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2019

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A Catchment-Scale Perspective Of Plastic Pollution, Fredric M. Windsor, Isabelle Durance, Alice A. Horton, Richard C. Thompson, Charles R. Tyler, Steve J. Ormerod Jan 2019

A Catchment-Scale Perspective Of Plastic Pollution, Fredric M. Windsor, Isabelle Durance, Alice A. Horton, Richard C. Thompson, Charles R. Tyler, Steve J. Ormerod

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Plastic pollution is distributed across the globe, but compared with marine environments, there is only rudimentary understanding of the distribution and effects of plastics in other ecosystems. Here, we review the transport and effects of plastics across terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. We focus on hydrological catchments as well-defined landscape units that provide an integrating scale at which plastic pollution can be investigated and managed. Diverse processes are responsible for the observed ubiquity of plastic pollution, but sources, fluxes and sinks in river catchments are poorly quantified. Early indications are that rivers are hotspots of plastic pollution, supporting some of …

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Effects Of Historic And Projected Climate Change On The Range And Impacts Of An Emerging Wildlife Disease, Stephen J. Price, William T.M. Leung, Christopher J. Owen, Robert Puschendorf, Chris Sergeant, Andrew A. Cunningham, Francois Balloux, Trenton W.J. Garner, Richard A. Nichols Jan 2019

Effects Of Historic And Projected Climate Change On The Range And Impacts Of An Emerging Wildlife Disease, Stephen J. Price, William T.M. Leung, Christopher J. Owen, Robert Puschendorf, Chris Sergeant, Andrew A. Cunningham, Francois Balloux, Trenton W.J. Garner, Richard A. Nichols

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Postglacial Colonization Of Northern Coastal Habitat By Bottlenose Dolphins: A Marine Leading-Edge Expansion?, Milaja Nykänen, Kristin Kaschner, Willy Dabin, Andrew Brownlow, Nicholas J. Davison, Rob Deaville, Cristina Garilao, Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Rod Penrose, Valentina Islas-Villanueva, Nathan Wales, Simon N. Ingram, Emer Rogan, Marie Louis, Andrew D. Foote Jan 2019

Postglacial Colonization Of Northern Coastal Habitat By Bottlenose Dolphins: A Marine Leading-Edge Expansion?, Milaja Nykänen, Kristin Kaschner, Willy Dabin, Andrew Brownlow, Nicholas J. Davison, Rob Deaville, Cristina Garilao, Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Rod Penrose, Valentina Islas-Villanueva, Nathan Wales, Simon N. Ingram, Emer Rogan, Marie Louis, Andrew D. Foote

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Oscillations in the Earth’s temperature and the subsequent retreating and advancing of ice-sheets around the polar regions are thought to have played an important role in shaping the distribution and genetic structuring of contemporary high-latitude populations. After the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), retreating of the ice-sheets would have enabled early colonizers to rapidly occupy suitable niches to the exclusion of other conspecifics, thereby reducing genetic diversity at the leading-edge. Bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) form distinct coastal and pelagic ecotypes, with finer-scale genetic structuring observed within each ecotype. We reconstruct the postglacial colonization of the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) by bottlenose dolphins …

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Gravel Beach Cross- And Alongshore Response To An Extreme Event: Beach Length And Headland Proximity Controls, Rj Mccarroll, G Masselink, M Wiggins, Tim Scott, O Billson, D Conley Jan 2019

Gravel Beach Cross- And Alongshore Response To An Extreme Event: Beach Length And Headland Proximity Controls, Rj Mccarroll, G Masselink, M Wiggins, Tim Scott, O Billson, D Conley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Gravel beach morphologic change is a function of combined cross- and alongshore transport. At present, numerical methods deal with these processes separately. We present observations from Start Bay, UK, of extreme storm response and recovery, across five gravel subembayments (lengths 250 m to 5 km). An easterly storm sequence in Feb-Mar 2018 forced massive alongshore transport (rotation and headland bypassing) and cross-shore transport including erosion of the barrier, destruction of barrier-crest roads, and distribution of material offshore. We demonstrate that profile response is a function of embayment length and headland proximity, such that: (i) pocket embayments (~250 m) experience a …

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Changes In The Biochemical And Nutrient Composition Of Seafood Due To Ocean Acidification And Warming, A. J. Lemasson, J. M. Hall-Spencer, V. Kuri, A. M. Knights Jan 2019

Changes In The Biochemical And Nutrient Composition Of Seafood Due To Ocean Acidification And Warming, A. J. Lemasson, J. M. Hall-Spencer, V. Kuri, A. M. Knights

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Ocean acidification and warming may threaten future seafood production, safety and quality by negatively impacting the fitness of marine species. Identifying changes in nutritional quality, as well as species most at risk, is crucial if societies are to secure food production. Here, changes in the biochemical composition and nutritional properties of the commercially valuable oysters, Magallana gigas and Ostrea edulis, were evaluated following a 12-week exposure to six ocean acidification and warming scenarios that were designed to reflect the temperature (+3 °C above ambient) and atmospheric pCO 2 conditions (increase of 350–600 ppm) predicted for the mid-to end-of-century. Results suggest …

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Removal Of Intertidal Grazers By Human Harvesting Leads To Alteration Of Species Interactions, Community Structure And Resilience To Climate Change, Ana Chaverra, Evie Wieters, Andy Foggo, Antony M. Knights Jan 2019

Removal Of Intertidal Grazers By Human Harvesting Leads To Alteration Of Species Interactions, Community Structure And Resilience To Climate Change, Ana Chaverra, Evie Wieters, Andy Foggo, Antony M. Knights

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Extreme fluctuations in abiotic conditions can induce a biological stress response (e.g. bleaching) detrimental to an organism's health. In some instances, organisms can recover if conditions are alleviated, such as through co-occurrence with other species that confer protection. Biodiverse, multitrophic communities are increasingly recognised as important promoters of species persistence and resilience under environmental change. On intertidal shores, the role of grazers as top-down determinants of algal community structure is well recognised. Similarly, the harvesting of grazers for human consumption is increasingly prevalent with potential to greatly alter the community dynamics. Here, we assess how differences in harvesting pressure of …

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Marine Ecological Field Methodssalvanes, A. G. V., Devine, J., Jensen, K. H., Hestetun, J. T., Sjotun, K., & Glenner, H, Wiley And Sons, 2018, 218 Pp., A Mcquatters‐Gollop Jan 2019

Marine Ecological Field Methodssalvanes, A. G. V., Devine, J., Jensen, K. H., Hestetun, J. T., Sjotun, K., & Glenner, H, Wiley And Sons, 2018, 218 Pp., A Mcquatters‐Gollop

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Observations Of Infragravity Dominance In The Swash Zone Of A Steep Gravel Beach, O Billson, P Russell, M Davidson, M Wiggins, Jak Mccarroll, T Poate, N Leonardi Jan 2019

Observations Of Infragravity Dominance In The Swash Zone Of A Steep Gravel Beach, O Billson, P Russell, M Davidson, M Wiggins, Jak Mccarroll, T Poate, N Leonardi

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Observations of the depth integrated and time averaged sediment transport on a mixed sand and gravel (MSG) beach are presented and analysed to examine the performance of a new portable streamer trap. Measurement of the longshore sediment transport rate in the surf zone remains one of the great challenges in coastal engineering and coastal sciences. Sediment traps for sand beaches have proven useful in the past, but are not suitable for MSG beaches. This paper describes a portable depth-integrated streamer trap designed to measure the depthintegrated combined bed load and suspended longshore sediment transport on MSG beaches. The device consists …

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Phototactic Tails: Evolution And Molecular Basis Of A Novel Sensory Trait In Sea Snakes, Jm Crowe‐Riddell, Bruno F. Simões, Julian C. Partridge, David M. Hunt, Steven Delean, Julian G. Schwerdt, James Breen, Alastair Ludington, David J. Gower, Kate L. Sanders Jan 2019

Phototactic Tails: Evolution And Molecular Basis Of A Novel Sensory Trait In Sea Snakes, Jm Crowe‐Riddell, Bruno F. Simões, Julian C. Partridge, David M. Hunt, Steven Delean, Julian G. Schwerdt, James Breen, Alastair Ludington, David J. Gower, Kate L. Sanders

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Some Things Are Too Hot To Touch: Competency, The Right To Sexual Autonomy, And The Roles Of Lawyers And Expert Witnesses, Michael L. Perlin, Alison Lynch, Valerie R. Mcclain Jan 2019

Some Things Are Too Hot To Touch: Competency, The Right To Sexual Autonomy, And The Roles Of Lawyers And Expert Witnesses, Michael L. Perlin, Alison Lynch, Valerie R. Mcclain

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

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Association Mapping To Identify Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Genomic Regions Affecting Aggressiveness Of Lesion Formation On Sunflower Stems, Kassaye Hussen Belay Jan 2019

Association Mapping To Identify Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Genomic Regions Affecting Aggressiveness Of Lesion Formation On Sunflower Stems, Kassaye Hussen Belay

Plant Sciences

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most destructive pathogens of sunflower in the United States and worldwide. Distinctive symptoms include mid-stalk rot, basal stalk rot and head rot from subsequent infection of the sunflower head. This fungal pathogen has a remarkably broad host range of over 400 dicot plants. However, little is currently known about the virulence strategies that allow S. sclerotiorum to successfully infect a wide range of plant hosts. The goal of our project was to identify S. sclerotiorum virulence determinants and effectors that contribute to disease development on sunflower. We evaluated a diverse collection of 232 S. …

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Improvement Of The Physicochemical Attributes And Antioxidants Profiles From Pulse Seeds Through Germination, Minwei Xu Jan 2019

Improvement Of The Physicochemical Attributes And Antioxidants Profiles From Pulse Seeds Through Germination, Minwei Xu

Plant Sciences

Edible pulse seeds are good sources of food ingredients. Germination has been regarded as an effective process to further improve nutrient digestibility and accessibility of pulse seeds. Our aim was to observe the effect of germination on proximate composition, physicochemical attributes, and phenolic profiles of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Merr.), and yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.). In addition, mechanisms of how germination affects the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds were proposed. Chemical composition, thermal, pasting, and moisture adsorption properties of pulse flours were investigated over 6 days of germination. Protein contents increased by 3 percent points for …

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Using And Misusing Legal Decisions: Why Antivaccine Claims About Nvicp Cases Are Wrong, Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, Rachel Heap Jan 2019

Using And Misusing Legal Decisions: Why Antivaccine Claims About Nvicp Cases Are Wrong, Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, Rachel Heap

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Environmental Law. Disrupted, David Takacs Jan 2019

Environmental Law. Disrupted, David Takacs

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Whose Voices Count In Biodiversity Conservation? Ecological Democracy In Biodiversity Offsetting, Redd , And Rewilding, David Takacs Jan 2019

Whose Voices Count In Biodiversity Conservation? Ecological Democracy In Biodiversity Offsetting, Redd , And Rewilding, David Takacs

Faculty Scholarship

Ecological democracy seeks environmentally sustainable ends through broad, active democratic participation. What happens when laws fostering participation in environmental decision-making and biodiversity preservation lead to differing results? What is best for biodiversity may not be what for local citizens believe is best. I examine conflicts and congruencies in the context of Biodiversity Offsetting, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), and the Rewilding movement. I ask questions that are legal (Who has what legal rights to speak for or against programs that enhance biodiversity?), epistemological (Whose expertise and knowledge matters when scientists and non-scientists don’t agree?), axiological (Are some …

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A Common Law Perspective On The Supreme Court And Its Functions, Richard L. Marcus Jan 2019

A Common Law Perspective On The Supreme Court And Its Functions, Richard L. Marcus

Faculty Scholarship

The text presents different attributes of the Supreme Court in common law and civil law systems. The author claims that the question of design and function of a supreme court, while important, is no more significant than the issue of its institutional status and evolution, i.e. something one could refer to as “legal culture”. Neither the “common law camp”, nor the “civil law camp” turns out to be monolithic in this regard. The distinctive history of the US Supreme Court is presented through the perspective of its statutory and procedural supremacy, as well as its power of constitutional adjudication. The …

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Silence And The Second Wall, Zachary New, Ming Hsu Chen Jan 2019

Silence And The Second Wall, Zachary New, Ming Hsu Chen

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Physical Properties And Cookie-Making Performance Of Oleogel Made With Refined And Crude Oils, Muxin Zhao Jan 2019

The Physical Properties And Cookie-Making Performance Of Oleogel Made With Refined And Crude Oils, Muxin Zhao

Plant Sciences

In this study, oleogels were prepared with crude plant oils using varying oleogelators. The role of oleogel was compared with refined oil oleogels as well as commercial shortening in the cookie making process. The plant oils used in this research include solvent-extracted crude soybean oil, refined soybean oil, expeller-pressed corn germ oil, and refined corn oil. β-sitosterol and/or monoacylglycerides, and rice bran wax were used either individually or in combination as the gelator to form oleogels using different oils. The physical properties of oleogels and corresponding cookies were investigated and compared. Overall, the incorporation of gelators into crude and refined …

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Using Mid-Season Ndvi Data From Drones To Produce Variable Rate Fertilizer Maps In Wheat, Bethany Mariah Christensen Jan 2019

Using Mid-Season Ndvi Data From Drones To Produce Variable Rate Fertilizer Maps In Wheat, Bethany Mariah Christensen

Plant Sciences

Variable rate prescription maps can improve nitrogen use efficiency within a field by directing N applications where it is needed. If NDVI collected with a drone could be used to predict yield, it also could be used to develop N rate prescription maps. Experiments on wheat were carried out in farmer fields and in small plots. Small plot experiments consisted of six rates of nitrogen and NDVI was collected from sensors on a drone and was correlated to yield and protein after harvest. NDVI measurements were also collected from farmer fields that had a nitrogen rich strip applied to the …

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Vacuum Steam Pasteurization Of Hard Red Spring Wheat, Jane Mae Snelling Jan 2019

Vacuum Steam Pasteurization Of Hard Red Spring Wheat, Jane Mae Snelling

Plant Sciences

Vacuum steam pasteurization (VSP) is a promising technology for pasteurization of low moisture foods. Recent outbreaks traced to wheat flour, a low moisture food, have created demand in the milling industry for a process that reduces pathogens in wheat while maintaining its functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of VSP on Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat. First, HRS wheat samples were pasteurized at 65, 70, 75, and 85°C for 4 and 8 minutes. Significant changes in dough and baked product functionality were observed in treatments ≥70°C suggesting gluten denaturation occurred. After determining that 65°C …

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Genetics Of Wheat Domestication And Septoria Nodorum Blotch Susceptibility In Wheat, Sapna Sharma Jan 2019

Genetics Of Wheat Domestication And Septoria Nodorum Blotch Susceptibility In Wheat, Sapna Sharma

Plant Sciences

T. aestivum ssp. spelta Iranian type has long been thought to potentially be the direct non-free threshing hexaploid progenitor. I evaluated a RIL population derived from a cross between CS and Iranian spelta accession P503 to identify loci suppressing free-threshabilty in P503. Identification of QTL associated with threshability in region known to harbor the Tg2A gene, and an inactive tg2D allele supported the hypothesis of Iranian spelta being derived from a more recent hybridization between free-threshing hexaploid and emmer wheat. Parastagonospora nodorum is an important fungal pathogen and secretes necrotrophic effectors that evoke cell death. In this research, a DH …

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Flavor Modification Of Pea Flour Using Ethanol-Based Deodorization, Madison Taylor Gohl Jan 2019

Flavor Modification Of Pea Flour Using Ethanol-Based Deodorization, Madison Taylor Gohl

Plant Sciences

Peas are rich in protein and dietary fiber and can be used to create specialty products; however, flavor issues are one of the primary concerns regarding utilization. Sensory evaluations indicated the optimal treatment utilized aqueous ethanol at a concentration of 47.5%, extraction time of 63 min, and no pressure. Decreased (P<0.05) moisture and ash content, with no loss of protein or starch, were observed after treatment. Foaming properties were poor, indicating protein modification. Increased water absorption impacted WAI, WSI, setback, and peak time observations. Remaining pasting profile values were unchanged (P<0.05). While some volatiles were released via changes in protein and starch structure, total ppm decreased. Treated pea flour products had significantly (P<0.05) higher flavor acceptance scores. Texture results suggested treated flour imparted softness of baked items. Shelf-life measurements were improved for both cookies and crackers using treated pea flour.

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Mother And Daughter Chipping Potato Cultivar Responses To Sublethal Rates Of Glyphosate And Dicamba, Matthew James Brooke Jan 2019

Mother And Daughter Chipping Potato Cultivar Responses To Sublethal Rates Of Glyphosate And Dicamba, Matthew James Brooke

Plant Sciences

The effects of sublethal drift rates and carryover of glyphosate and dicamba into the next generation of seed potato cultivars Atlantic and Dakota Pearl are unknown. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of sublethal glyphosate and dicamba rates on mother and daughter chipping potato plants. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Oakes, ND. Herbicides were sprayed at the tuber initiation stage and consisted of dicamba (0, 20, and 99 g ae ha-1) and glyphosate (0, 40, and 197% g ae ha-1). During the year of application (2018), the combination of glyphosate at 197 …

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The Relationships Among Sleep Quality, Self-Efficacy And Performance In A Military Setting, Andrew D. Lautner Jan 2019

The Relationships Among Sleep Quality, Self-Efficacy And Performance In A Military Setting, Andrew D. Lautner

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined sleep, self-efficacy, and confidence and their effect on performance. Cadets from an Army Reserve officer training corps (ROTC) program were surveyed about their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), their fatigue using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), their sleep quantity using the Rosenkind formula, their confidence using the competitive trait anxiety index (CTAI-2), their self-efficacy using a task specific questionnaire, and performance was measured via the Army physical fitness test (APFT). The data from each variable was analyzed through correlations and regressions. The results support the hypothesis of cadets who have poorer sleep quality …

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Ethnic Bias Within The Nesarc Personality Disorders Using Item Response Theory, Susan Tara Scoullar Jan 2019

Ethnic Bias Within The Nesarc Personality Disorders Using Item Response Theory, Susan Tara Scoullar

Theses and Dissertations

Racial bias within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th Edition, or DSM5, has been recognized in studies of personality disorder diagnoses. Item Response Theory Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (IRT DIF and DTF) was used to examine the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 1 and 2 data. A review of prevalence information by gender and ethnicity was undertaken. Hypotheses included that bias would be present in the items and total scores of personality diagnostic scales. In particular, items and scales which rely on cultural comparisons, and …

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A Man Of Ubuntu: A South African Colleague's Tribute To Stephen Ellmann, Penelope Andrews Jan 2019

A Man Of Ubuntu: A South African Colleague's Tribute To Stephen Ellmann, Penelope Andrews

Articles & Chapters

In Memoriam: Stephen Ellmann

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Temptation's Page Flies Out The Door: Navigating Complex Systems Of Disability And The Law From A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Perspective, Michael L. Perlin, Mehgan Gallagher Jan 2019

Temptation's Page Flies Out The Door: Navigating Complex Systems Of Disability And The Law From A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Perspective, Michael L. Perlin, Mehgan Gallagher

Articles & Chapters

This article considers the difficulties inherent in the navigation of the legal system and the disability system, difficulties made more complicated when these systems intersect. Although this problem is not a new one, remarkably, it has never been the subject of any legal scholarship. We argue here that it is futile to consider either system to be a uniform one, and that to make any sense of the underlying ambiguities, it is necessary to consider both the potential conflicts both between domestic and international law (using fitness to proceed to trial as a case example), and the conflicts between social …

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Privacy's Law Of Design, Ari Ezra Waldman Jan 2019

Privacy's Law Of Design, Ari Ezra Waldman

Articles & Chapters

Privacy by design is about making privacy part of the conception and development of new data collection tools. But how should we interpret “privacy by design” as a legal mandate? As it transitions from an academic buzzword into binding law, privacy by design will, for the first time, impose real responsibilities on real people to do specific things at specific times. And yet, there remains significant disagreement about what privacy by design actually means in practice: we have yet to define its who, what, when, why, and how. Different approaches to privacy by design have tried to answer those questions …

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Safe Social Spaces, Ari Ezra Waldman Jan 2019

Safe Social Spaces, Ari Ezra Waldman

Articles & Chapters

Technologies that mediate social interaction can put our privacy and our safety at risk. Harassment, intimate partner violence and surveillance, data insecurity, and revenge porn are just a few of harms that bedevil technosocial spaces and their users, particularly users from marginalized communities. This Article seeks to identify the building blocks of safe social spaces, or environments in which individuals can be free of privacy and safety dangers. Relying on analogies to offline social spaces—Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, teams of coworkers, and attorney-client relationships—this Article argues that if a social space is defined as an environment characterized by disclosure, then a …

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The Strings In The Books Ain't Pulled And Persuaded: How The Use Of Improper Statistics And Unverified Data Corrupts The Judicial Process In Sex Offender Cases, Heather Ellis Cucolo, Michael L. Perlin Jan 2019

The Strings In The Books Ain't Pulled And Persuaded: How The Use Of Improper Statistics And Unverified Data Corrupts The Judicial Process In Sex Offender Cases, Heather Ellis Cucolo, Michael L. Perlin

Articles & Chapters

An examination of a range of judicial decisions involving sexual offender determinations reveals that, frequently, courts rely improperly on inaccurate and under-developed statistics as well as unverified and outdated information. This reliance, too often, underlies rulings that subject the sex offender to significant sanctions and loss of liberty. Additionally, the continuation of the testimonial script that all sex offenders are high recidivists, dangerous, compulsive and untreatable, contributes to the anti-therapeutic effect of shaming and humiliation. This results in isolation, seclusion, lack of dignity; also, it further trivializes the judicial process, and violates the tenants of therapeutic jurisprudence. Despite the “frightening …

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