Attacks, Mohammed Babiker, Eni̇s Karaarslan, Yaşar Hoşcan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The most critical challenge of web attack forensic investigations is the sheer amount of data and level of complexity. Machine learning technology might be an efficient solution for web attack analysis and investigation. Consequently, machine learning applications have been applied in various areas of information security and digital forensics, and have improved over time. Moreover, feature selection is a crucial step in machine learning; in fact, selecting an optimal feature subset could enhance the accuracy and performance of the predictive model. To date, there has not been an adequate approach to select optimal features for the evidence of web attack. …

Identifying Criminal Organizations From Their Social Network Structures, Muhammet Serkan Çi̇nar, Burkay Genç, Hayri̇ Sever

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Identification of criminal structures within very large social networks is an essential security feat. By identifying such structures, it may be possible to track, neutralize, and terminate the corresponding criminal organizations before they act. We evaluate the effectiveness of three different methods for classifying an unknown network as terrorist, cocaine, or noncriminal. We consider three methods for the identification of network types: evaluating common social network analysis metrics, modeling with a decision tree, and network motif frequency analysis. The empirical results show that these three methods can provide significant improvements in distinguishing all three network types. We show that these …

2018 Annual Report, Town Of Goffstown, New Hampshire., Goffstown Town Representatives

Goffstown, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Islam In The Mind Of American State Courts: 1960 To 2001, Marie Failinger

Faculty Scholarship

This project reviews how American state courts portrayed Islam and Muslims from 1960 until September 11, 2001. The purpose of this project is not to construct some overarching theoretical framework to explain American social and legal views of Islam and Muslims, though I will necessarily interpret what the cases say to some extent. Given the lengthy time period involved, the number of cases in which Muslims or Islam are referenced, and the fact that these cases come from many states, it seemed prudent to defer to others who have constructed critiques of the way American law as a whole has …

How Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping Repression, Steven Feldstein

Public Policy and Administration Faculty Publications and Presentations

In early 2018, one of Malaysia’s key security forces made a startling announcement. The Auxiliary Force, a branch of the Royal Malaysia Police Cooperative, had entered into a partnership with the Chinese company Yitu Technology to equip the Force’s officers with facial-recognition capabilities. Security officials will be able to rapidly compare images caught by live body cameras with images from a central database. The head of the Auxiliary Force explained that this use of artificial intelligence (AI) was a “significant step forward” in efforts to improve public security. He also noted that his agency planned eventually to enhance the body-camera …

Outcomes For Idaho Foster Youth: Engagement With Idaho Department Of Corrections 2019, Guido Giuntini, Vanessa Crossgrove Fry, Jaime Hansen, Christopher Torres

Idaho Policy Institute Reports

If parents are unable or unwilling to care for their children (under the age of 18) the children often are taken into the custody of a public child welfare agency and are subsequently placed into foster care. While the child welfare agency remains responsible for any legal decisions for a child, foster families are responsible for the child’s day to day care and wellbeing. A number of children in the United States face this reality. In fiscal year 2017, there were almost 443,000 children in foster care in the United States (5.8 per 1,000); 1,592 of them in Idaho (3.6 …

Corruption Within The U.S. Justice System, Aleida Montanez

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

The U.S. criminal justice system has let down the American people when it comes to justice, and those failures not only impact the victims but the society as a whole. The judicial system was implemented around the 17th century, and corruption quickly followed it not long after. Although the justice system maintains some order in our society, it is not very effective when it comes to preventing any form of corruption within the justice system itself. The criminal justice system has empowered corporations and authoritative people to break the law and get away with it.

- Throughout this research, it …

Representation Of Unaccompanied Migrant Children From Central America In The United States: Media Vs. Migrant Perspectives, Theresa Catalano, Jessica Mitchell-Mccollough

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

This chapter examines the representation of unaccompanied minors fleeing Central America (namely Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador) in U.S. online national news sources over a one-year period and compares this to the way these children talk about their own perceptions of migration and their motivation for moving. Data collection consisted of online news reports on unaccompanied minors from Central America in the United States as well as interviews with children collected from the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations. Multimodal critical discourse analysis reveals a qualitative difference in discourse (e.g., use of metaphor, metonymy, deixis and visual …

History Of Senate Bills:, Colorado General Assembly

Colorado House and Senate Journals

No abstract provided.

College Of Computing And Engineering Graduate Catalog 2019-2020, Nova Southeastern University

College of Engineering and Computing Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

The False Claims Act As Fail-Safe In A Deregulated Environment, Renée Brooker, Eva Gunasekera

Emory Business Law Review

This country needs ordinary Americans to step forward and step up'individuals who will 'do the right thing.' Effective enforcement of our nation's laws to solve the opioid crisis is dependent upon help from individuals with first-hand knowledge of the harmful practices that have brought us to the regrettable circumstances we find ourselves in today. The False Claims Act'the Justice Department's primary civil enforcement tool'provides financial rewards to whistleblowers. It is a legitimate enforcement tool to augment the efforts of the Justice Department. Insiders with personal knowledge of abusive practices that put patients at risk and waste taxpayer dollars can make …

Transgender An At-Risk Population During And Following Emergencies And Disasters, Joshua Aaron Fontanez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The experiences and needs of transgendered individuals immediately following a natural or human-caused disaster are largely ignored in practice and absent from previous academic literature. Using Schneider and Ingram's conceptualization of the social construction of target populations as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of transgendered people who sought shelter in the aftermath of a natural disaster in 2018. Data were collected through interviews with 12 displaced, transgendered individuals to explore their experiences while staying at shelters in 2018. Interview data were transcribed, inductively coded, and then a thematic analysis procedure …

Louisiana Survey 2019, Lsu Reilly Center For Media & Public Affairs

Reilly Center Louisiana Surveys

The 2019 Louisiana Survey is the eighteenth in an annual series sponsored by the Reilly Center for Media & Public Affairs at Louisiana State University’s Manship School of Mass Communication.

The mission of the Louisiana Survey is to establish benchmarks as well as to capture change in residents’ assessments of state government services. The survey is further dedicated to tracking public opinion on the contemporary policy issues that face the state. Each iteration of the Louisiana Survey contains core items designed to serve as barometers of public sentiment, including assessments of whether the state is heading in the right direction …

Examining The Internal & External Factors That Motivate Inmates’ Participation Among Various Prison Programs, Kornicha Shaneice Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prison programming has been linked to reducing recidivism and re-incarceration, yet only a small percentage of prison programs are completed by inmates (Duwe, 2018). The demand in preparing inmates for reentry is crucial and ongoing. Studies have tried to understand the failure of prison program completion; however, research has not been aimed at specifically locating the internal and external factors that encourages this voluntary participation. This study examines internal and external motivation in order to find what factors influence inmates’ decision to pursue prison programs. This study contributes to link these factors to the programming types of religious, educational, treatment, …