Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (811)
- Environmental Studies (650)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (396)
- Environmental Sciences (335)
- Arts and Humanities (305)
-
- Life Sciences (252)
- Anthropology (217)
- Geography (194)
- History (171)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (146)
- Education (144)
- Sociology (129)
- American Studies (128)
- History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (126)
- Archaeological Anthropology (125)
- Sustainability (124)
- United States History (122)
- Environmental Policy (118)
- Other American Studies (117)
- Other Arts and Humanities (117)
- American Material Culture (115)
- Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (115)
- Environmental Education (111)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (85)
- Other Environmental Sciences (83)
- Physical and Environmental Geography (80)
- Engineering (79)
- Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment (79)
- Communication (78)
- International and Area Studies (74)
- Institution
-
- Stephen F. Austin State University (119)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (72)
- University of Montana (69)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (51)
- Wofford College (46)
-
- University of Louisville (42)
- Montclair State University (37)
- Ohio University (36)
- Claremont Colleges (33)
- Gettysburg College (32)
- Portland State University (30)
- San Jose State University (29)
- Lindenwood University (28)
- University of Richmond (28)
- Utah State University (28)
- University of New Hampshire (27)
- Chulalongkorn University (25)
- Fordham University (25)
- Wilfrid Laurier University (24)
- University of South Florida (21)
- Bates College (20)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (20)
- Edith Cowan University (20)
- University of New Mexico (19)
- Valparaiso University (19)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (18)
- Clark University (17)
- Universitas Indonesia (17)
- Boise State University (15)
- Cal Poly Humboldt (14)
- Keyword
-
- Archaeology (116)
- Texas (102)
- Climate change (61)
- Environment (59)
- Sustainability (59)
-
- Envirome (40)
- Sustain (40)
- Agriculture (19)
- Conservation (19)
- Climate Change (15)
- Pollution (14)
- Renewable energy (14)
- Bexar County (12)
- Caddo (12)
- Conservation of natural resources -- Economic aspects (12)
- Environmental economics (12)
- GIS (12)
- Gettysburg College (12)
- Hydrology (12)
- Newspaper (12)
- Climate (11)
- Community (11)
- History (11)
- United States (11)
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies (10)
- College of Arts & Sciences Themes (10)
- Environmental justice (10)
- Flooding (10)
- Policy (10)
- Solar energy (10)
- Publication
-
- Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State (115)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (49)
- Sustain Magazine (40)
- Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses (28)
- Journal of International and Global Studies (28)
-
- The Fierce Green Fire (28)
- Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers (26)
- United States National Park Service: Publications (26)
- Applied Environmental Research (24)
- Student Theses 2015-Present (24)
- Theses and Dissertations (20)
- Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) (18)
- Midwest Social Sciences Journal (17)
- Forest Collaborative Research (16)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works (15)
- OHIO News Articles Archive (15)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi (15)
- Theses & ETDs (14)
- All Forum Articles (13)
- Faculty Publications (13)
- Community Engaged Research Reports (12)
- Honors Theses (12)
- Master's Theses (12)
- Commencement Programs (11)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (11)
- Environmental Studies Faculty Publications (11)
- Landscapes: the Journal of the International Centre for Landscape and Language (11)
- Media Guides (11)
- Pomona Senior Theses (11)
- Sustainability and Social Justice (11)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1441 - 1470 of 1772
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Pre-Existing Conditions: Christianity, Identity, Gender, And Bodily Autonomy, Alice Corinne Leavengood
Pre-Existing Conditions: Christianity, Identity, Gender, And Bodily Autonomy, Alice Corinne Leavengood
Theses & ETDs
This art project is a culmination of research in Medieval and Gothic Christian culture, coupled with contemporary politics and social commentary on gender, identity, sexual freedom, and reproductive rights. Through an examination of the culture wars and development of the Religious Right and rise of anti-abortion propaganda, my thesis explores political iconography as a way to reaffirm personal freedom relating to gender, identity, and reproductive rights. Stained glass windows are simulated through screen printing on Plexiglass, a new technique of my own creation. Depicting narratives concerning the oppression of queer and female-bodied people and the need for the feminist and …
Undergraduate Academic Programs Overview 2019, Nova Southeastern University
Undergraduate Academic Programs Overview 2019, Nova Southeastern University
Undergraduate Programs Course Catalogs
No abstract provided.
Arboretum Annual Report 2019, Miles Schwartz Sax
Evaluation Of Sociodemographic Factors And Presence Of Oil And Gas Waste Disposal Wells In Kansas, Katherine Rose Wolf
Evaluation Of Sociodemographic Factors And Presence Of Oil And Gas Waste Disposal Wells In Kansas, Katherine Rose Wolf
Public Health Theses
Background and objective: Kansas hosts the second-largest number of wells in the United States for the disposal of oil and gas waste (n = 13,396), which can contain chemicals toxic to human health. In this study we evaluate potential associations between oil and gas waste disposal well locations and sociodemographic characteristics in Kansas.
Methods: We obtained oil and gas production and disposal well data from the Kansas Geological Survey and sociodemographic data at the census block group level from the United States 2013–2017 American Community Survey. We used two-variable t-tests, logistic regression with and without thin plate spatial splines, and …
Wildlife Viewing: The Impact Of Money-Back Guarantees, Takahiro Kubo, Taro Mieno, Koichi Kuriyama
Wildlife Viewing: The Impact Of Money-Back Guarantees, Takahiro Kubo, Taro Mieno, Koichi Kuriyama
Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications
Wildlife sightings are not always guaranteed. To address this risk, tour operators often offer a money-back guarantee as a refund mechanism. However, studies have overlooked the influences of such refund mechanisms on tourists' tour participation decisions and tourism revenue. We conducted choice experiments to examine the impact of such mechanisms using a case of Amami rabbit tourism in Japan. We found that the guarantee significantly influences the tourists’ decision-making and tour revenue. In particular, we found that the expected tourist participation rate and tour guide revenue vary drastically depending on the probability of the rabbit encounter. The maximum expected revenue …
Gonzaga University Factbook 2019-20, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University
Gonzaga University Factbook 2019-20, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University
Institutional Research
The Gonzaga University Factbook contains information on student enrollments, demographic profiles, admissions statistics, majors, retention and graduation rates, degree completions, faculty information, and more. It is updated annually with the most current and commonly-needed information about Gonzaga University.
2018-2019 Michigan Council Of Charter School Authorizers (Mccsa) Annual Report, Bay Mills Community College, Central Michigan University, Detroit Public Schools Community District, Saginaw Valley State University, Oakland University, Northern Michigan University, Lake Superior State University, Grand Valley State University, Eastern Michigan University, Ferris State University
2018-2019 Michigan Council Of Charter School Authorizers (Mccsa) Annual Report, Bay Mills Community College, Central Michigan University, Detroit Public Schools Community District, Saginaw Valley State University, Oakland University, Northern Michigan University, Lake Superior State University, Grand Valley State University, Eastern Michigan University, Ferris State University
Related Reports
No abstract provided.
Understanding Barriers And Opportunities For Adoption Of Conservation Practices On Rented Farmland In The Us, Pranay Ranjan, Chloe B. Wardropper, Francis R. Eanes, Sheila M.W. Reddy, Seth C. Harden, Yuta J. Masuda, Linda S. Prokopy
Understanding Barriers And Opportunities For Adoption Of Conservation Practices On Rented Farmland In The Us, Pranay Ranjan, Chloe B. Wardropper, Francis R. Eanes, Sheila M.W. Reddy, Seth C. Harden, Yuta J. Masuda, Linda S. Prokopy
All Faculty Scholarship
Agricultural conservation programs often focus on farm operators when promoting conservation practices. However, much of U.S. farmland is owned by landowners not directly involved in farm operations. Rental arrangements on these lands can dis-incentivize the adoption of conservation practices that could improve soil health, water quality, and land values. To date, agricultural conservation policy has largely ignored the role of non-operating landowners (NOLs) and rental arrangements. We help improve the evidence-base for policy by identifying barriers to adoption of conservation practices on rented farmlands. Analysis of forty interviews with NOLs, operators, farm managers and university extension personnel in Iowa, Illinois, …
University Of New Hampshire Graduate Academic Catalog, 2019-2020, University Of New Hampshire
University Of New Hampshire Graduate Academic Catalog, 2019-2020, University Of New Hampshire
Graduate Catalog
No abstract provided.
Mapa De Amenazas A Territorios Indígenas Y Áreas Protegidas En Las Fronteras Amazónicas En Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Mapa De Amenazas A Territorios Indígenas Y Áreas Protegidas En Las Fronteras Amazónicas En Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Geography and the Environment Maps
Mapa de Amenazas a Territorios Indígenas y Áreas protegidas en las fronteras amazónicas en Ucayali y Madre de Dios (Perú) y Acre (Brasil)
Map of Threats to Indigenous Territories and Protected Areas at the Amazonian borders in Ucayali and Madre de Dios (Peru) and Acre (Brazil)
Mapa De Zonas Vulnerables En Las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Mapa De Zonas Vulnerables En Las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Geography and the Environment Maps
Mapa de Zonas Vulnerables en las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali y Madre de Dios (Perú) y Acre (Brasil)
Map of Vulnerable Areas in the Amazonian Borders Ucayali and Madre de Dios (Peru) and Acre (Brazil)
Mapa De Territorios Indígenas Y Áreas Naturales Protegidas En Las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Mapa De Territorios Indígenas Y Áreas Naturales Protegidas En Las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali Y Madre De Dios (Perú) Y Acre (Brasil), Gtaso, David S. Salisbury Et Al.
Geography and the Environment Maps
Mapa de Territorios Indígenas y Áreas Naturales Protegidas en las Fronteras Amazónicas Ucayali y Madre de Dios (Perú) y Acre (Brasil)
Map of Indigenous Territories and Protected Natural Areas in the Amazonian Borders Ucayali and Madre de Dios (Peru) and Acre (Brazil)
Doc 2019-01 Proposal For Bachelor Of Science In Sustainability, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences
Doc 2019-01 Proposal For Bachelor Of Science In Sustainability, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences
Senate Documents
Legislative Authority
Contains:
1. Rationale for the New Degree Program
2. Description of the Impact on Other Programs and Departments
3. Prospective Enrollment
4. Attraction and Retention of Underrepresented Student Groups
5. Evidence of Industry Need and Employability of Graduates
6. Identification of Similar University Programs and Peer Institutions
7. Description of Proposed Curriculum
8. Review of resource Availability and Adequacy
9. Projected Additional Investment and Evidence of Capacity
Great South Bay, Long Island, New York Summer Phytoplankton Identification & Monitoring Program, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Kyle F. Maurelli
Great South Bay, Long Island, New York Summer Phytoplankton Identification & Monitoring Program, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Kyle F. Maurelli
CERCOM Reports
Phytoplankton Collection Methodologies: 80 micron Plankton Tow Net with sample bottle attachment
Phytoplankton Protocol: 1.Gather Samples 2.Make one slide per sample 3.View slides using microscope connected with computer 4. Record findings using “ Row # “ and “ Colum letter “ 5. Record using “ Tally’s “ per species found within sample 6. Capture anything interesting “ Take Picture “ 7.Duplicate pictures taken 8.Make sure measurement of species found is taken 9. Email Jennifer Maucher at [email protected] , include pictures, questions and names of the species you “guess” you found.
2019 Idea Of Nature Public Lecture Series Schedule (Flyer), Samantha Harvey
2019 Idea Of Nature Public Lecture Series Schedule (Flyer), Samantha Harvey
The Idea of Nature Public Lecture Series
The goal of the series is to promote interdisciplinary inquiry about the environment and to foster dialogue across the campus and community, based on the premise that big questions need interdisciplinary answers.
How are conceptions of nature expressed in the sciences, literature, art, philosophy, music and other disciplines? How did ideas of nature change from 1660 to the present, a period of radical change and revolution?
These lectures are free and open to the public and will be followed by a reception with a no-host bar and appetizers.
Extraction Of High-Purity Silica From Rice Husk Via Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Treatment, Seitkhan Azat, Zhanar Sartova, Kalampyr Bekseitova, Kydyr Askaruly
Extraction Of High-Purity Silica From Rice Husk Via Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Treatment, Seitkhan Azat, Zhanar Sartova, Kalampyr Bekseitova, Kydyr Askaruly
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
The present paper aimed at the investigation of the effect of preliminary acid treatment on the structure and purity of extracted silica. In this study, the acid leaching of rice husk (RH) in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution before the calcination process at 600 $^{\circ}$C was proposed to achieve completely white silica with high specific surface area and low content of impurities. RH, selected from the Almaty Region, Kyzylorda Region, and Turkestan Region was used as the main silica source. The results confirmed that the highest purity (98.2%-99.7%) amorphous silica with a specific surface area between 120 and 980 m$^{2}$ …
Preparation And Physicochemical Characterization Of Zinc Oxide/Sodium Cellulose Composite For Food Packaging, Sherif Mohamed Abdel Salam Keshk, Mohamed Saad Hamdy
Preparation And Physicochemical Characterization Of Zinc Oxide/Sodium Cellulose Composite For Food Packaging, Sherif Mohamed Abdel Salam Keshk, Mohamed Saad Hamdy
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
Zinc oxide/sodium cellulose composite with different ZnO loadings was prepared for the first time. The crystal structures of cellulose, sodium cellulose, and ZnO/sodium cellulose composite were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDX. ZnO/sodium cellulose showed a similar XRD pattern to that of cellulose II. The XPS spectrum emphasized the presence of Zn$^{2+}$ and Na$^{+\, }$ ions in the prepared composite. Additionally, the SEM analysis showed the growth of ZnO crystals on the sodium cellulose surface. UV-Vis spectrometry of the ZnO/sodium cellulose spectrum showed a distinguished absorption band at 360 nm that was attributed to the presence of ZnO …
From Paris To Projects Clarifying The Implications Of Canada’S Climate Change Mitigation Commitments For The Planning And Assessment Of Projects And Strategic Undertakings (Summary Report), Robert B. Gibson, Karine Peloffy, Daniel Horen Greenford, Meinhard Doelle, H Damon Matthews, Christian Holz, Kiri Staples, Bradley Wiseman, Frédérique Grenier
From Paris To Projects Clarifying The Implications Of Canada’S Climate Change Mitigation Commitments For The Planning And Assessment Of Projects And Strategic Undertakings (Summary Report), Robert B. Gibson, Karine Peloffy, Daniel Horen Greenford, Meinhard Doelle, H Damon Matthews, Christian Holz, Kiri Staples, Bradley Wiseman, Frédérique Grenier
Reports & Public Policy Documents
By signing the Paris Agreement, Canada made a commitment to do our fair share to limit global average temperature rise to “well below 2°C” relative to pre-industrial levels, and to pursue “efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C.” The federal Impact Assessment Act that is now before Parliament requires consideration of whether assessed undertakings would “hinder or contribute to” meeting Canada’s climate change commitments.
So far, however, Canada has done little to define what the Paris Agreement entails for planning, assessment and decision making on projects and other undertakings with significant implications for meeting the Paris commitments. That leaves a …
4dee—What's Next? Designing Instruction And Assessing Student Learning, Luanna Prevost, Amanda E. Sorensen, Jennifer H. Doherty, Diane Ebert-May, Bob Pohlad
4dee—What's Next? Designing Instruction And Assessing Student Learning, Luanna Prevost, Amanda E. Sorensen, Jennifer H. Doherty, Diane Ebert-May, Bob Pohlad
Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Sponge Spicule And Phytolith Evidence For Late Quaternary Environmental Changes In The Tropical Pantanal Wetlands Of Western Brazil, Giliane G. Rasbold, Michael M. Mcglue, José C. Stevaux, Mauro Parolin, Aguinaldo Silva, Ivan Bergier
Sponge Spicule And Phytolith Evidence For Late Quaternary Environmental Changes In The Tropical Pantanal Wetlands Of Western Brazil, Giliane G. Rasbold, Michael M. Mcglue, José C. Stevaux, Mauro Parolin, Aguinaldo Silva, Ivan Bergier
Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications
The environmental history of the central Pantanal wetlands of western Brazil is inferred for the last 19 kyrs based on a multi-indicator paleolimnological analysis of a sediment core from Lake Negra. The core, dated by 14 C and OSL, shows variations in the abundance, diversity, and preservation of sponge spicules and phytoliths through time, consistent with changing aquatic environments. In the late Pleistocene, Lake Negra was influenced by a strong monsoon and fluvial depositional processes, whereas in the Holocene, there was a drier interval where the lake was more isolated on the floodplain. Hiatuses in the stratigraphy resulted from both …
Doc 2019-02 Bachelor Of Arts In Sustainability, Full Proposal, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences
Doc 2019-02 Bachelor Of Arts In Sustainability, Full Proposal, University Of Dayton. College Of Arts And Sciences
Senate Documents
Legislative Authority.
Contains:
1. Rationale for the New Degree Program
2. Description of the Impact on Other Programs and Departments
3. Prospective Enrollment
4. Attraction and Retention of Underrepresented Student Groups
5. Evidence of Industry Need and Employability of Graduates
6. Identification of Similar University Programs and Peer Institutions
7. Description of Proposed Curriculum
8. Review of resource Availability and Adequacy
9. Projected Additional Investment and Evidence of Capacity
We Love Or Hate When Celebrities Speak Up About Climate Change: Receptivity To Celebrity Involvement In Environmental Campaigns, Sejung Park
2019 Faculty Bibliography
This study investigates public receptivity to celebrity's climate change advocacy on YouTube through a semantic network analysis. The results of this study suggest that the YouTube video generated a number of viewers' responses. Celebrity endorsement not only leaded public voices on climate change issue, but also their opinions on the celebrity endorser. This study found that most of viewers were polarized in their judgment and attitude toward the celebrity advocate either positively or negatively. This study offers an exploratory examination of the perceived star power and the role of celebrities as spokespersons for social causes. This study contributes to the …
Celebrating Student Scholarship With An Undergraduate Research Prize, Kevin Ross, Carolyn Radcliff, Talia Cain
Celebrating Student Scholarship With An Undergraduate Research Prize, Kevin Ross, Carolyn Radcliff, Talia Cain
Library Books and Book Chapters
"The Leatherby Libraries at Chapman University started its research prize contest for undergraduate students in 2007. Having reached the tenth anniversary of the contest, we are well positioned to reflect on how the contest has changed in concert with new ways of inquiry and information creation and on its role in supporting and honoring student research. A decade of experience has taught us how to diversify the contest and reflect collectively on its merits. In this chapter, we present a case study of how the Kevin and Tam Ross Undergraduate Research Prize (URP) recognizes and honors student scholarship. We explain …
Rights To The River: Implementing A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis In The United States Hydropower Relicensing Process, Claire Wendle
Rights To The River: Implementing A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis In The United States Hydropower Relicensing Process, Claire Wendle
Scripps Senior Theses
Private hydropower operations across the United States are utilizing a public resource, rivers, for power production benefits. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission regulates river use through a relicensing procedure that occurs every thirty or fifty years through a cost-benefit analysis framework to determine the best public use of the river. This thesis explores the structure of the current cost-benefit analysis and the effects of timing, public participation and valuation of ecosystem services in the final relicensing decision, and recommends the use of a social cost-benefit framework to distribute the natural resource benefits rivers provide more equally and give fair weight …
Montanan, Winter 2019, University Of Montana--Missoula
Montanan, Winter 2019, University Of Montana--Missoula
Montanan Magazine, 1969-2024
This is the magazine of the University of Montana with news about the University for UM alumni as well as current faculty, students, staff, and administrators. This is volume 36, number 1.
Michigan Climate Assessment 2019: Considering Michigan's Future In A Changing Climate, Thomas Kovacs, Kimberly Barrett
Michigan Climate Assessment 2019: Considering Michigan's Future In A Changing Climate, Thomas Kovacs, Kimberly Barrett
Michigan Climate Assessment
No abstract provided.
Stable Isotope Ratios And Speleothem Chronology From A High-Elevation Alpine Cave, Southern San Juan Mountains, Colorado (Usa): Evidence For Substantial Deglaciation As Early As 13.5 Ka, Ray Kenny
KIP Articles
No abstract provided.
The Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources In Egypt's Ecotourism Hotspots / الاستخدام المستدام للموارد الطبيعية في أماكن جذب السياحة البيئية في مصر, Menna Moataz Elsehrawy, Omneya Nagib Ibrahim, Yara Ali Moustafa, Yousra Osama Taha
The Sustainable Use Of Natural Resources In Egypt's Ecotourism Hotspots / الاستخدام المستدام للموارد الطبيعية في أماكن جذب السياحة البيئية في مصر, Menna Moataz Elsehrawy, Omneya Nagib Ibrahim, Yara Ali Moustafa, Yousra Osama Taha
Papers, Posters, and Presentations
This paper focuses on ecotourism in Egypt, and its current challenges. Based on the analysis of current policies, different stakeholders, and challenges as well as opportunities within the ecotourism sector, this policy paper --targeting the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency and requiring collaboration from the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism-- provides a set of recommendations.
After The Storm: How Environmental Racism Impacted The United States’ Response To Hurricane Maria, Hadley Ankrum
After The Storm: How Environmental Racism Impacted The United States’ Response To Hurricane Maria, Hadley Ankrum
Student Theses 2015-Present
In September of 2017, disaster struck the territory of Puerto Rico when Hurricane Maria made landfall on the island. Although the storm itself caused tremendous damage to both the residents and the environment of Puerto Rico, the inadequate responses of both the United States federal government and local Puerto Rican politicians greatly exacerbated this devastation. This paper examines the efforts of the American government to ameliorate the issues created by the storm through the lens of environmental racism. The introduction will explore the events of the hurricane in order to give the reader context. Chapter 1 draws from the Millennium …
Litter Carbon Pool Variation Between Restored And Disturbed Coastal Habitats In Manatee County Florida, Angela Mctigue
Litter Carbon Pool Variation Between Restored And Disturbed Coastal Habitats In Manatee County Florida, Angela Mctigue
Theses & ETDs
Coastal ecosystems provide key services, such as carbon storage, but compete with development in natural areas. For this reason, increasing their value requires restoring coastal habitats that have been degraded. After the ecosystem has been restored, a goal is that it will start to store more carbon in its soils over time. Specifically, in this thesis I sought to see if litter mass and decomposition change over time in restored habitats, and if litter mass and decomposition change between restored and disturbed habitats. By using the Tea Bag Index, and analyzing the litter fall in respective disturbed and restored habitats …