Digital Commons Network^™

To Preserve Or To Conserve?, Liv Baker

Animal Sentience

Treves et al. propose the notion of trusteeship to help meet our responsibility to nature and individual animals, their homes, cultures, and societies. This proposal is grounded in a real-world framework that reveals how conservation has become distorted by anthropocentrism, human exceptionalism, and ethical hypocrisy.

Police Contact And The Legal Socialization Of Urban Teens, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Amanda Geller

Faculty Scholarship

Contemporary American policing has routinized involuntary police contacts with young people through frequent, sometimes intrusive investigative stops. Personal experience with the police has the potential to corrode adolescents’ relationships with law and skew law-related behaviors. We use the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate how adolescents’ experiences with the police shape their legal socialization. We find that both personal and vicarious police contact are associated with increased legal cynicism. Associations are present across racial groups and are not explained by teens’ behaviors, school settings, or family backgrounds. Legal cynicism is amplified in teens reporting intrusive contact but diminished …

[The Inaugural Issue (2019)], University Of Montana--Missoula. School Of Journalism

Byline

It happened to #MeToo -- Becoming a Dreamer -- Halfway Home -- College in an Education Desert -- On the Line: Wildland firefighters learn to survive in the era of megafires -- At the Crossroads: Violence behind the bars of Montana's only private prison -- Return of the Buffalo -- Life Is Harder Than Combat -- Dealing with Drift: Montana's organic farmers face limited options for compensation

Camas, Winter 2019

Camas

Crossings / Kitty Galloway -- The Scavenger / Dov Weinman -- Winter / Bryce Peterson -- Back to the Mud / Chris La Tray -- Volumes / Natalie Storey -- On Speaking Terms / B.A. Van Sise -- Mise en Abyme / Eliza Marley -- Plague Garden / Chad Foret -- Awaiting Burial / Kersten Christianson -- Maurauders All / Jan Harris -- Currant Bushes Speaking From November / Tara K. Shepersky -- Lower Forms of Life / Gary Beaumier -- The Pileated Woodpecker / John Noland

What Is In An Octopus's Mind?, Jennifer Mather

Animal Sentience

It is difficult to imagine what an animal as different from us as the octopus ‘thinks’, but we can make some progress. In the Umwelt or perceptual world of an octopus, what the lateralized monocular eyes perceive is not color but the plane of polarization of light. Information is processed by a bilateral brain but manipulation is done by a radially symmetrical set of eight arms. Octopuses do not self-monitor by vision. Their skin pattern system, used for excellent camouflage, is open loop. The output of the motor system of the eight arms is organized at several levels — brain, …

‘Mind’ Is An Ill-Defined Concept: Considerations For Future Cephalopod Research, Alexandra Schnell, Giorgio Vallortigara

Animal Sentience

Scientific discussions about the ‘mind’ of an octopus are empirically vacuous and should be confined to folk psychology. This form of labelling is unhelpful for science and should be replaced by specific mechanistic accounts of behavior and associated neural structures, which are amenable to rigorous scientific investigation. Mather provides a detailed review of octopus behavior, but rather than making unquantifiable assumptions about what orchestrates octopus behavior, efforts should focus on investigating cognitive mechanisms that can be measured. In this commentary, we outline two lines of research that include quantifiable methods to facilitate a more robust understanding of cephalopod behaviors and …

Mitochondrial Superoxide Disrupts The Metabolic And Epigenetic Landscape Of Cd4, Cassandra M. Moshfegh, Christopher W. Collins, Venugopal Gunda, A. Vasanthakumar, J. Z. Cao, Pankaj K. Singh, L. A. Godley, Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

While the role of mitochondrial metabolism in controlling T-lymphocyte activation and function is becoming more clear, the specifics of how mitochondrial redox signaling contributes to T-lymphocyte regulation remains elusive. Here, we examined the global effects of elevated mitochondrial superoxide (O₂^-) on T-lymphocyte activation using a novel model of inducible manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) knock-out. Loss of MnSOD led to specific increases in mitochondrial O₂^- with no evident changes in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), peroxynitrite (ONOO^-), or copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) levels. Unexpectedly, both mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism showed significant reductions …

Fascin Controls Metastatic Colonization And Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation By Remodeling Mitochondrial Actin Filaments, Shengchen Lin, Chongbiao Huang, Venugopal Gunda, Jianwei Sun, Srikumar P. Chellappan, Zengxun Li, Victoria Izumi, Bin Fang, John Koomen, Pankaj K. Singh, Jihui Hao, Shengyu Yang

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The deregulation of the actin cytoskeleton has been extensively studied in metastatic dissemination. However, the post-dissemination role of the actin cytoskeleton dysregulation is poorly understood. Here, we report that fascin, an actin-bundling protein, promotes lung cancer metastatic colonization by augmenting metabolic stress resistance and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Fascin is directly recruited to mitochondria under metabolic stress to stabilize mitochondrial actin filaments (mtF-actin). Using unbiased metabolomics and proteomics approaches, we discovered that fascin-mediated mtF-actin remodeling promotes mitochondrial OXPHOS by increasing the biogenesis of respiratory Complex I. Mechanistically, fascin and mtF-actin control the homeostasis of mtDNA to promote mitochondrial OXPHOS. The …

Metabolic Alterations In Pancreatic Cancer Progression, Enza Vernucci, Jaime Abrego, Venugopal Gunda, Surendra K. Shukla, Aneesha Dasgupta, Vikrant Rai, Nina V. Chaika, Kyla Buettner, Alysha Illies, Fang Yu, Audrey J. Lazenby, Benjamin J. Swanson, Pankaj K. Singh

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by enhanced glycolytic metabolism promoted by a hypoxic tumor microenvironment and a resultant acidic milieu. The metabolic reprogramming allows cancer cells to survive hostile microenvironments. Through the analysis of the principal metabolic pathways, we identified the specific metabolites that are altered during pancreatic cancer progression in the spontaneous progression (KPC) mouse model. Genetically engineered mice exhibited metabolic alterations during PanINs formation, even before the tumor development. To account for other cells in the tumor microenvironment and to focus on metabolic adaptations concerning tumorigenic …

The Mitochondrial Deoxyguanosine Kinase Is Required For Cancer Cell Stemness In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Shengchen Lin, Chongbiao Huang, Jianwei Sun, Oana Bollt, Xiuchao Wang, Eric Martine, Jiaxin Kang, Matthew D. Taylor, Bin Fang, Pankaj K. Singh, John Koomen, Jihui Hao, Shengyu Yang

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The mitochondrial deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) is maintained by the mitochondrial deoxynucleoside salvage pathway and dedicated for the mtDNA homeostasis, and the mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Here, we investigated the role of the DGUOK in the self-renewal of lung cancer stem-like cells (CSC). Our data support that DGUOK overexpression strongly correlates with cancer progression and patient survival. The depletion of DGUOK robustly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma tumor growth, metastasis, and CSC self-renewal. Mechanistically, DGUOK is required for the biogenesis of respiratory complex I and mitochondrial OXPHOS, which in turn regulates CSC self-renewal through AMPK-YAP1 signaling. …

Inhibition Of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Is A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Staci L. Haney, Michelle L. Varney, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Simon Shin, Kamiya Mehla, Ayrianne J. Crawford, Heather Jensen Smith, Lynette M. Smith, Daryl J. Murry, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Sarah A. Holstein

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Rab proteins play an essential role in regulating intracellular membrane trafficking processes. Rab activity is dependent upon geranylgeranylation, a post-translational modification that involves the addition of 20-carbon isoprenoid chains via the enzyme geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) II. We have focused on the development of inhibitors against geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), which generates the isoprenoid donor (GGPP), as anti-Rab agents. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abnormal mucin production and these mucins play important roles in tumor development, metastasis and chemo-resistance. We hypothesized that GGDPS inhibitor (GGDPSi) treatment would induce PDAC cell death by disrupting mucin trafficking, thereby inducing the unfolded …

Protease-Mediated Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus On Host Proteins Is Opp3 Dependent, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Austin S. Nuxoll, Kelsey J. Yamada, Tammy Kielian, Steven D. Carson, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus has the ability to cause infections in multiple organ systems, suggesting an ability to rapidly adapt to changing carbon and nitrogen sources. Although there is little information about the nutrients available at specific sites of infection, a mature skin abscess has been characterized as glucose depleted, indicating that peptides and free amino acids are an important source of nutrients for the bacteria. Our studies have found that mutations in enzymes necessary for growth on amino acids, including pyruvate carboxykinase (ΔpckA) and glutamate dehydrogenase (ΔgudB), reduced the ability of the bacteria to proliferate within a …

Csf Inflammatory Markers Differ In Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative Shunt Infections., Gwenn Skar, David Synhorst, Matthew K. Beaver, Jessica N. Snowden

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt placement is frequently complicated by bacterial infection. Shunt infection diagnosis relies on bacterial culture of CSF which can often produce false-negative results. Negative cultures present a conundrum for physicians as they are left to rely on other CSF indices, which can be unremarkable. New methods are needed to swiftly and accurately diagnose shunt infections. CSF chemokines and cytokines may prove useful as diagnostic biomarkers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of systemic and CSF biomarkers for identification of CSF shunt infection.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children with …

Judgment-Based Lawyering: Working In Coalition, Mark Aaronson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Harnessing Virtual Reality To Prevent Prosecutorial Misconduct, Kate Bloch

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Plaintiff Personal Jurisdiction And Venue Transfer, Scott Dodson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Fatal Attraction Of Pay-For-Delay, Robin Feldman, Prianka Misra

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Environmental Law. Disrupted, David Takacs

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Icc And Non-Party States: Consistency And Consensus Revisited, Chimene I. Keitner

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Consultants, The Environment, And The Law, Dave Owen

Faculty Scholarship

Conventional wisdom assumes that private-sector businesses will oppose, undermine, or distort government regulation. That assumption also underpins many areas of theoretical inquiry; theorists commonly assume that effective public-law regimes must be protected from the self-interested machinations of businesses, or that such protection is such a lost cause that most public regulation is doomed to fail. This Article investigates a different set of relationships between businesses and regulation. It does so by using the environmental consulting industry, which helps businesses and governments comply with environmental regulations, as a case study. An empirical inquiry into two subfields of the industry reveals that …

Scattered: The Assimilation Of Sushi, The Internment Of Japanese Americans, And The Killing Of Vincent Chin, A Personal Essay, Frank Wu

Faculty Scholarship

In a personal Essay, Frank H. Wu discusses the acceptance of sushi in America as a means of analyzing the acceptance of Japanese Americans, before, during, and after World War II. The murder of Vincent Chin in Detroit in 1982 is used as a defining moment for Asian Americans, explaining the shared experiences of people perceived as "perpetual foreigners."

Between Law And Diplomacy: The Conundrum Of Common Law Immunity, Chimene Keitner

Faculty Scholarship

Drawing the line between disputes that can be adjudicated in domestic (U.S.) courts and those that cannot has perplexed judges and jurists since the Founding Era. Although Congress provided a statutory framework for the jurisdictional immunities of foreign states in 1976, important ambiguities remain. Notably, in 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Samantar v. Yousuf that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) does not govern suits against foreign officials unless the foreign state is the "real party in interest." This decision clarified, but did not fully resolve, conceptual and doctrinal questions surrounding the immunities of foreign officials whose conduct …

Corporate Stewardship, Danielle D'Onfro

Scholarship@WashULaw

Harnessing strategies both ancient and modern — hostages, surety, gatekeepers, and blame — this Article proposes a new tool for achieving more efficient corporate compliance. It begins with the premise that a handful of well-known factors, including agency costs, misaligned time-horizons, cognitive biases, and insufficiently deterrent legal regimes sometimes cause companies to ignore important public safety obligations even when those obligations are cost-effective and welfare-maximizing. The result is systemic undercompliance with certain regulatory obligations. Despite the seriousness of this problem, currently available options for motivating compliance mostly fail to make public-safety regulations sufficiently salient to the individuals who perform the …

Reflections On Sheep Rearing, Joyce D'Silva

Animal Sentience

Sheep rearing has an incredibly long history. Sometimes this alone can give credibility and status to a human practice. In the twenty-first century, it may be time to reassess our treatment of sheep and their place in nature. “Just because we’ve always done it” no longer has validity by itself. There are many other human practices which used to be accepted widely in certain societies and which we now may find abhorrent. With sheep intelligence now rightly regarded as an acceptable area of research within the academic community, it is a good time to reflect on our treatment of these …

What Every Shepherd Knows, Marthe Kiley-Worthington

Animal Sentience

The findings of the research reviewed by Marino & Merskin have been common knowledge to shepherds for millennia. Many of them are also evolutionary necessities for all mammals, especially social ones.

Cognitive Dissonance About Sheep Cognition And Consumption, Catia Correia Caeiro

Animal Sentience

Sheep are perceived as mere resources under the massive demand of the food and wool industry. Evidence that sheep cognition is comparable to that of other species may inspire reflection on sheep consumption. Dogs may be a promising comparison species.

Emergent Regulatory Systems And Their Challenges: The Case Of Combination Medical Products, George Horvath

Faculty Scholarship

Where regulatory systems overlap, courts and scholars often focus on the undesirable aspects of the overlap—the ways in which systems conflict. One such context involves the regulation of prescription drugs and medical devices by the FDA’s premarket evaluation processes and by state common-law tort and products liability actions. FDA regulation and state common law are often described as separate, conflicting regulatory systems. This Article challenges that description by proposing a model in which FDA premarket evaluation and state common law function as a single regulatory system.

This model brings order to the Supreme Court’s seemingly inconsistent medical products preemption cases, …

Bridging The Gap Between Public Opinion Research And Consumer Marketing Research: Insights Into U.S. Shoppers Of Organic Foods, Marilena O. Vilceanu, Olivia Grasso, Kristine Johnson

AMTP Proceedings 2019

The primary goal of this study embraces Hughner and team’s (2007) directive to focus new research on the growing segment of occasional consumers of organic and natural foods, rather than limit the search for consumer insights to the small, elitist groups of deeply committed consumers. Research questions address the demographics, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics that identify organic foods as a premium product. Primary recommendations for marketing practitioners include focusing on higher income consumers, especially married individuals, who live in highly populated areas; creating a pleasant shopping experience; promoting non-food related organic items, and investing in brand presence and salience.

Search Strategy For "The Benefits, Burdens, And Risks Of Participation In Pediatric Palliative Care And End Of Life Research: A Systematic Review", Pamela S. Hinds, Vanessa N. Madrigal, Cynthia J. Bell, Cynthia M. Schmidt, Amy R. Newman, Kim Mooney-Doyle, Jessica L. Spruit, Tessie October, Christine A. Fortney, Melissa Kurtz Uveges, Kitty Montgomery, Katherine Patterson Kelly, Meaghann S. Weaver

Search Strategies: Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library

No abstract provided.

Search Strategies For "Targeted Therapy With Pde5i In Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Due To Heart Failure And Elevated Pulmonary Vascular Resistance: A Systematic Review", Galo Sanchez Palacios, Cynthia M. Schmidt, Tammy Wichman

Search Strategies: Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library

No abstract provided.