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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 58047
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Simulation And Analysis Of Supplying Station Line Selection And Impact With Real Information, Qiguang Lü, Maozeng Xu, Zhou Xiang
Simulation And Analysis Of Supplying Station Line Selection And Impact With Real Information, Qiguang Lü, Maozeng Xu, Zhou Xiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The choice of routes and target stations of energy supply vehicles may lead to the demand cluster at the station and then induce traffic congestion, so it's necessary to analyze the effect of different choices of route and station. Based on the traffic real information, a multi-objective integer programming model is proposed in this paper, in which energy consumption and travel time of energy constrained vehicle is the optimization objective, and a two-stage genetic algorithm which aims to find optimal the route and station is designed. The simulation results based on the emPlant show that the optimal route …
Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min
Research On Topology Mapping Method For Multiscale Integration Network Emulation, Liu Yuan, Changling Qiu, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiang Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For large-scale and scalable network emulation requirements, multi-scale integration emulation based on lightweight virtualization and full virtualization is the trend. In order to take into account the advantages of both virtualizations and enhance the performance of network emulation, a topology mapping method (TMMI) is proposed for multi-scale integration network emulation. This method divides the network topology into lightweight virtualization mapping area and integration virtualization mapping area, and according to different mapping areas uses the optimized multi-level partitioning method to map the network topology reasonably. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively balance the load and communication overhead …
Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu
Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The bistable nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BNEVEH) is used as a vibration absorber to absorb harmful vibration and transfer it into useful electric energy. The mechanical model and governing equation of the main system with BNEVEH are established. The effect of Gauss white noise intensity on large amplitude motion is analyzed by simulations. And the effect law of mass ratio and tuning frequency ratio on the vibration reduction of the main system and power generation of bistable vibration absorber under Gauss white noise excitation is analyzed from the point of vibration reduction and vibration energy harvesting. The optimal …
Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li
Low-Complexity Signal Detection Algorithm Based On Pgqsm, Fatang Chen, Yang Kang, Yongli Fu, Mengjie Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation (PGQSM) uses the known channel state information to perform pre-coding processing on the in-phase and quadrature signals of the quadrature spatial modulation (QSM), so as to reduce the complexity of the receiver for signal detection. At the same time, an improved Pre-coding aided Generalized Quadrature Spatial Modulation low complexity detection algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the proposed algorithm’s high complexity at the receiver. The results of analysis and simulation show that the proposed algorithm can achieve almost the same BER performance as the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm with more than …
Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui
Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Linear active disturbance rejection control has many parameters and it is difficult to obtain appropriate parameters. Therefore, a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cosine decreasing function is proposed in this article for searching optimal LADRC parameters. In this algorithm, cosine decreasing function and updated equation of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined. By using the variable characteristic of cosine decreasing function with the increase of iteration times, the original global optimization ability of quantum particle swarm optimization is retained and its poor local optimization ability is overcome. And the simulation results show that the LADRC optimized …
Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan
Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the uncertainty of grid cyber physical systems leads to chain failure, an adaptive GCPS dispatching model based on co-actuator is established. First, the constraint conditions of the system are analyzed. A model constraints of GCPS system is presented to describe the constraint conditions of the power system, and it is proved that it meets the consistency of the measure and representing methods. Second, the optimal value of approximation error is solved by PILOT, and the framework of CA-SADM is described. Finally, the performance index, output power accuracy and the influence of fault on the …
Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang
Analysis On The Mission Reliability For Auv Based On Monte Carlo Method, Li Juan, Kunyu Zhang, Haibo Li, Lijuan Yang, Mengdi Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The high reliability of AUV is the necessary condition for it to complete the task satisfactorily and efficiently within the specified time. Traditional fault tree is very convenient for describing the reliability model of the system, but for large and complex system, this will significantly increase the computation of reliability parameters, thus the calculation is difficult. Because it to calculate the reliability parameters of complex systems by the traditional fault tree, this paper adopts the method of combining the minimum cut set of fault tree and Monte Carlo method to establish the reliability model for Underwater Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle …
College Of Business News, Georgia Southern University
College Of Business News, Georgia Southern University
College of Business: News & Publications
- Georgia Southern graduate students gain real-world experience through mock trial
Localized Dielectric Loss Heating In Dielectrophoresis Devices, Tae Joon Kwak, Imtiaz Hossen, Rashid Bashir, Woo-Jin Chang, Chung-Hoon Lee
Localized Dielectric Loss Heating In Dielectrophoresis Devices, Tae Joon Kwak, Imtiaz Hossen, Rashid Bashir, Woo-Jin Chang, Chung-Hoon Lee
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications
Temperature increases during dielectrophoresis (DEP) can affect the response of biological entities, and ignoring the effect can result in misleading analysis. The heating mechanism of a DEP device is typically considered to be the result of Joule heating and is overlooked without an appropriate analysis. Our experiment and analysis indicate that the heating mechanism is due to the dielectric loss (Debye relaxation). A temperature increase between interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) has been measured with an integrated micro temperature sensor between IDEs to be as high as 70 °C at 1.5 MHz with a 30 Vpp applied voltage to our ultra-low …
Essential Policy Design Elements For Statewide Child Development Accounts, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden, Sondra G. Beverly
Essential Policy Design Elements For Statewide Child Development Accounts, Margaret M. Clancy, Michael Sherraden, Sondra G. Beverly
Center for Social Development Research
This Fact Sheet defines 10 essential and well-established design elements of state CDA legislation. Several states have adopted CDA policies, some by legislation and others by administrative rule, all using their 529 plans as the financial platform. Those interested in creating a statewide policy can view a full discussion and documentation of sample legislation in full in the Policy Summary from which this work is adapted.
How Foot Voting Enhances Political Freedom, Ilya Somin
How Foot Voting Enhances Political Freedom, Ilya Somin
San Diego Law Review
To the extent we value political freedom in any significant sense, we should also assign a high value to foot voting. Freedom of choice through foot voting, and the freedom of movement that make it possible, cannot be absolute principles that always trump other considerations. But there should be at least a substantial presumption in their favor.
My analysis also emphasizes the fundamental similarity between three different types of foot voting that are usually considered to be very different from each other: interjurisdictional foot voting in federal systems, foot voting through international migration, and foot voting in the private sector. …
Analysis Of Transition Processes In Power Systems With Hydroenergetic Istallations, O.Y. Nurmatov, S. K. Matkarimov
Analysis Of Transition Processes In Power Systems With Hydroenergetic Istallations, O.Y. Nurmatov, S. K. Matkarimov
Technical science and innovation
This article is presented an overview of hydro mechanical and electromechanical processes. Little attention was paid to the study of these two areas at the same time. The two directions above are the results of a simultaneous study. A joint study of these components of a single process received little attention. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn on the effect of AER (automatic excitation regulator) on the damped operational parameters and ensuring the stable operation of hydropower plants. The results can be used in the reconstruction of existing and designing new pumping stations, so transients are considered for a certain range …
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Phosphate Cation-Exchange Resin, U.I. Sharipova, Kh.L. Pulatov, R.A. Nazirova, B.Sh. Kedel’Baev
Physico-Chemical Properties Of Phosphate Cation-Exchange Resin, U.I. Sharipova, Kh.L. Pulatov, R.A. Nazirova, B.Sh. Kedel’Baev
Technical science and innovation
There are investigated sorption and desorption characteristics of phosphate cation-exchange resin among metals: copper, nickel, cobalt, an uranyl-ion depending on pH-environment, the ionic form of cation-exchange resin, concentration of investigated cations. Interaction of cation-exchange resin in Na- and H-forms with solutions of salts sulphate of copper, nickel, cobalt, chloride sodium, calcium and nitrate of uranyl is studied. It is shown, that ions of copper, nickel, cobalt and an uranyl-ion by phosphate cation-exchange resin sorb at the expense of an ionic exchange and partially at the expense of formation of coordination communications with ionogenic group of cation-exchange resin. A study of …
University Of Northern Iowa Secondary Teacher Education Senate Meeting Minutes, December 12, 2019, University Of Northern Iowa. Secondary Teacher Education Senate.
University Of Northern Iowa Secondary Teacher Education Senate Meeting Minutes, December 12, 2019, University Of Northern Iowa. Secondary Teacher Education Senate.
Documents - Secondary Senate
Meeting minutes from the Secondary Teacher Education Senate of the University of Northern Iowa.
"Awareness And Access To Mobile Applications In An Academic Library", Sk Abdul Gaffar, Dr.S. Kishore Kumar
"Awareness And Access To Mobile Applications In An Academic Library", Sk Abdul Gaffar, Dr.S. Kishore Kumar
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Smartphones and Mobile applications are considered as one of the dominant communication tools in every walk of life whether it is for general or professional communication in education domain. The smartphone of different kinds with powerful features through applications is available in the market; which can also be used in an academic library to promote library activities and services for the benefit of fraternity and research output. To enable such services, mobile applications related to library play a vital role in disseminating information to the users over smartphones. The purpose of this study is to find out the awareness, access, …
Mindfulness And Well-Being: A Mixed Methods Study Of Bilingual Guided Meditation In Higher Education, Chieh Li, Qinghong Ann Cai, Simone Elias, Linda Wilson-Jones
Mindfulness And Well-Being: A Mixed Methods Study Of Bilingual Guided Meditation In Higher Education, Chieh Li, Qinghong Ann Cai, Simone Elias, Linda Wilson-Jones
Journal of Research Initiatives
This mixed-methods study investigated the acceptability and outcomes of a mindful approach to teaching a foreign language in higher education institutions. The approach included Bilingual Guided Meditation (BGM®) in the classroom to reduce students’ anxiety and foster a positive mindset. The BGM program combines bilingual positive suggestions with guided meditation and relaxing background music. Results indicated that the BGM may reduce anxiety and can improve academic performance.
Leadership Theories And United States Demographic Shifts: Responsiveness In The Workplace, Sherry H. Latten, Jonathan Perez
Leadership Theories And United States Demographic Shifts: Responsiveness In The Workplace, Sherry H. Latten, Jonathan Perez
Journal of Research Initiatives
As the United States becomes increasingly more diverse, it is imperative that organizations consider the implications of their leadership pipeline. Given the differences that can exist by social identity groups in experiences, values, interests, and communications, it raises a question about the responsiveness of current leadership theories to the changing demographics. This article explores the responsiveness of transformational leadership, authentic leadership, and leader-member exchange (LMX) theory to the demographic changes as a means of helping organizations consider how existing leadership norms and theories need to be expanded to encompass the future population of leaders across race, sex, and age.
Language Diversity In The Greek Educational System: Promoting Multilingual Classroom Policies, Xanthippi Foulidi, Marianthi Oikonomakou, Evangelos C. Papakitsos
Language Diversity In The Greek Educational System: Promoting Multilingual Classroom Policies, Xanthippi Foulidi, Marianthi Oikonomakou, Evangelos C. Papakitsos
Journal of Research Initiatives
This study focuses on the position of mother languages in Greek education at the level of educational policy, demonstrating the necessity of their further emergence based on modern scientific findings on the benefits of bilingualism. Through an effort to record a set of obstacles that make it difficult for them to join the curriculum, a framework is proposed to be used for the language repertoire of all pupils, so that their rights are respected in practice and their linguistic richness serves as a source of enrichment for the whole population. The implementation of practices that could enhance the free and …
Distributed Leadership: Theorizing A Mindful Engagement Component, Arij Rached, Simone Elias
Distributed Leadership: Theorizing A Mindful Engagement Component, Arij Rached, Simone Elias
Journal of Research Initiatives
The distributive leader cannot influence organizational performance without taking into consideration the capabilities of team members to achieve a common goal (McIntyre, 2003; Harris, 2003). To leverage the capabilities of teams, distributive leaders need to be mindfully attentive in establishing a collective interpretation of the current organizational situation. However, establishing a collective interpretation may not be effective if distributive leaders do not initially consider the importance of creating group learning environments to engage diverse group members (Ashford & DeRue, 2012). The purpose of this integrative literature review is to explore theoretical and empirical research examining the potential of mindful engagement …
Gantenerumab Reduces Amyloid-Β Plaques In Patients With Prodromal To Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Pet Substudy Interim Analysis, Gregory Klein, Paul Delmar, Nicola Voyle, Sunita Rehal, Carsten Hofmann, Danielle Abi-Saab, Mirjana Andjelkovic, Smiljana Ristic, Guoqiao Wang, Randall Bateman, Geoffrey A Kerchner, Monika Baudler, Paulo Fontoura, Rachelle Doody
Gantenerumab Reduces Amyloid-Β Plaques In Patients With Prodromal To Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Pet Substudy Interim Analysis, Gregory Klein, Paul Delmar, Nicola Voyle, Sunita Rehal, Carsten Hofmann, Danielle Abi-Saab, Mirjana Andjelkovic, Smiljana Ristic, Guoqiao Wang, Randall Bateman, Geoffrey A Kerchner, Monika Baudler, Paulo Fontoura, Rachelle Doody
Open Access Publications
BACKGROUND: We previously investigated low doses (105 or 225 mg) of gantenerumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and removes aggregated amyloid-β by Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, in the SCarlet RoAD (SR) and Marguerite RoAD (MR) phase 3 trials. Several lines of evidence suggested that higher doses may be necessary to achieve clinical efficacy. We therefore designed a positron emission tomography (PET) substudy to evaluate the effect of gantenerumab uptitrated to 1200 mg every 4 weeks on amyloid-β plaques as measured using florbetapir PET in patients with prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS: A subset of patients enrolled in …
The Effects Of Premarital Education Promotion Policies On U.S. Divorce Rates, Tiffany L. Clyde, Jocelyn S. Wikle, Alan J. Hawkins, Spencer L. James
The Effects Of Premarital Education Promotion Policies On U.S. Divorce Rates, Tiffany L. Clyde, Jocelyn S. Wikle, Alan J. Hawkins, Spencer L. James
Faculty Publications
Currently, 10 states have enacted policies to promote premarital education and counseling. However, no research has documented whether these policies have actually decreased divorce rates in implementing states. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of premarital education promotion policies on divorce rates. First, we conducted an implementation study to understand how well each state implemented the policy. A combination of methods was used, including reviewing the legislative documents and archival records, as well as interviewing academics and key persons knowledgeable of the legislation. Following the implementation study, we conducted an evaluation study to analyze the effects …
Bibliometric Analysis Of Indian Contribution In The Research Literature On Artificial Intelligence: A Study, Dr. Kumaran Marimuthu, Dr. M. Tamizhchelvan
Bibliometric Analysis Of Indian Contribution In The Research Literature On Artificial Intelligence: A Study, Dr. Kumaran Marimuthu, Dr. M. Tamizhchelvan
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
The present research paper pertains to the bibliometric analysis of literature on Artificial Intelligence during the year 1986-2015. The main objectives of the research work are to explore the academic research/review publication contributed by the Scientists and Subject experts from the Engineering background. The data/information used in this study has been proclaimed from the online database “Scopus”. The following terms were used as keywords to retrieve the data from the “Scopus” are (TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH (artificial intelligence) AND PUBYEAR > 1985 AND PUBYEAR < 2015 AND (LIMIT-TO (SUBJAREA,"ENGI”))). The study has revealed and discussed on the major parameters of yearly publication, citation pattern, a bibliographic form of publication, highly contributed authors, top-ranking authors, etc. The foremost results of our study have found that during the study period 2676 research publications were contributed by the Indian authors in the Engineering discipline.
Study On Image Seeking Behaviour Of Iranian Architects At Shahid Beheshti University, Amir Reza Asnafi, Mohsen Hajizeinolabedini, Faezeh Ahmadipour
Study On Image Seeking Behaviour Of Iranian Architects At Shahid Beheshti University, Amir Reza Asnafi, Mohsen Hajizeinolabedini, Faezeh Ahmadipour
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Access to the required information in all available scientific disciplines is one of the most important factors in the survival of that field. In the architecture field, the type of information format differs from other disciplines. In this field, images are important for performing architectural activities as well as training. The purpose of this study was to identify the behavior of image in the architecture of Shahid Beheshti University. Therefore, by reviewing related retrieval texts, information behavior, image retrieval, and architecture, the discovery of the importance of the image in this field and the features of image retrieval and image …
Others' Publications About Ehdi: May 2019 Through November 2019
Others' Publications About Ehdi: May 2019 Through November 2019
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
No abstract provided.
Access To Pediatric Audiological Evaluation Facilities For Infants And Young Children In The United States: Results From The Ehdi-Pals System, Naveen K. Nagaraj, Emilee Mertens, Beula Magimairaj, Randi Winston Gerson, John Whicker, Karl R. White
Access To Pediatric Audiological Evaluation Facilities For Infants And Young Children In The United States: Results From The Ehdi-Pals System, Naveen K. Nagaraj, Emilee Mertens, Beula Magimairaj, Randi Winston Gerson, John Whicker, Karl R. White
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention - Pediatric Audiology Links to Services (EHDI-PALS) is a web-based national directory of pediatric audiology facilities in the United States, created by an expert committee and launched in October 2012. In this study, data from 1,232 audiology facilities were analyzed to identify the number of registered facilities, types of diagnostic hearing tests offered, and the number of children under 5 years of age who were diagnosed with hearing loss. Some states had almost 15 times as many registered facilities as other states, suggesting that access to quality diagnostic hearing testing for infants and young children …
Supporting Families Of A Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Child: Key Findings From A National Needs Assessment, Alyson C. Ward, Vicki Hunting, Diane D. Behl
Supporting Families Of A Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing Child: Key Findings From A National Needs Assessment, Alyson C. Ward, Vicki Hunting, Diane D. Behl
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
This article reports findings from a national needs assessment to ascertain the needs of families of young children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), and what supports, resources and opportunities Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs and EHDI-contracted Family-based Organizations (FBOs) were providing to families. Results were intended to guide the activities of a federally funded technical assistance center charged with promoting Family Leadership in Language & Learning for families of children who are DHH. There were 458 completed surveys by parents of children who were DHH between the ages of 0-6. Surveys were completed by 56 …
Evaluating Data Quality Of Newborn Hearing Screening, Maria C. Sanchez Gomez, Kelly Dundon, Xidong Deng
Evaluating Data Quality Of Newborn Hearing Screening, Maria C. Sanchez Gomez, Kelly Dundon, Xidong Deng
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
Scope
Jurisdictional-based Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Information Systems (EHDI-IS) collect data on the hearing screening and follow-up status of infants across the United States. These systems serve as tools that assist EHDI programs’ staff and partners in their tracking activities and provide a variety of data reports to help ensure that all children who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH) are identified early and receive recommended intervention services. The quality and timeliness of the data collected with these systems are crucial to effectively meeting these goals.
Methodology
Forty-eight EHDI programs, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), …
Engaging Parents Of Children With Mild Bilateral Or Unilateral Hearing Loss: Counseling Considerations, Karen F. Munoz, Clarissa W. Ong, Michael P. Twohig
Engaging Parents Of Children With Mild Bilateral Or Unilateral Hearing Loss: Counseling Considerations, Karen F. Munoz, Clarissa W. Ong, Michael P. Twohig
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
A notable percentage of children identified with hearing loss through newborn hearing screening have mild bilateral or unilateral hearing loss (MB/UHL). Caregivers’ appropriately strong emotions, fears, and personal struggles may inadvertently interfere with their engagement with audiologists and other professionals, as well as adherence to jointly determined intervention protocols. Researchers have shown variable outcomes for children with MB/UHL, counseling that includes addressing emotional and cognitive factors is essential for effectively engaging parents. The aim of this article is to describe counseling attributes and strategies that providers can incorporate when working with parents of children with MB/UHL to improve parent engagement …
Social Validity Of Technology Assisted Spoken Language Intervention For Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Children, Sandra Grether Phd, Lisa L. Hunter Phd, Robert C. Gibler M.A., Susan Wiley, Bethany Wysocki Au.D., Rajvi Desai Msw, Jareen Meinzen-Derr
Social Validity Of Technology Assisted Spoken Language Intervention For Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Children, Sandra Grether Phd, Lisa L. Hunter Phd, Robert C. Gibler M.A., Susan Wiley, Bethany Wysocki Au.D., Rajvi Desai Msw, Jareen Meinzen-Derr
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
Children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) are at-risk for language delays and associated developmental challenges that impact academic, social, and communication skills. Technology Assisted Language Intervention (TALI) is a novel approach that focuses on using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) as an intervention for children who are DHH. Results from a recent pilot study suggested that TALI may be a viable approach for enhancing spoken language and communication. In this study, we examined the social validity of TALI using interviews and focus groups. We collected qualitative data from parents, caregivers, and professionals working with children who are DHH to …
Assessment Of Factors Involved In Non-Adherence To Infant Hearing Diagnostic Testing, Anita Shanker, Marcia Vanessa Rojas-Ramirez, Julie A. Jacobs, Jennifer B. Shinn, Cathy Lester, Philip M. Westgate, Matthew L. Bush
Assessment Of Factors Involved In Non-Adherence To Infant Hearing Diagnostic Testing, Anita Shanker, Marcia Vanessa Rojas-Ramirez, Julie A. Jacobs, Jennifer B. Shinn, Cathy Lester, Philip M. Westgate, Matthew L. Bush
Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention
Abstract
Introduction: Delayed diagnosis of pediatric hearing loss can cause delays in cognitive and social development. This study described the sociodemographic factors associated with delayed timing of a final hearing diagnosis after an abnormal newborn hearing screening (NBHS). Methods: Parent-infant dyads were recruited after being referred for further audiologic testing on an abnormal result from the NBHS. Results: Of the 53 participants, 55% (n=29) did not receive a final diagnosis by the recommended 3 months of age. Of those with a delayed diagnosis, 45% (n=13) had their first appointment within 3 months, but a delay was caused by an inconclusive …