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2019

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A Composite Review Of The Proposed Molecular Mechanisms And Genetic Components Underlying Parkinson’S Disease, Paige Brodrick Jan 2019

A Composite Review Of The Proposed Molecular Mechanisms And Genetic Components Underlying Parkinson’S Disease, Paige Brodrick

Scripps Senior Theses

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons present in the substantia nigra. The clinical presentation of PD includes tremors, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle and limb rigidity, and difficulty with walking and balancing. While many environmental factors can affect the onset and progression of the disease, genetic mutations have a large influence. Of the identified PD-linked genetic mutations, mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are one of the most common genetic causes of PD. Located in endosomes, LRRK2 has been shown to play a role in the sorting and endocytosis …


Bsa Agri Business, Marketing And Management 2019-20, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro Jan 2019

Bsa Agri Business, Marketing And Management 2019-20, Arkansas State University - Jonesboro

Bachelor of Science and Education

No abstract provided.


Inherent Limits To The World Trade Organization’S Article Xxi Self-Judging Security Exception, Stuart Davis Jan 2019

Inherent Limits To The World Trade Organization’S Article Xxi Self-Judging Security Exception, Stuart Davis

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.


Rubin Peacock: 50 Years Of Bronze Sculpture, Rubin Peacock Jan 2019

Rubin Peacock: 50 Years Of Bronze Sculpture, Rubin Peacock

Books and Book Chapters

“Rubin Peacock: 50 Years of Bronze Sculpture” is an autobiographical account of Peacock’s career as a sculptor, tracing the enduring influences of his Native American ancestry, upbringing in the rural South, and educational experiences abroad.


Forms Of Supplemental Selenium In Vitamin-Mineral Mixes Differentially Affect Serological And Hepatic Parameters Of Growing Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Yang Jia Jan 2019

Forms Of Supplemental Selenium In Vitamin-Mineral Mixes Differentially Affect Serological And Hepatic Parameters Of Growing Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Yang Jia

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue results in a syndrome of negatively altered physiological systems, collectively known as fescue toxicosis. Another challenge to endophyte-infected tall fescue -based beef cattle operations is that the soils often are selenium (Se) poor, necessitating the need to provide supplemental Se. To test the general hypothesis that different forms of supplemental Se would ameliorate the negative effects of fescue toxicosis, predominately-Angus steers (BW = 183 ± 34 kg) were randomly selected from herds of fall-calving cows grazing an endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture and consuming vitamin-mineral mixes that contained 35 ppm Se as sodium selenite (ISe), SELPLEX …


What Fane Lozman Can Teach Us About Free Speech, Jesse D. H. Snyder Jan 2019

What Fane Lozman Can Teach Us About Free Speech, Jesse D. H. Snyder

Wyoming Law Review

No abstract provided.


Left In The Dust: Wyoming’S Instream Flow Laws From A Mountain West Perspective, Allison E. Connell Jan 2019

Left In The Dust: Wyoming’S Instream Flow Laws From A Mountain West Perspective, Allison E. Connell

Wyoming Law Review

No abstract provided.


Development And Validation Of The Vending Evaluation For Nutrient-Density (Vend)Ing Audit, Tanya M. Horacek, Elif Dede Yildirim, Melissa Matthews Schreiber, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Sarah E. Colby, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Melissa D. Olfert, Anne E. Matthews, Kristin Riggsbee, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Kendra Kattelmann Jan 2019

Development And Validation Of The Vending Evaluation For Nutrient-Density (Vend)Ing Audit, Tanya M. Horacek, Elif Dede Yildirim, Melissa Matthews Schreiber, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Sarah E. Colby, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Melissa D. Olfert, Anne E. Matthews, Kristin Riggsbee, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Kendra Kattelmann

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: This paper describes the development and validation of the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing audit to comprehensively evaluate vended products based upon healthfulness, price and promotion, and machine accessibility. Methods: A novel vending nutrient-density score was created to determine the healthfulness of vended snack/beverage products. Field tested in United States colleges, VENDing audit (Σnutrient-density + 10 x % healthy products) and Support sub-scores (price + promotion + accessibility) were calculated for snack/beverage machines. Higher scores indicate more healthful vending options and supports for choosing healthfully. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-Vending (NEMS-V) was used to validate the nutrient-density score for a …


Development And Validation Of The Policies, Opportunities, Initiatives And Notable Topics (Points) Audit For Campuses And Worksites, Tanya M. Horacek, Marlei Simon, Elif Dede Yildirim, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa D. Olfert, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Anne E. Matthews, Wenjun Zhou, Tandalayo Kidd, Kendra Kattelmann, Geoffrey Greene, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Onikia Brown Jan 2019

Development And Validation Of The Policies, Opportunities, Initiatives And Notable Topics (Points) Audit For Campuses And Worksites, Tanya M. Horacek, Marlei Simon, Elif Dede Yildirim, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa D. Olfert, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Anne E. Matthews, Wenjun Zhou, Tandalayo Kidd, Kendra Kattelmann, Geoffrey Greene, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Onikia Brown

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Workplace or campus wellness/obesity-prevention policies and initiatives can improve health. Research tools to assess worksite or campus policies/initiatives are scarce. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop and validate the policies, opportunities, initiatives, and notable topics (POINTS) audit. Methods: POINTS was developed and refined via expert review, pilot-testing, and field testing. Trained researchers completed a web-based review from a student-focus or employee-focus regarding 34 health-promoting topics for colleges. Each topic was evaluated on a 0–2 scale: 0 = no policy/initiative, 1 = initiatives, 2 = written policy. When a written policy was detected, additional policy support questions …


Evaluation Of Corn Bran Plus Solubles On Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Finishing Diets, Shelby A. Garland, Bradley M. Boyd, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Galen E. Erickson, Jim C. Macdonald, Ryan A. Mass Jan 2019

Evaluation Of Corn Bran Plus Solubles On Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Finishing Diets, Shelby A. Garland, Bradley M. Boyd, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Galen E. Erickson, Jim C. Macdonald, Ryan A. Mass

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding corn bran plus solubles, a new feed resulting from a pre-fermentation fiber removal process, compared to wet distillers grains plus solubles at two levels of inclusion (20% and 40% of diet DM). Intake increased with inclusion of byproduct, and steers fed 20% wet distillers had the greatest intakes numerically. Byproduct inclusion, regardless of type, increased daily gain over the corn-based control. Feed conversions were improved with increased inclusion of both Bran + Solubles and wet distillers, and both were superior to the control. Increased inclusion of both byproducts resulted …


Effects Of Prepartum Nutrition On May-Calving Cows And Progeny, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer Meyer, Rick N. Funston Jan 2019

Effects Of Prepartum Nutrition On May-Calving Cows And Progeny, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer Meyer, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

May-calving dams grazed either sub-irrigated meadow or upland range from Jan. 5 to May 1 each year for 6 years. Within grazing system, dams received either no supplement or 1 lb/d of a 33% CP supplement from Jan. 5 to April 1. Dams grazing meadow in the prepartum period weighed more and had a greater body condition score prior to calving. They also tended to have greater pregnancy rates in the subsequent breeding season and tended to wean heavier calves than dams grazing upland range. Allowing May-calving dams to graze meadow in late gestation may increase herd profitability through increased …


On The Interactions Of Augmin With Microtubules And The Mechanics Of The Cross-Linker Prc1, Alejandro Dottore Jan 2019

On The Interactions Of Augmin With Microtubules And The Mechanics Of The Cross-Linker Prc1, Alejandro Dottore

Student Theses and Dissertations

Cell division in eukaryotes requires the assembly and maintenance of a structure, the bipolar spindle, self-organized from microtubules and their associated proteins. A multitude of components have been identified to be involved in this organization, and solving the combinatorial of the conditions that lead to the specific set of configurations present in vivo remains an open question. This thesis presents reconstitutions from purified components used to study aspects of microtubule self-organization: first, the microtubule-nucleation-related augmin octameric complex was assessed at a single-molecule interaction level with microtubules; second, the cross-linker PRC1's frictional response resisting motion between two microtubule filaments was analyzed …


Neural Mechanisms That Control An Innate Foraging Behavior In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Alejandro Lopez-Cruz Jan 2019

Neural Mechanisms That Control An Innate Foraging Behavior In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Alejandro Lopez-Cruz

Student Theses and Dissertations

The ability to efficiently locate food is critical for survival. Thus, animals modify their foraging patterns based on recent experience and current conditions to increase their likelihood of finding food. One highly conserved foraging strategy is local search, an intensive exploration over several minutes of the region where food resources were last encountered. As time since the last food encounter passes, animals transition to global search strategies to explore distant areas. The local-to-global search foraging pattern has been observed in fish, reptiles, insects, birds, and mammals, yet few studies ask how an animal's brain generates this ancient behavior. Here, I …


Dopamine And The Temporal Dependence Of Learning And Memory, Annie Handler Jan 2019

Dopamine And The Temporal Dependence Of Learning And Memory, Annie Handler

Student Theses and Dissertations

Animal behavior is largely influenced by the seeking out of rewards and avoidance of punishments. Positive or negative reinforcements, like a food reward or painful shock, impart meaningful valence onto sensory cues in the animal's environment. The ability of animals to form associations between a sensory cue and a rewarding or punishing reinforcement permits them to adapt their future behavior to maximize reward and minimize punishments. Animals rely on the timing of events to infer the causal relationships between cues and outcomes –– sensory cues that precede a painful shock in time become associated with its onset and are imparted …


The Role And Control Of Wnt Signalling In An Hesc Model Of Human Primitive Streak, Iain Martyn Jan 2019

The Role And Control Of Wnt Signalling In An Hesc Model Of Human Primitive Streak, Iain Martyn

Student Theses and Dissertations

In amniotes, gastrulation is marked by the creation of the primitive streak (PS) and is largely controlled by WNT, BMP, and ACTIVIN/NODAL signalling. Despite detailed characterization in model organisms, the human PS and the role these pathways play in its formation and patterning remains a mystery. In this work I focused on understanding the role and control of the WNT pathway in human PS development. Due to the ethical limitations of working with human embryos, I used an in vitro human embryonic stem cell (hESC) micropatterned "gastruloid" system. I first showed that in the human PS there is a conserved …


In Vitro, In Vivo, And In Silico Studies Of Reticulospinal Circuits And Generalized Arousal, Adele Bubnys Jan 2019

In Vitro, In Vivo, And In Silico Studies Of Reticulospinal Circuits And Generalized Arousal, Adele Bubnys

Student Theses and Dissertations

Generalized arousal (GA) is a fundamental force in the nervous system that alerts an individual to abrupt changes in its environment. A state of high GA is operationally defined by increases in an animal's a.) locomotor output, b.) responsiveness to sensory stimuli, and c.) emotional reactivity. Previous studies have identified the nucleus gigantocellularis (NGC), a small group of large-bodied neurons in the hindbrain reticular formation, as a potential neuronal substrate for GA. These neurons are responsive to a wide range of sensory modalities and have diverse projections that target both forebrain areas and motor effectors directly within the spinal cord, …


Oxytocin, Dopamine, And The Neuromodulation Of Mating Behavior In C. Elegans, Meghan Aileen Lockard Jan 2019

Oxytocin, Dopamine, And The Neuromodulation Of Mating Behavior In C. Elegans, Meghan Aileen Lockard

Student Theses and Dissertations

In the four modalities of analysis that Tinbergen describes: mechanistic, ontological, functional, and phylogenetic, I look at both the "how" and the "why" of oxytocin as a releaser of reproductive behavior. To do so, I take the wide view across 600 million years of metazoan evolution, focusing on the oxytocin-mediated mating behavior and physiology of the often-overlooked invertebrates. By looking to these simpler animals with both smaller, paired-down nervous systems and more diverse sets of mating strategies, I elucidate some of the basic and general principles of the oxytocin circuit (Chapter I). In Chapter II, I give a survey of …


Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Stress-Induced Glia Remodeling In The Nematode C. Elegans, In Hae Lee Jan 2019

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Stress-Induced Glia Remodeling In The Nematode C. Elegans, In Hae Lee

Student Theses and Dissertations

Animals can adapt to long-term environmental changes by modifying their behavior, which can be accompanied by structural alterations of the nervous system. Such alterations are common in sensory organs, composed of sensory neurons and glia, which initially detect environmental stress. The molecular mechanisms driving cell shape remodeling following environmental stress and the effects of such remodeling on animal survival are not well understood. C. elegans is an excellent model in which to study neuronal and glial cell remodeling. Under normal growth conditions, the sensory receptive endings of the bilateral AWC sensory neurons, which respond to volatile odorants, are individually ensheathed …


Multimodal Strategies Of Host-Seeking Mosquitoes, Molly Zhen Liu Jan 2019

Multimodal Strategies Of Host-Seeking Mosquitoes, Molly Zhen Liu

Student Theses and Dissertations

Mosquitoes use multiple sensory modalities, including olfaction, thermosensation, and vision, to hunt human hosts and obtain a blood-meal for egg production. Any individual sensory cue is an incomplete signal of a human host, and so a mosquito must integrate multimodal sensory information before committing to approaching and biting a person. Mosquito host-seeking behavior is thus a particularly fruitful model for studying multimodal integration because of its robustness, intricacy, and public health importance. Using tethered and free flight assays, we have teased apart responses to attractive visual and thermal cues in female Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, uncovering their contributions …


Examining Mechanisms Regulating Microtubule Assembly And Function, Melissa Pamula Jan 2019

Examining Mechanisms Regulating Microtubule Assembly And Function, Melissa Pamula

Student Theses and Dissertations

Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers assembled from α and β tubulin subunits that function in essentially all cellular activities. Microtubules can act as "tracks" for intracellular cargo transport, are required for cilia- and flagella-based motility, and establish cell morphology in specialized cells such as neurons. In dividing cells, a bipolar spindle assembles from microtubules and partitions genetic material into two daughter cells. Proper microtubule function in these diverse contexts depends on the assembly dynamics of microtubules and their organization into specialized arrays. Both intrinsic factors including the tubulin isotype composition of microtubules and extrinsic factors including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) can impact …


Sensory Coding And Olfactory Integration In Caenorhabditis Elegans, May Dobosiewicz Jan 2019

Sensory Coding And Olfactory Integration In Caenorhabditis Elegans, May Dobosiewicz

Student Theses and Dissertations

Animals must sense their external environments to guide meaningful behavior. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, for example, uses volatile cues to navigate toward food from a distance. How does an animal integrate the olfactory information from its environment? Here, I ask how multiple sensory neurons drive and shape one interneuron's activity. C. elegans senses several odors, including the bacterial metabolite diacetyl, using the AWA sensory neurons. AWA forms chemical and electrical synapses onto several interconnected interneurons, which contribute to chemotaxis toward attractive odors like diacetyl. One AWA target is the interneuron AIA, which is connected to AWA via a putative electrical …


Spontaneity And Precision In The Drosophila Central Nervous System, Bennett Ferris Jan 2019

Spontaneity And Precision In The Drosophila Central Nervous System, Bennett Ferris

Student Theses and Dissertations

Many organisms that can locomote change their navigational strategies depending upon behavioral context. During foraging or exploration, for instance, many animals navigate by interspersing straight runs with turns whose direction and frequency may originate, at least at times, from largely stochastic processes. Conversely, during goal-directed navigation, animals may use stored heading and distance signals to travel efficiently to a desired location. This thesis explores the circuitry underlying these disparate navigational strategies in Drosophila. I first show that normal synaptic transmission in a genetically specified population of neurons is necessary for one to observe an appreciable rate of spontaneous flight turns …


Who Said That? Towards A Machine-Prediction-Based Approach To Tursiops Truncatus Whistle Localization And Attribution In A Reverberant Dolphinarium, Sean Fisher Woodward Jan 2019

Who Said That? Towards A Machine-Prediction-Based Approach To Tursiops Truncatus Whistle Localization And Attribution In A Reverberant Dolphinarium, Sean Fisher Woodward

Student Theses and Dissertations

Dolphin communication research is an active period of growth. Many researchers expect to find significant communicative capacity in dolphins given their known sociality and large and complex brains. Moreover, given dolphins' known acoustic sensitivity, serving their well-studied echolocation ability, some researchers have speculated that dolphin communication is mediated in large part by a sophisticated "vocal" language. However, evidence supporting this belief is scarce. Among most dolphin species, a particular tonal class of call, termed the whistle, has been identified as socially important. In particular, for the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus – arguably the focal species of most dolphin cognitive …


Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Using Crispr/Cas9 Gene Editing And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Conserved Cellular Mechanisms, Dylan Kwart Jan 2019

Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Using Crispr/Cas9 Gene Editing And Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Conserved Cellular Mechanisms, Dylan Kwart

Student Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and a leading cause of death in the United States. Rare cases of autosomal dominant familial AD (fAD) result from genetic mutations in three key genes: amyloid precursor protein (APP), and two APP processing-related genes (presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2)), supporting the theory that altered APP metabolism is a central cause of AD. However, which product of APP metabolism is causal remains a matter of investigation. A probable source of this lack of understanding stems from the poor disease model systems that have been utilized in the field for …


Distinct Populations Of Layer 5b Pyramidal Neurons In The Primary Motor Cortex, Maria V. Moya Jan 2019

Distinct Populations Of Layer 5b Pyramidal Neurons In The Primary Motor Cortex, Maria V. Moya

Student Theses and Dissertations

The ability of motor cortex to plan, execute, and refine different movements depends on the coordinated activity of many neurons found across its laminar structure. Layer 5b (L5b), a deep cortical layer that drives output signals from the cortex, contains excitatory pyramidal neurons that innervate many subcortical areas of the brain. In the motor cortex, L5b is thicker and contains more pyramidal neurons than L5b of other cortical areas. Electrophysiological, anatomical, and RNA-Seq profiling of neurons in the motor cortex suggests there are diverse pyramidal neuron types within L5b. However, the precise identities of these distinct populations and their defining …


Regulation Of Protein Degradation By Adp-Ribosylation, Yetis Gultekin Jan 2019

Regulation Of Protein Degradation By Adp-Ribosylation, Yetis Gultekin

Student Theses and Dissertations

Protein quality control is essential for cellular homeostasis. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is responsible for the regulated breakdown of intracellular proteins. All proteins are not degraded at the same rate in the cell. For instance, global protein turnover rates in mammals change with an average time between 1-2 days. On the other hand, a handful of proteins such as myelin exhibits limited turnover for months or even years. The UPS recycles most of the short-lived proteins in a time range from minutes to days depending on their localization and post-translational modifications. The post-translational modification, poly-ADPribosylation has an estimated half-life of …


The Skin Remembers: Epigenetic Memories Of Inflammation Past, Samantha B. Larsen Jan 2019

The Skin Remembers: Epigenetic Memories Of Inflammation Past, Samantha B. Larsen

Student Theses and Dissertations

As one of the body's largest environmental interfaces, the skin is routinely exposed to a myriad of inflammatory stimuli. It functions as a barrier acting as the first line of defense against pathogens, while simultaneously protecting the organism from dehydration. Maintaining an intact barrier is therefore paramount to organismal survival, and the foremost torchbearers of this task are skin epithelial stem cells (EpSCs). EpSCs reside in the basal layer of the skin, survive long-term, and are capable of both self-renewing and differentiating into multiple skin lineages. To efficaciously maintain the barrier, EpSCs must be able to sense and respond to …


Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 Volume 15, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2019

Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 Volume 15, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.


Targeting Hunk To Suppress Autophagy: A Novel Target For Her2+ Breast Cancer, Joelle Nieves Zambrano Jan 2019

Targeting Hunk To Suppress Autophagy: A Novel Target For Her2+ Breast Cancer, Joelle Nieves Zambrano

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Despite the availability of targeted therapeutics, the development of resistance to HER2 inhibitors represents a significant barrier to the treatment of HER2+ breast cancers. To enhance the efficacy of these inhibitors, identifying novel molecular targets which facilitate tumorigenesis and resistance is essential. HUNK (Hormonally Upregulated Neu-associated Kinase) is a protein kinase which has been shown to promote HER2+ mammary tumorigenesis in a kinase-dependent fashion. Previous studies also indicate HUNK upregulates autophagy in a HER2+ breast cancer model that is resistant to HER2 inhibitors, though the mechanism for this regulation currently remains unknown. We have recently identified staurosporine (STU) as a …


Role Of Bdnf In The Ability Of Exercise To Attenuate Dependence-Related Escalated Alcohol Drinking In C57bl/6j Mice, Matthew Gustav Solomon Jan 2019

Role Of Bdnf In The Ability Of Exercise To Attenuate Dependence-Related Escalated Alcohol Drinking In C57bl/6j Mice, Matthew Gustav Solomon

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to be a burden to society. Currently, few efficacious treatments exist. In addition to behavioral therapy and support groups (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous), there are only three FDA approved pharmacotherapies. The lack of treatment options for alcohol addiction denotes the need to discover and develop new strategies and pharmacological targets to improve abstinence, prevent relapse, and inhibit the development of alcohol addiction. Chronic alcohol exposure reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Reductions of BDNF in the mPFC drive alcohol-dependent drinking in mice and conversely, elevating BDNF in this region blocks alcohol …