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Maintaining Stability In A Changing Climate: A Comparative Analysis Of Public Health Systems And Migration Policies In The U.S. And Canada, Laura Cutlip

Climate and Society

This paper examines the relation between climate change, migration, and public health to better understand how the United States health system is positioned to deal with likely challenges to human health posed by environmental changes. The author reviews probable impacts of climate change on population displacement and disease before considering how the current structure of the health system of the United States will render it unable to adapt to these changes and challenges. The Canadian health care system and refugee policies are then reviewed to provide a counterpoint to this analysis. These findings are then considered in tandem as the …

Valeology In The Educational Process Of Higher Educational Institutions, D. Y. Ramanova, I. R. Urazaliyeva, A. K. Ermatova

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

Formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the main directions of reforming the health care system of Uzbekistan. The study of the problem of a healthy lifestyle of students in a sociological aspect is due to the specifics of this socio-demographic group, the peculiarities of its formation and its role in the educational process. The more valeology enters the educational and living space of higher educational institutions, the more effectively the science and education of the largest social mission will be realized: the preservation of the Uzbek ethnic group, its health, its labor, reproductive, valeological sufficiency

Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseases In Uzbekistan, E. R. Urazaliyeva, A. K. Ermatova, D. Y. Ramanova

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

Every year, an estimated 17 million people globally die of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly heart attacks and strokes. CVDs occur almost equally in men and women. Although heart attacks and strokes are major killers in all parts of the world, 80% of premature deaths from these causes could be avoided by controlling the main risk factors: tobacco, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. By 2015, the total number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths (mainly coronary heart disease, stroke, and rheumatic heart disease) had increased globally to 17.5 million from 14.4 million in 1990.

Week Of January 14, 2019, New York Medical College

InTouch

• Salomon Amar, D.D.S., Ph.D., Is Appointed Vice President for Research
• Movie Highlights the Importance of Open Access

Natural Strategies For Controlling Virulence And Antibiotic Resistance In Clostridium Difficile, Abraham Joseph Pellissery

Doctoral Dissertations

Clostridium difficile is a significant enteric pathogen causing a toxin-mediated infection and diarrhea in humans. There has been an increased incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in the United States with the emergence of hypervirulent strains and community associated outbreaks. CDI is commonly observed among hospital in-patients undergoing protracted antibiotic therapy, which results in gastrointestinal dysbiosis, creating a conducive environment for spore germination, pathogen colonization in the gut, and subsequent toxin production. An ideal anti-C.difficile therapeutic agent should inhibit critical virulence factors of the pathogen such as toxin production, sporulation and spore germination without inducing gut dysbiosis. Such agents …

Comparison Of Compliance With Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 18 And Above In Arkansas And The United States, Sarah N. O'Connor, Jun Tao, L. Joseph Su

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Introduction: Cervical cancer preys on women without access to preventative screening. Any woman who has developed an invasive case of cervical cancer should be regarded as a failure of screening. Disparities in access to screening, triage, and treatment fuel an uneven distribution in the burden of cervical cancer within the United States; weighing unusually heavy on the Southern States like Arkansas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate demographic and behavioral risk factors for cervical cancer and identify potential barriers which may influence the likelihood of complying with current Pap test recommendations on a state level, in Arkansas, and …

Path Analyses Of Risk Factors For Linear Growth Faltering In Four Prospective Cohorts Of Young Children In Ghana, Malawi And Burkina Faso, Elizabeth L. Prado, Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez, Stephen Vosti, Robert Stewart, Christine P. Stewart, Jérôme Somé, Anna Pulakka, Jean Bosco Ouédraogo, Harriet Okronipa, Eugenia Ocansey, Brietta Oaks, Kenneth Maleta, Anna Lartey, Emma Kortekangas, Sonja Y. Hess, Kenneth Brown, Jaden Bendabenda, Ulla Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Mary Arimond, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Souheila Abbeddou, Kathryn Dewey

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Stunting prevalence is an indicator of a country’s progress towards United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 2, which is to end hunger and achieve improved nutrition. Accelerating progress towards reducing stunting requires a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to linear growth faltering. We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18-month length-for-age z-score (LAZ) in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Project in Ghana (n=1039), Malawi (n=684 and 1504) and Burkina Faso (n=2619). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two other cohorts, infants were …

Integrating Nutrition Into Health Systems: What The Evidence Advocates, Rehana Salam, Jai K. Das, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

There is considerable evidence of positive health and nutrition outcomes resulting from integrating nutrition-specific interventions into health systems; however, current knowledge on establishing and sustaining effective integration of nutrition into health systems is limited. The objective of this review is to map the existing types of integration platforms and review the evidence on integrated health and nutrition programmes' impacts on specific nutrition outcomes. A literature search was conducted, and integrated nutrition programmes were examined through the lens of the six World Health Organization (WHO) building blocks, including the demand side. Forty-five studies were included in this review, outlining the integration …

Developing Clinical Reasoning Skills Through Argumentation With The Concept Map Method In Medical Problem-Based Learning, Jihyun Si, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang-Hwa Lee

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

This study aims to explore the effects of argumentation with the concept map method during medical problem-based learning (PBL) on individual clinical reasoning. Individual clinical reasoning ability was assessed through problem-solving performance and arguments that students constructed during individual clinical reasoning processes. Toulmin’s model of argument was utilized as a structure for arguments. The study also explored whether there would be any differences between the firstand second-year medical students. Ninety-five medical students participated in this study, and they took two PBL modules. During PBL, they were asked as a group to construct concept maps based on their argumentation about a …

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Provides Effective Salvage Despite Refractory Disease Or Failed Prior Autologous Transplant In Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: A Cibmtr Analysis, Narendranath Epperla, Kwang W. Ahn, Carlos Litovich, Sairah Ahmed, Minoo Battiwalla, Jonathon B. Cohen, Parastoo Dahi, Nosha Farhadfar, Umar Farooq, Cesar O. Freytes, Nilanjan Ghosh, Bradley Haverkos, Alex Herrera, Mark Hertzberg, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, David Inwards, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Farhad Khimani, Hillard Lazarus, Aleksandr Lazaryan, Lazaros Lekakis, Hemant Murthy, Sunita Nathan, Taiga Nishihori, Attaphol Pawarode, Tim Prestidge, Praveen Ramakrishnan, Andrew R. Rezvani, Rizwan Romee, Nirav N. Shah

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: There is a paucity of data on the role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Using the CIBMTR registry, we report here the outcomes of AITL patients undergoing an allo-HCT.

Methods: We evaluated 249 adult AITL patients who received their first allo-HCT during 2000–2016.

Results: The median patient age was 56 years (range = 21–77). Majority of the patients were Caucasians (86%), with a male predominance (60%). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was predominantly calcineurin inhibitor-based approaches while the most common graft source was peripheral blood (97%). Median follow-up of survivors was 49 …

Bioanalytical Method Development And Validation For The Simultaneous Estimation Of Zidovudine And Abacavir In Human Plasma By Rp-Hplc, Praveen P, Raghavendra Shetty, Jagadeesh P C

Manipal Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Iron Deficiency And Replete Iron Status Are Associated With Adverse Birth Outcomes, But Associations Differ In Ghana And Malawi, Brietta M. Oaks, Josh M. Jorgensen, Lacey M. Baldiviez, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Ken Maleta, Harriet Okronipa, John Sadalaki, Anna Lartey, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Stephen Vosti, Lindsay H. Allen, Kathryn G. Dewey

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background

Previous literature suggests a U-shaped relation between hemoglobin concentration and adverse birth outcomes. There is less evidence on associations between iron status and birth outcomes.

Objective

Our objective was to determine the associations of maternal hemoglobin concentration and iron status with birth outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a secondary data analysis of data from 2 cohorts of pregnant women receiving iron-containing nutritional supplements (20–60 mg ferrous sulfate) in Ghana (n = 1137) and Malawi (n = 1243). Hemoglobin concentration and 2 markers of iron status [zinc protoporphyrin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)] were measured at ≤20 weeks and …

Bats And Coronaviruses, Arinjay Banerjee, Kirsten Kulcsar, Vikram Misra, Matthew Frieman, Karen Mossman

KIP Articles

Bats are speculated to be reservoirs of several emerging viruses including coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause serious disease in humans and agricultural animals. These include CoVs that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and severe acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Bats that are naturally infected or experimentally infected do not demonstrate clinical signs of disease. These observations have allowed researchers to speculate that bats are the likely reservoirs or ancestral hosts for several CoVs. In this review, we follow the CoV outbreaks that are speculated to have originated in bats. We review studies …

Csf Inflammatory Markers Differ In Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative Shunt Infections., Gwenn L. Skar, David C. Synhorst, Matthew Beaver, Jessica N. Snowden

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is frequently complicated by bacterial infection. Shunt infection diagnosis relies on bacterial culture of CSF which can often produce false-negative results. Negative cultures present a conundrum for physicians as they are left to rely on other CSF indices, which can be unremarkable. New methods are needed to swiftly and accurately diagnose shunt infections. CSF chemokines and cytokines may prove useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of systemic and CSF biomarkers for identification of CSF shunt infection.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with …

Expansion Of The Human Phenotype Ontology (Hpo) Knowledge Base And Resources., Sebastian Köhler, Leigh Carmody, Nicole Vasilevsky, Julius O B Jacobsen, Daniel Danis, Jean-Philippe Gourdine, Michael Gargano, Nomi L Harris, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Julie A Mcmurry, David Osumi-Sutherland, Valentina Cipriani, James P Balhoff, Tom Conlin, Hannah Blau, Gareth Baynam, Richard Palmer, Dylan Gratian, Hugh Dawkins, Michael Segal, Anna C Jansen, Ahmed Muaz, Willie H Chang, Jenna Bergerson, Stanley J F Laulederkind, Zafer Yüksel, Sergi Beltran, Alexandra F Freeman, Panagiotis I Sergouniotis, Daniel Durkin, Andrea L Storm, Marc Hanauer, Michael Brudno, Susan M. Bello, Murat Sincan, Kayli Rageth, Matthew T Wheeler, Renske Oegema, Halima Lourghi, Maria G Della Rocca, Rachel Thompson, Francisco Castellanos, James Priest, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Ayushi Hegde, Ruth C Lovering, Catherine Hajek, Annie Olry, Luigi Notarangelo, Morgan Similuk, Xingmin A Zhang, David Gómez-Andrés, Hanns Lochmüller, Hélène Dollfus, Sergio Rosenzweig, Shruti Marwaha, Ana Rath, Kathleen Sullivan, Cynthia Smith, Joshua D Milner, Dorothée Leroux, Cornelius F Boerkoel, Amy Klion, Melody C Carter, Tudor Groza, Damian Smedley, Melissa A Haendel, Chris Mungall, Peter N Robinson

Faculty Research 2019

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)-a standardized vocabulary of phenotypic abnormalities associated with 7000+ diseases-is used by thousands of researchers, clinicians, informaticians and electronic health record systems around the world. Its detailed descriptions of clinical abnormalities and computable disease definitions have made HPO the de facto standard for deep phenotyping in the field of rare disease. The HPO's interoperability with other ontologies has enabled it to be used to improve diagnostic accuracy by incorporating model organism data. It also plays a key role in the popular Exomiser tool, which identifies potential disease-causing variants from whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing data. Since the …

The Gene Ontology Resource: 20 Years And Still Going Strong., Gene Ontology Consortium

Faculty Research 2019

The Gene Ontology resource (GO; http://geneontology.org) provides structured, computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Founded in 1998, GO has become widely adopted in the life sciences, and its contents are under continual improvement, both in quantity and in quality. Here, we report the major developments of the GO resource during the past two years. Each monthly release of the GO resource is now packaged and given a unique identifier (DOI), enabling GO-based analyses on a specific release to be reproduced in the future. The molecular function ontology has been refactored to better represent the overall activities …

Plasmodium Para-Aminobenzoate Synthesis And Salvage Resolve Avoidance Of Folate Competition And Adaptation To Host Diet, Joachim Michael Matz, Mutsumi Watanabe, Mofolusho Falade, Takayuki Tohge, Rainer Hoefgen, Kai Matuschewski

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Folate metabolism is essential for DNA synthesis and a validated drug target in fast-growing cell populations, including tumors and malaria parasites. Genome data suggest that Plasmodium has retained its capacity to generate folates de novo. However, the metabolic plasticity of folate uptake and biosynthesis by the malaria parasite remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that Plasmodium uses an aminodeoxychorismate synthase and an aminodeoxychorismate lyase to promote the biogenesis of the central folate precursor para-aminobenzoate (pABA) in the cytoplasm. We show that the parasite depends on de novo folate synthesis only when dietary intake of pABA by …

Fabrication Of Electrospun Nanofibers Made Of Watermelon Peel Extract And Pva And Investigating Their Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activities, Wafaa Soliman

Theses and Dissertations

Food waste has become a huge problem globally since thousands of different food items are wasted all over the world which affects our environment severely due to the emissions of greenhouse gas due to anaerobic decomposition and leakage at the garbage. Fruit wastes like the peels and seeds are a major contribution to the waste products thrown everyday especially in juice industries. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of food wastes have been of great interest nowadays due to oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance problems. However the stability of the fruits or vegetables wastes was a challenge to perform these activities …

Financial Barriers And Utilization Of Medical Services In Prison: An Examination Of Co-Payments, Personal Assets, And Individual Characteristics, Brian R. Wyant Phd, Holly M. Harner

Journal for Evidence-based Practice in Correctional Health

Although research has found that requiring incarcerated individuals to pay fees for medical service decreases use, there are still important unanswered questions about this association: 1) Is the copayment fee a barrier to those seeking medical attention? 2) If so, what individual factors are associated with viewing the copayments as the reason to avoid seeing a medical professional? Using 2012 survey data collected from 45 incarcerated persons housed in a maximum security prison on the East Coast, it was discovered that over 70% of the men surveyed reported avoiding medical services at least once in the past three months due …

"Precision Pathology" Brought Into Focus In Second Edition Of Textbook With Netto As Editor, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Fidaxomicin For Prophylaxis Of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea In Adults Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Kathleen M. Mullane, Erik R. Dubberke, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Background: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is common during hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We evaluated fidaxomicin for prevention of CDAD in HSCT patients.

Methods: In this double-blind study, subjects undergoing HSCT with fluoroquinolone prophylaxis stratified by transplant type (autologous/allogeneic) were randomized to once-daily oral fidaxomicin (200 mg) or a matching placebo. Dosing began within 2 days of starting conditioning or fluoroquinolone prophylaxis and continued until 7 days after neutrophil engraftment or completion of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis/clinically-indicated antimicrobials for up to 40 days. The primary endpoint was CDAD incidence through 30 days after study medication. …

Biotechnological Application In Aquaculture And Its Sustainability Constraints, Olaganathan Rajee, Tang Kar Mun Alicia

Publications

The valuable nutritional and biochemical properties have made fisheries products one of the most vital high-quality protein sources for human consumption. Aquaculture has become the great alternative to substitute wild catches when the yield from fishing are no longer sufficient to sustain the massive food demand of the human population which is constantly burgeoning. However, aquaculture requires multidisciplinary approaches with holistic and environmental-friendly management measures to ensure its long term success and sustainability. Biotechnological applications have enhanced the effectiveness and cost-efficiencies of aquaculture by augmenting the productivity of aquaculture to meet global needs. Despite the benefits, the biotechnological application in …

Individual-Level Antibody Dynamics Reveal Potential Drivers Of Influenza A Seasonality In Wild Pig Populations, Kim M. Pepin, Kerri Pedersen, Xiu-Feng Wan, Fred L. Cunningham, Colleen T. Webb, Mark Q. Wilber

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Swine are important in the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) globally. Understanding the ecological role of wild pigs in IAV ecology has been limited because surveillance in wild pigs is often for antibodies (serosurveillance) rather than IAVs, as in humans and domestic swine. As IAV antibodies can persist long after an infection, serosurveillance data are not necessarily indicative of current infection risk. However, antibody responses to IAV infections cause a predictable antibody response, thus time of infection can be inferred from antibody levels in serological samples, enabling identification of risk factors of infection at estimated times of infection. Recent …

Career Corner: Quidel Part-Time Job Ideal For Science Students, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Attractiveness And Influence Of Information On Cascade Size Distribution, Dong Jian, Bin Chen, Liu Liang, Chuan Ai, Zhang Fang, Xiaogang Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The distribution of the cascade size can capture the distribution of popularity of a social network. Numerous studies have shown that the cascade size distribution follows fat-tail distributions, including power-law distribution and bimodal distribution; The underlying characteristic of this highly skewed distribution lacks quantitative experimental analysis. Based on the heterogeneous stochastic information dissemination model, namely the SVRF model, this paper examines the impact of the information attractiveness and influence on the cascade size distribution through lots of computational experiments. We find that when the mean value of the information influence and attractiveness is small, the cascade sizes follow …

If Roe Falls: Whole Woman’S Health Act As A Necessary Stop-Gap On The Way To Full Protection Of Bodily Autonomy In Virginia, Galina Varchena

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

In 2016, the Supreme Court clarified the scenarios in which an “undue burden” is imposed on a pregnant person seeking an abortion in Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt. As a result, the constitutionality of many of Virginia’s abortion regulations seems in doubt. These unconstitutional regulations include the TRAP regulation that limits the type of facilities that can provide abortions, and statutes relating to informed consent and mandatory waiting periods. Thus, the outlook following the Court’s ruling in Whole Woman’s Health looked, if not bright, then at least hopeful for reproductive rights. That changed, though, with the Court’s 2018 ruling in …

Assessing Risk Factors For Esophageal Cancer, Mahadev Rao Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) stands the 6th most frequent cause of death due to cancer worldwide.It is mainly classified into mainly Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The incidence extends from Eastern to Central Asia. Although there are advances in the management and treatment of EC patients, the generaloutcome is very poor. It is mainly because of the diagnosis during its advanced stages and due to the absence of early clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is an important health challenge .A clear picture regarding the risk factors and other patient demographics may help to improve the management of …

Preliminary Study Of Modeling And Simulation Technology Oriented To Neo-Type Artificial Intelligent Systems, Libo Hu, Xudong Chai, Zhang Lin, Li Tan, Duzheng Qing, Tingyu Lin, Liu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A brief interpretation of the rapidly developing “New Internet+ Big Data+ Artificial Intelligence+” era is given in the paperand the essence and the architectureof neo-type artificial intelligence systems are explained. The meaning of neo-type artificial intelligence system oriented modelling and simulation technology is proposed and the new challenges they are facing are discussed. The research contents and preliminaryresults on neo-type artificial intelligence system oriented modelling and simulation technology are given, which includeneo-type artificial intelligence system oriented modelling/secondary modelling, intelligent simulation computer, smart cloud simulation and intelligent simulation hardware/software supporting system technology, and intelligent simulation system application engineering technology. Several …

Executive Search, Office Of The President

UNM HLC 2018-19 Assurance Argument Evidence

Information on the university efforts to fill key administrative positions in 2019, as it is available on executivesearch.unm.edu. The screenshots here show the three main positions looking to be filled: the Provost and EVP for Academic Affairs, the Vice President for Equity and Inclusion, and the Senior Vice President, Finance and Administration. Each position has a tentative schedule, and included here are also position overview documents for two of the searches.

Diagnosis Of Leprosy Using Sural Nerve Biopsy Findings: A Case Report, Bridgette M. Love, Deana Mercer, Amber West, Karen S. Santacruz, Elizabeth A. Mikola

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Leprosy, also known as Hansen disease, is an uncommon chronic disease caused by the slowly growing acid-fast bacilli, Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy has tropism for peripheral nerves and skin and can also be found in the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and nasal mucosa. When left untreated, there can be considerable nerve damage resulting in paralysis, blindness, and the crippling of hands and feet. Although infrequent in the United States, leprosy has been diagnosed in patients exposed to armadillos, an animal reservoir. We describe an 80-year-old man who presented with a 6-year history of chronic erythematous, macular rash, and progressive symmetric sensory …